Maduo County, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Maduo County, which means "the source of the Yellow River" in Tibetan, is located in the northwest of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province. It is located in the south of Qinghai Province and the northwest of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It belongs to Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and is a county under the jurisdiction of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

Maduo County borders Dulan County of Haixi Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in the north, Xinghai County of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Maqin County of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the East, dari County of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Shiqu County of Sichuan Province in the south, qumalai County of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous County in the west, and Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the southwest. It is 207 km wide from north to South and 228 km long from east to west It covers 25253 square kilometers. The average altitude is above 4200 meters and the annual average temperature is - 4 ℃. It belongs to alpine grassland climate. Erling lake, Zhaling lake, donggecuona lake, Xingxiu sea and Yellow River are rich in water resources. There are considerable underground mineral resources waiting for development.

October 13, 2018 (Xinhua) Maduo 4.4 MW photovoltaic poverty alleviation Liancun power station, built with the assistance of State Grid Corporation of China, was officially connected to the grid on the 12th, which is the highest photovoltaic poverty alleviation power station in China.

On May 15, 2019, the people's Government of Qinghai Province approved Maduo County to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

Historical evolution

It was a place of Qiang Nationality in ancient times.

The Tang Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Jimi Prefecture, and later belonged to Tubo.

The Ming Dynasty was under the command of duogan.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Heshuote Mongolian regime.

The Qing Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of shangguo Luoke and Zhangla, Songpan Town, Sichuan Province.

In 1941, it set up the hajiang Administration Bureau. In 1943, it was incorporated into the Xingchuan Administration Bureau.

After liberation in 1950, it was under the jurisdiction of dari county and Gande county. In 1957, dari county and Gande county were divided into Maduo County. In 1959, it was under the jurisdiction of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. In 1962, he returned to Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

At the end of 1999, Maduo County, with an area of 25253 square kilometers and a population of 10717 (according to Qinghai Provincial Records), has jurisdiction over six townships. The county government is stationed in Machali (within Heihe township).

According to the fifth census in 2000, Maduo County has a total population of 10890, including 1900 in Huanghe Township, 1642 in Heihe Township, 1564 in zalinghu Township, 1868 in Huashixia Township, 1068 in Heihai Township, 765 in Qingshui Township and 2083 in machalibupi town.

On March 5, 2001, Qinghai provincial government issued the reply of Qingzheng Letter No. 14: Qingshui, Huashixia and Heihai townships were abolished and Huashixia town was merged (the town government was located in the original Huashixia town). After the adjustment, Maduo County has jurisdiction over one town and three townships: HUASHIXIA Town, Huanghe Township, Heihe Township and Zhaling Lake Township.

At the end of 2001, Maduo County had one town, three townships and one state-owned ranch, with a total of 34 animal husbandry committees. Huashixia town is located in Huashixia and has 16 animal husbandry committees, including cuorou, zhuolan, Dongze, zaorigeng, rixie, ribang, jirimai, jiamuen, doucuo, narza, weirigeng, Zhadi, zhehemai, Doudi, Douna and Jiaguo. Huanghe township is located in rejiangkanduo and has jurisdiction over six animal husbandry committees, namely, jiangpang, requ, aying, baimana, tanggema and Zheliang. Heihe Township, located in weilongwa, has jurisdiction over six animal husbandry committees, namely Jiangduo, longgeng, Gala, kamuqing, Hera and Jiangcuo. Zhaling Lake Township is located in hamichaka, which has jurisdiction over six animal husbandry committees, namely gaze, duoyong, chaze, eling, Lena and Ayong. The state farm is based in machari.

In August 2006, Heihe township was abolished and machari town was established (the town government moved to machari). After the adjustment, Maduo County has jurisdiction over two towns and two townships: Machali Town, HUASHIXIA Town, Huanghe town and Zhaling lake town.

geographical environment

position

Maduo County is located in the northwest of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. Its geographical coordinates are 33 ° 50 ′ - 35 ° 40 ′ N and 96 ° 50 ′ - 99 ° 20 ′ E. In the north, it is connected with Dulan County of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in the East, Xinghai County of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Maqin County of Guoluo Prefecture, in the south, dari County of Guoluo Prefecture and Shiqu County of Sichuan Province, qumalai County of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the west, Bayankala mountain in the southwest, and Chengduo County of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It is 207 km wide from north to South and 228 km long from east to west. The total area of the county is 25253 square kilometers, accounting for 20.8% of the area of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

landforms

Maduo County is a high plain area, the terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast, most of which are between 4500-5000 meters above sea level. The terrain fluctuates little and is relatively flat, with a specific height of 500-1000 meters. It is higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast. There are flat land, desert land and swamp land in the mountains. The tectonic unit belongs to the Bayan Har fold belt, the tectonic lines strike from northwest to Southeast, and the geomorphic contour is obviously controlled by the structure. The dominant geomorphic types in Maduo area are wide valley and river lake basin, which are mostly formed by faulting.

climate

Maduo County has a climate of alpine grassland. There are no four seasons in a year, only cold and warm seasons. Generally, the cold and warm seasons are called winter and summer respectively. Winter is long and cold, dry and windy, summer is short and cool, rainy. The temperature, wind and rainfall are as follows:

temperature

The annual average temperature in Maduo County is - 4.1 ℃. Except may to September, the monthly average temperature is below - 3.0 ℃. The coldest January is - 16.8 ℃. In 1978, it reached - 26.6 ℃. The lowest extreme day temperature is - 48.1 ℃. It is the place with the lowest extreme day temperature in Qinghai Province. The hottest month is 7.5 ℃ in July, the highest temperature of extreme day is 22.9 ℃, the annual temperature is ≤ 0.0 ℃, and the number of days is 94.8 days, which is not only the coldest summer, but also more than 10 days at least. During the daytime, the solar radiation is strong, the ground receives more heat, the temperature rises quickly, the heat dissipation is large, the temperature drops sharply, the daily temperature difference is large, and the annual average temperature is 14.0 ℃. There is no absolute frost free period in the whole year.

wind power

There are many gale days in Maduo County, which are most frequent from November to next April, accounting for 70-85% of the annual gale days. The interannual variation of gale is large, with 110 days in 1966 and 12 days in 1966. The maximum continuous days of gale are 8-10 days. The maximum wind speed is 34 m / s. Most of the monthly gale winds are from northwest to North northwest, which is the most common with high wind speed and long duration.

precipitation

The annual average precipitation of Maduo County is 303.9 mm, but the interannual variation is large, the year with the most is 434.8 mm, and the year with the least is 84.0 mm.

hydrology

Maduo County is the birthplace of the Yellow River, with dense rivers and numerous lakes. There are a total of 4077 lakes in the county. The main rivers in the territory are Maqu, requ, Jiangqu, lenaqu, Duoqu, etc., with water energy reserves of about 4.2465 million kilowatts.

natural resources

Grassland resources

In 2007, the total land area of Maduo County was 262.67 hectares, of which the grassland area was 229.91 hectares, accounting for 87.5% of the total area of the county, and the usable grassland area was 1805300 hectares, accounting for 78.5% of the grassland area. According to the palatability, utilization rate and nutritional composition of plants, Maduo grassland is divided into five grades: excellent, good, medium and poor.

mineral resources

There are coal, salt, placer gold and boron deposits in Maduo County. At the junction of Huashixia town and Dulan County, the reserves of zayiherae coal mine and the Hongtupo coal mine are more than one million tons.

Biological resources

Maduo County is rich in wildlife resources. They mainly include: bison, wild donkey (commonly known as wild horse), antelope, yellow goat, stone sheep, argali, white lipped deer, brown bear, wolf, red fox, lynx, snow leopard, badger, wild cat, marmot, etc. There are also many birds in Maduo County, most of which are migratory birds. They come in May and leave in October every year. The main resident birds living here are brown Headed Gull, bantouyan, Yudai seagull, red mallard, black necked Crane, golden bunting, Redshank, egret crane, etc. there are few species and a large number of them. There are 8 species of fish in Zhaling lake, Eling Lake and the rivers connecting the two lakes, including gymnocyprinus variegatus, platypharyngodon orientalis, Yellow River fish with bony lip, Yellow River naked schizophren and thick lip heavy lip fish. There are 8 species of fish in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.

administrative division

Maduo County has jurisdiction over 2 townships and 2 towns of HUASHIXIA Town, Machali Town, Huanghe Township and Zhaling Lake Township in 2010, with 26 animal husbandry committees and 4 new ecological migration villages.

Population nationality

population

In 2013, the birth rate was 16.1 ‰, the death rate was 5.8 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 10.4 ‰. At the end of 2013, the total population was 14570. Among them, the Tibetan population is 13439, accounting for 92.24% of the total population, and the agricultural and animal husbandry population is 11355, accounting for 77.93% of the total population.

nation

There are nine nationalities in Maduo County, including Han, Tibetan, Mongolian, Hui, salar, man, Tu, Yao and Miao.

Sociology

education

At the end of 2013, there were 5 schools of various types in Maduo County, including 4 primary schools and 1 middle school; there were 1678 students in Maduo County, including 648 middle schools and 1030 primary schools. There is one kindergarten with 40 children in it; there are 216 teaching staff in the county, including 108 full-time teachers; the enrollment rate of school-age children is 100%, including 100% of herdsmen's children.

Culture

In 2013, there were 5 cultural institutions in Maduo County, including 1 library, 1 cultural center, 1 film distribution and projection management station, and 2 Radio and television relay stations. The radio coverage rate was 95.65%, and the television coverage rate was 97.83%.

hygiene

In 2013, there were 8 health institutions (excluding clinics) in Maduo County, including 1 hospital at or above the county level, 4 township hospitals, 1 Center for Disease Control and prevention and 1 health center

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Guo Luo Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Ma Duo Xian