Zhanyi District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province

Zhanyi district is subordinate to Qujing City, Yunnan Province. It is located at 103 ° 29 ′～ 104 ° 14 ′ E and 25 ° 31 ′～ 26 ° 06 ′ n. It is located in the east of Yunnan Province and the middle of Qujing City. Since ancient times, it has been known as "the key to Yunnan", "the gateway to Yunnan" and "the first state in Yunnan". With a total area of 2910 square kilometers, it is a low latitude plateau monsoon climate zone, with an average altitude of 2000 meters, an annual rainfall of 1000 mm and an annual average temperature of 14 ℃.

Zhanyi district covers an area of 2814.89 square kilometers and has a population of 448500. It has 4 streets, 2 towns and 5 townships, and the district government is located in Xiping street.

Zhanyi district is an old revolutionary base in Yunnan Province, an important tobacco base in China and a base of medicinal flowers. In 2011, Zhanyi district's GDP was 11.7 billion yuan and its fiscal revenue was 1.235 billion yuan. Famous scenic spots include the source of the Pearl River, Haifeng wetland and Wuchi road. In November 2019, it will be selected as the second batch of counties (districts) that meet the water-saving society construction standards.

Historical evolution

The Wuchi road built by Qin Dynasty passed Zhanyi, with a total length of 78 kilometers.

During the period of the Three Kingdoms (225), Zhuge Liang pacified nanzhong, and his main battlefield was on both sides of the Nanpan River. On a stone outside Wuchi Road, a deep ditch in Jiulong Mountain, north of Zhanyi City, there is still the word "poisonous water" engraved by Zhuge Liang.

In the Tang Dynasty, Xiping Prefecture was set up to govern Zhanyi. According to the local records, "the abandoned state of Xiping is in the east of the city." The city of Xiping was the beginning of Zhanyi. It was changed into panzhou in only 13 years, and Xiping was abandoned. It has been more than 1300 years since the city of Xiping was founded. The old city of Zhanyi was built by manmengti, Mo Mi Department of Dali state in Song Dynasty. It is named yizou cage.

From Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, it set up Zhanyi Prefecture, led jiaoshui county (now Zhanyi County), governed Zou cage, and renamed jiaoshui city.

Tomorrow, in 1623, a new site will be selected to build "chengjiaoshui" with bricks and stones. Its height is one foot and four feet, its thickness is seven feet, its circumference is six hundred feet, its diameter is one mile and three minutes, its crenels are 1200, its battlements are six feet high, its four gates are open, its east is Taiping, its south is Heqing, its west is Jinhua, its north is Gongchen, its city tower is four, and it has been destroyed for a long time. " The city is about 0.4 square kilometers.

Zhanyi city was repaired in the 10th year of Yongzheng reign, the 7th year of Jiaqing reign, the 20th year of Daoguang reign, the 3rd year of Tongzhi reign and the 2nd year of Guangxu reign. There are four main streets, one of which is Zhijie. Each street is named dongdajie, Xidajie, Nandajie and Beidajie according to its direction, and the intersection is called Shizi street. All the streets are 6 meters wide with mud and stone pavement.

In 1932, the Yunnan Guizhou highway (earth road) was built by the General Administration of highways of Yunnan Province, which led to Zhanyi.

After 1949, the city walls were demolished. Today, there are ruins of the city wall on the north side of the east end of the middle street. Dongmen street, Ximen street, middle street, Beimen street and Nanmen Street still have the old style.

In August 1958, Zhanyi County and Qujing county were merged into Qujing County, and the organs were stationed in Zhanyi. In November, Malong county was merged.

In March 1961, it was analyzed in Malong county.

In August 1965, zhanzhou and Quzhou were divided into two counties.

In August 1983, Hequ County and Zhanjiang county were Qujing City at county level.

In 1989, in order to realize the standardization of place names, the former Qujing Municipal People's government at the county level, on the basis of the original 16 streets and alleys, newly named 9 streets and alleys (lanes) and renamed 1.

On May 6, 1997, Qujing district and county-level Qujing City were abolished, and prefecture level Qujing City was established. The Municipal People's government was stationed in Wenchang street, Chengguan Town, Qilin District. Qilin District and Zhanyi County were set up in Qujing City. Qilin District governs four towns of Qujing City, namely Chengguan, Sanbao, Yuezhou and Dongshan, and six townships of Huancheng, Zhujie, Yanjiang, Ciying, Xiaoxiang and Xishan.

In January 1998, the county-level institutions of Zhanyi district began to operate, and the status of Zhanyi county government was officially restored.

On April 1, 2016, the State Council made an official reply to the "request for instructions on revoking Zhanyi County and establishing Zhanyi District of Qujing City" submitted by Yunnan Provincial People's government, and agreed to cancel Zhanyi County and establish Zhanyi District of Qujing City, with the former administrative region of Zhanyi County as the administrative region of Zhanyi district. On June 1, the county was officially divided into districts.

administrative division

As of 2016, Zhanyi district has 4 streets, 2 towns and 5 townships, namely Xiping street, Longhua street, Jinlong street, Huashan street, Baishui Town, Panjiang Town, Dapo Township, Lingjiao Township, Deze Township, Yanfang Township and bole township. The government is in Xiping street.

geographical environment

Location context

Zhanyi district is located in the east of Yunnan Province and the middle of Qujing City, between 103 ° 29 ′～ 104 ° 14 ′ E and 25 ° 31 ′～ 26 ° 06 ′ n. It is adjacent to Fuyuan County in the East, Qilin District and Malong District in the south, XUNDIAN and Huize counties in the West and Xuanwei City in the north. Zhanyi district has a maximum horizontal distance of 73 km from east to west and a maximum vertical distance of 64 km from south to north. In the East is Nuge Daqing Village of Bole Township, in the south is Gantang village of ganglu, Baishui Town, in the west is Hewei luzibai village of Dapo Township, and in the north is xiaoliushu datiankouzi village of Deze township. The total area is 2910 square kilometers.

landforms

Zhanyi is located in the mountainous area of the South and North Panjiang River Watershed at the source of the Pearl River. The highest point is water chestnut Laoli mountain, 2678 meters above sea level, and the lowest point is Niulanjiang River Valley in Reshui village, Deze, 1650 meters above sea level. Majiongshan, the largest mountain, is the watershed of Nanpan River, Beipan River and Niulan River, and the birthplace of Pearl River.

hydrology

The main rivers in Zhanyi district are Nanpan River and Beipan River in the Pearl River Basin and Niulan River in the Yangtze River Basin.

climate

Zhanyi has a mild climate, abundant precipitation and distinct dry and wet seasons, which is a low latitude plateau monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 16.3-18.6 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 33.1 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 9.2 ℃, the annual sunshine hours are 2098 hours, the sunshine rate is 47%, the annual frost free period is about 255 days, the average annual rainfall is 1002 mm, and the annual precipitation from May to October accounts for 89% of the annual precipitation.

soil

There are 7 soil types, 23 soil genera, 56 soil species and 2 varieties in Zhanyi District, covering an area of 2632 square kilometers, accounting for 92.32% of the total area. The main soil types were red soil, accounting for 74.8% of the total land area, purple soil and paddy soil accounted for 9.9% and 5% respectively, yellow brown soil accounted for 1.7%, limestone soil accounted for 0.1%, alluvial soil accounted for 0.8%, swamp accounted for 0.08%.

Population nationality

population

In 2010, according to the Sixth China population census, Zhanyi County had a total population of 431058. Compared with the 3898.38 million people in the fifth census of China, 41220 people have increased in the past 10 years. The average annual increase is 4122. Among them, there are 225792 males and 205266 females. The sex ratio of the total population (100 females, male to female ratio) decreased from 111.16 in the fifth Chinese population census in 2000 to 110. The urban population is 159491, and the rural population is 271567.

nation

Up to 2011, there are Yi, Bai, Dai, Zhuang, Miao, Hui, Susu, Lahu, WA, Naxi, Yao, Tibetan, Jingpo, Bulang, Buyi, Achang, Hani, Xibo, Pumi, Mongolian, Nu, Jinuo, De'ang, Shui, man, Dulong and other ethnic groups in Zhanyi District.

natural resources

Mineral resources

Zhanyi district is rich in mineral resources and has many kinds of minerals, mainly including 18 kinds of minerals such as coal, phosphorus, dolomite, copper, iron, limestone, clay, construction sand, etc. with an annual output value of more than 200 million yuan, the development and utilization prospect is huge. Coal, mostly bituminous coal, mainly distributed in Luomu and Yanfang. As of 2012, the coal reserves of the two places are 120 million tons. Phosphate rock is mainly distributed in the area from laoguanying to Reshuitang in Deze Township, with a total reserves of 297 million tons. Dolomite is mainly distributed in Wangchengpo and Dalongtan of Xiping town. It is a super large high-quality dolomite mine with a total reserve of 96.53 million tons. Refractory clay is mainly distributed in Yanfang yujiahe area, with a total reserve of 2.6385 million tons. Limestone is widely distributed in the area, with many layers and large thickness, with a total storage capacity of 91.2675 million tons. Lead zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, copper, iron and other minerals have certain reserves in the territory.

plant resources

As of 2012, Zhanyi district has a forest area of 94200 hectares, with a forest coverage rate of 33.6%. There are more than 200 species of woody plants in 40 families. The dominant tree species are Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii, Keteleeria yunnanensis, Sabina vulgaris, Alnus cremastogyne, Quercus, etc.; the economic trees are Zanthoxylum bungeanum, chestnut, walnut, pear, apple, grape, sericulture, etc.; the rare tree species are Ginkgo biloba, Cinnamomum camphora, Pseudotsuga fortunei, Betula alnoides, Pistacia chinensis, Pittosporum brevifolium, etc. There are more than 400 species of wild medicinal plants, among which more than 120 species are widely distributed. The main medicinal materials are Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, Arnebia, pinellia, Baiji, Coptis, etc.

water resource

The total flow of water resources in Zhanyi district is 1.035 billion cubic meters, and the water energy reserves are 1.325 million kilowatts. The geothermal water resources include Deze hot spring. The main rivers are Nanpan River, Beipan River and Niulan river. Among them, Nanpan River originates from majiongshan, flows through Huashan reservoir, and flows into Qilin District, which is the upper reaches of the Pearl River. The annual runoff of water resources is divided into Nanpan River Basin of 1188.49 square kilometers, with an annual runoff of 431 million cubic meters; Beipan River Basin of 531.4 square kilometers, with an annual runoff of 193 million cubic meters; Niulan River Basin of 1082.1 square kilometers, with an annual runoff of 416 million cubic meters. The total amount of groundwater resources in the region is 579 million cubic meters. The annual total amount of groundwater in dam area is 77 million cubic meters, that in general mountainous area is 120 million cubic meters, and that in limestone karst area is 382 million cubic meters. As of 2006, there are 3 medium-sized reservoirs (Huashan, Xihe, Yihe)

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Qu Jing Shi Zhan Yi Qu