Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Jiuzhaigou County Jiuzhaigou County, belonging to Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, is located in the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, northeast of Aba Prefecture. It borders Wenxian, Zhouqu and Diebu counties in Gansu Province in the East and North, and Ruoergai, Pingwu and Songpan counties in Sichuan Province in the West and south. The total area is 5286 square kilometers.

Jiuzhaigou County is high in Northwest and southwest and low in Southeast. It belongs to plateau humid climate. Jiuzhaigou, which has won three international laurels of "World Natural Heritage", "World Biosphere Reserve" and "Green Globe 21" and the first batch of national 5A scenic spots, also has provincial Wujiao Giant Panda Nature Reserve, Baihe golden monkey nature reserve, gonggangling nature reserve, Ganhaizi National Forest Park and shenxianchi scenic spot, jiawutian lake and heihefeng lake There are many ecological and human resources, such as guangdai, Yuwa Shiqiao Hongye scenic spot, lamashi Grand Canyon, Dujuan mountain, Baima Tibetan style park in Wujiao. In 2007, it was named "China's strong tourism county". On April 28, 2019, the people's Government of Sichuan Province decided to withdraw Jiuzhaigou County from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

In 2018, Jiuzhaigou has three towns, 14 townships, one pasture and one Management Bureau, with a permanent resident population of 81500, and a GDP of 2.53697 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry is 232.9 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 845.09 million yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry is 1.45969 billion yuan. The ratio of the three industrial structures is 9.2:33.3:57.5, and the per capita regional production The total value is 31052 yuan. China's top 100 summer leisure counties and cities in 2020. National health county in 2019. On October 9, 2020, it was awarded the title of the fourth batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties by the Ministry of ecological environment.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

Jiuzhaigou is named after nine Tibetan villages (also known as Heyao Jiuzhai).

History of construction

Jiuzhaigou County, formerly known as Nanping County, was called Yangdong in ancient times. According to archaeological investigation, Neolithic sites have been found in all villages and towns except Caozhou and Yonghe. The history of Jiuzhaigou County can be traced back to 5000 years ago.

Dayu was located in the northwest of Liangzhou at that time. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, Guanghan county was set up in the north of Sichuan, with 13 subordinate counties. Among them, Diandi road is in today's Jiuzhaigou County, and Diandi road is the earliest administrative organization in Jiuzhaigou County's history. It shows that Jiuzhaigou County and its surrounding ethnic minority areas were included in the territory of the Han Dynasty more than 2000 years ago.

In the first year of Tianhe (566), Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Mochang, the son of Tuguhun Khan and the king of Longgan, led the people to attach themselves to the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Fuzhou (today's Huanglong Township in Songpan) was located in its place, and Fuzhou governor's office was set up.

In 587, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty abolished Dengzhou and replaced it with Fuzhou. Fuzhou was moved from Huanglong Township in Songpan to Anle village in Anle village in Jiuzhaigou County.

From Sui Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, it was Fuzhou.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the city wall was destroyed by the rebellion of "emperor Pana". In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), the Qing government decided to set up nanpingying of songpanting. Because of the destruction of Fuzhou City, another city was selected to be located in nanpingba, which is to the south of Fuzhou and at the foot of Xishan Mountain. It was built in the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729).

On December 16, 1949, Nanping was peacefully liberated.

In 1953, Nanping was established as a separate county.

On December 15, 1978, the State Council officially issued a document approving and transmitting the "report on strengthening the protection and domestication of giant pandas" issued by the State Forestry Administration, approving the establishment of Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve.

In 1980, Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve Management Office was established.

In 1982, the State Council approved Jiuzhaigou as a national scenic spot.

In 1984, Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area Administration was established.

On December 14, 1992, Jiuzhaigou was listed in the world natural heritage list by the unanimous vote of the 16th session of the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Committee.

In June 1998, Nanping County was renamed Jiuzhaigou County.

administrative division

As of December 2019, Jiuzhaigou has five towns, nine townships, one pasture and one Management Bureau. Jiuzhaigou County People's government is located in Binhe Road, Yongle Town.

geographical environment

Location context

Jiuzhaigou County is adjacent to Wen County in Gansu Province in the East, Zhouqu County and Diebu County in Gansu Province in the north, Ruoergai County in the west, Pingwu County and Songpan County in the south. It is between 32 ° 53 ′ - 33 ° 43 ′ N and 103 ° 27 ′ - 104 ° 26 ′ e, with a total area of 5286 square kilometers.

topographic features

In Jiuzhaigou County, the valley is vertical and horizontal, and the terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, mainly high mountains. In addition, some of the mountains are original and flat. The terrain changes in order, with an altitude difference of 2000 meters. The main ditch of Jiuzhaigou is in the shape of "Y", with a total length of more than 50 kilometers. There are many lakes, waterfalls and calcified shoals in the gully. Primeval forests cover more than half of Jiuzhaigou. Jiuzhaigou is a unique landscape with plateau calcified lakes, travertine waterfalls and calcified shoals as the main body. Jiuzhaigou is located in the transition zone from Qinghai Tibet Plateau to Sichuan Basin, with complex geological background, wide distribution of carbonates, developed folds and faults, strong neotectonic movement, large crustal uplift, and interlaced complex of various forces. It has created a variety of landforms, developed large-scale karst calcification deposits, dominated by plant karst calcification deposits. Jiuzhaigou has Jiaofeng, Renji, bingdou, U-shaped Valley, Danggu and trough valley. The trough reaches 2800 meters above sea level. Groundwater is rich in a large amount of calcium carbonate. The crystal formed by milky calcium carbonate can be seen at the bottom of the lake, Lake embankment and lakeside, which belongs to high mountain and deep valley carbonate weir landform.

Climatic characteristics

Jiuzhaigou, 1900-3100 meters above sea level, has a humid plateau climate with snow on the top of the mountain all the year round. The climate is long in winter and short in summer, with no severe heat in summer, no severe cold in winter and cool in spring and autumn. According to the altitude, it is divided into warm temperate semi-arid, middle temperate and cold temperate monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 12.7 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 550 mm, the annual average sunshine is 1600 hours, the annual average relative humidity is 65%, and the annual average air pressure is 859.3 HPA. In spring, the temperature is low and varies greatly. The average temperature is between 9 ℃ and 18 ℃. The average temperature is 19-22 ℃. The climate in autumn is pleasant, but the temperature difference between day and night is very large, especially in late autumn after October (frozen soil appears in late October). Winter is colder, and the temperature is mostly below 0 ℃. The rainfall in Jiuzhaigou is less and concentrated from July to August.

natural resources

water resource

Jiuzhaigou has developed water system and abundant water energy resources, with a theoretical reserve of 1.045 million kilowatts and a exploitable capacity of 642 million kilowatts. In 2010, cascade development of hydropower in Baishui River basin with an installed capacity of 490000 kW was smoothly promoted. Erdaoqiao hydropower station with an installed capacity of 12000 kW and Heihetang Hydropower Station with an installed capacity of 80000 kW were completed and put into operation, with a total installed capacity of 100000 kW.

plant resources

There are 2822 species of 264 families of forest plants and cultivated plants, and 467 species of medicinal plants in Jiuzhaigou County, including 51 species of lichens in 16 families, 147 species of bryophytes in 48 families, 155 species of Pteridophytes in 28 families, 45 species of gymnosperms in 7 families, 2334 species of angiosperms in 125 families, including 1997 species of dicotyledons in 109 families, 337 species of monocotyledons in 16 families, 217 species of fungi in 40 families.

According to the Red Book of rare and endangered plants in China and the first and second batch of list of national key protected wild plants, there are 82 species of rare and endangered plants in Jiuzhaigou County, including 3 species of class I key protected plants: Ginkgo biloba, Taxus chinensis, monocotyledon; 75 species of class II key protected plants; and 4 species of other endangered plants.

Animal resources

There are 42 species of national protected animals in Jiuzhaigou County, which are rare and valuable.

Among them, there are 10 species of national class I key protected animals, including:

There are 6 kinds of mammals: giant panda, golden monkey, takin, leopard, forest musk deer and horse musk deer.

There are four kinds of birds: pheasant, pheasant quail, hazelnut and golden eagle.

There are 32 species of national class II key protected animals

There are 14 kinds of mammals: macaque, jackal, red panda, black bear, horse bear, otter, yellow throated mink, civet, golden cat, rabbit, lynx, rock sheep, hyena and impala.

There are 18 bird species: mandarin duck, goshawk, sparrow hawk, common buzzard, Golden Eagle, short toed eagle, grey backed falcon, swallow falcon, yellow claw falcon, Tibetan snow pheasant, blood pheasant, red bellied horned pheasant, blue eared pheasant, spoon chicken, red bellied pheasant, carved owl, grey forest Owl and ghost owl.

There are 18 species of birds and 25 species of mammals endemic to China.

mineral resources

Jiuzhaigou is rich in mineral resources. There are 14 kinds of proven mineral resources, such as gold, ferromanganese, hematite, arsenic, antimony, etc. the dominant minerals are gold, iron, manganese, etc. it is located in the Northwest Sichuan golden triangle, one of the six gold metallogenic belts in China. The prospective reserves of gold are 150 tons. The proven reserves of Manaoke gold, Caoyu gold and shuishengou gold are all more than 20 tons, which are recognized as in-situ gold deposits The Ministry of industry has been listed as the "cross century project" (m15-2 project) and the resource rich area with strategic significance. There are two large deposits, one medium deposit and six small deposits.

population

By the end of 2018, 22583 registered residence households in Jiuzhaigou had 67064 registered residence, including 34164 men and 32900 women. 26075 urban residents, 40989 rural residents, 38.9% household population, 26669 ethnic minorities, and 21838 ethnic minorities and Hui ethnic groups in minority population

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng A Ba Cang Zu Qiang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Jiu Zhai Gou Xian