Futian District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province

Futian District, belonging to Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, is the central city of Shenzhen and the seat of the municipal Party committee and government. It is located in the middle of Shenzhen, connecting Luohu District with Hongling Road in the East, Nanshan District with Qiaocheng East Road and Haiyuan 1st Road in the west, Shenzhen River and Shenzhen Bay across the river from Mai Po and Yuen Long District in the new territories of Hong Kong, and Longhua District with the ridges of baimeishi, danaoke and huangzhuyuan in the north The district is adjacent to Minzhi street.

Futian District, with a total area of 78.8 square kilometers, is mainly composed of the central urban area and the belt economic development area on both sides of Shennan Avenue, as well as some hills, mountains and beaches. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. It is located in the south of tropic of cancer and belongs to the subtropical marine climate zone.

As of 2016, Futian District had 10 streets under its jurisdiction; by the end of 2018, the permanent resident population of Futian District was 1633700.

In September 2018, the "white paper on the development of China's top 100 districts in 2018" was released in Beijing. Guided by high-quality development, the white paper comprehensively evaluated the development of 968 prefecture level cities and districts in China, and quantitatively selected the top 100 districts in 2018 based on statistical data, among which Futian District ranked the third. In November 2018, it was selected as one of the top 100 industrial districts in 2018. In 2019, the GDP will reach 454.65 billion yuan, 7.2% higher than that of the previous year;

Evolution of organizational system

As for the origin of the name "Futian", there are two versions. One is derived from the Song Dynasty's word "mountains and lakes embrace happiness, and fields produce Splendor"; the other is derived from the third year of emperor Guangzong of Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1192). According to historical records, Huangxi, the fourth son of huangjintang, the ancestor of Shangsha village, built a village at the southern foot of songziling to reclaim wasteland and land, so it is called "tingtian", Later homonym for "Futian", which means "blessed in the field.".

The pre Qin period belongs to Baiyue. In 214 B.C., after Qin Shihuang pacified Lingnan, he set up three counties: "Guilin, Xiang and Nanhai"; Futian belonged to Nanhai county.

Futian area has always been Baoan (Xin'an) county. In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Xin'an County, which was the capital of urban and rural areas. In the Qing Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the official wealth Department of Xin'an County.

From the period of the Republic of China to the early liberation, Futian belonged to Shatou Township, the Second District of Bao'an county.

In October 1958, the people's commune system was implemented in Bao'an county. Futian successively belonged to Nantianmen commune, Fucheng commune, Shatou community and Futian commune.

In March 1979, Bao'an county was changed into Shenzhen city. In April of the same year, Luohu District was established, which governed Futian and Fucheng communes.

In August 1980, Shenzhen, Shatoujiao, Fucheng, Futian, Nantou, Shekou and Yantian communes were designated as Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.

In October 1981, Luohu District government was established, and Futian commune was divided into Futian and Nanyuan offices.

In June 1983, four offices, namely Luohu, Shangbu, Nantou and Shatoujiao, were set up in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as county-level offices dispatched by the municipal government. Shangbu District Office has jurisdiction over the area from the west of Hongling Road to the east of chegongmiao, including Shangbu and Futian sub district offices, which are located in Futian. In October of the same year, Shangbu district set up five streets: Yuanling, Nanyuan, Futian, Shatou and Meilin.

In March 1985, Shangbu District Office was renamed "Shangbu administrative district of Shenzhen Municipal People's government", which has jurisdiction over 5 offices, 25 neighborhood committees, 14 village committees and 45 natural villages, including Futian, Nanyuan, Shatou, Yuanling and Meilin.

In May 1989, two streets, Huafu and Xiangmihu, were added to Shangbu management area.

In October 1990, with the approval of the State Council, Futian District, Luohu District and Nanshan District (county-level system) were established in Shenzhen.

In June 1998, the district Party committee and the District People's government officially moved from Shennan middle road to the district Party committee building at 123 Fumin road.

geographical environment

Location context

Futian is located in the central and southern part of Shenzhen, the former special economic zone. It is between 113 ° 59 ′～ 114 ° 06 ′ E and 22 ° 30 ′～ 22 ° 36 ′ n. it connects Luohu District with Hongling Road in the East, Nanshan District with Qiaocheng East Road and Haiyuan 1st Road in the West, Shenzhen River and Shenzhen Bay in the south, across the river from Mai Po and Yuen Long in the new territories of Hong Kong, and baimeishi, danaoke and huangzhuyuan mountains in the north The ridge is adjacent to Minzhi street in Longhua New District, with a total area of 78.66 square kilometers (about 4% of the total area of the city).

geology

The oldest stratum exposed in Futian district is the Proterozoic Mesoproterozoic Changchengian hubeishan migmatite (CHH) distributed in the northern Meilin Bijiashan line. It is mainly composed of migmatized metasandstone, granulite, quartzite, schist, gneiss, banded migmatite, streak migmatite, eyeball migmatite and migmatite.

topographic features

The total area of Futian district is 78.8 square kilometers, which is mainly composed of 24 square kilometers of central urban area, belt economic development area on both sides of Shennan Avenue, and some hills, mountains and beaches.

The terrain of Futian district is high in the north and low in the south. The highest point is located in Meiling in the northwest of the District, with an elevation of 362.7m; the lowest point is located near Shazui in the south, with an elevation of 3.0m. The ridge is distributed on the northwest and North boundaries. The main river is Shenzhen River, which originates from the foot of Wutong Mountain in Luohu. It flows to Futian District from the deer Village and flows from the east to the west along the southern boundary to the Shenzhen Bay in the southwest of Futian Bonded Area.

The main geomorphic type is hills (the elevation is more than 80 meters). The area accounts for about 15% of the total area of the region, which is distributed in the northwest and northern regions. The slope gradient is generally between 10 ° and 25 ° and the steepest can reach 40 ° or so. Most of the area is located in the piedmont of low hills and the gentle slope on both sides of the middle and lower reaches of the valley, and has a significant platform shape. It can be roughly divided into three levels: high platform elevation is 60-80 meters, slope > 12 degrees; middle platform elevation is 30-50 meters, slope 6-12 degrees; low platform elevation is 10-15 meters, slope < 6 degrees. Most of the platform is granite of baishigang unit, with red weathering layer developed on the surface. The river valley under the platform is fluvial landform, including alluvial plain and river terrace; the coastal area of Shenzhen Bay is mainly marine mudflat, mainly composed of silt, which is suitable for mangrove growth.

climate

Futian district is located in the south of Tropic of cancer. It is a subtropical marine climate zone with mild climate and abundant sunshine. Summer lasts for six months, and the climate is warmer in spring, autumn and winter. The annual average temperature is 24 ℃, the maximum temperature is 36.6 ℃, the minimum temperature is 1.4 ℃, the annual sunshine hours are 2120 hours, and the average annual rainfall is 1948 mm.

The rainy season is from April to September in Futian District, accounting for 84% of the whole year's rainfall, which is mainly affected by the frontal trough, tropical cyclone and monsoon low pressure, with southeast wind prevailing and hot and rainy; the dry season is from January to March and from October to December, with northeast wind prevailing and dry and rainy, which is mainly affected by the weather system of westerly belt in middle and high latitudes. Futian has more sunshine hours in four seasons of the year, and the solar radiation is rich in Guangdong.

soil

According to the statistics in 1983, the soil in Futian district is divided into 10 soil types, 15 sub types, 34 soil genera and 72 soil species. Among them, 63 soil species (genera) are transferred to the 1:50000 soil map (38 paddy fields, 7 dry lands and 18 natural soils).

According to the data statistics in 1983, the total area of paddy soil in Futian district is 377205 mu, accounting for 16.7% of the total land area in Futian District, which is divided into six sub categories. Yellow soil is mainly distributed in the top of Bijia mountain, red soil is mainly distributed in Bijia mountain, and red loam is mainly distributed in low hills, hills and hillsides. It is the natural soil with the largest area, the widest distribution, the strongest productivity and greater utilization potential in the region. Garden soil is scattered in all parts of the region, mainly concentrated in the agricultural center. Tidal sand soil is mainly distributed on both sides of the river, and coastal saline swamp soil is mainly distributed in mangrove coastal area. Swamp soil is scattered in mangrove wetland. Stone soil is scattered in most areas of the region.

hydrology

There are seven rivers in Futian District, with a total area of 62.6 square kilometers. Among them, Futian River, Xinzhou River and Fengtang River have more than 10 square kilometers of rainwater collection area. The rivers in the area belong to Shenzhen Bay water system and Shenzhen River Basin.

Shenzhen Bay water system (or bay water system): Xinzhou River, Fengtang River and Xiaosha River directly flow into the sea area of Shenzhen Bay, belonging to the river entering the sea; tianshuikeng River, sandaoqu River, Longjing River, Liantang River and Xiangmao River belong to the primary tributaries of Fengtang River, with the length of 1.00 km, 2.90 km, 2.66 km and 1.40 km respectively.

Shenzhen River Basin: including Shenzhen River, Futian River, Huanggang River and Bijiashan River, among which Shenzhen River is the main stream, Futian River and Huanggang River are the primary tributaries, and Bijiashan river is the secondary tributaries.

natural resources

mineral resources

According to the information on the website of Futian District Government in 2017, there are not many kinds of minerals in Futian District, with small reserves. Except for stone and mineral water, most of them have no industrial exploitation value. The dominant minerals are stone and mineral water.

Clay mine: clay mine can be divided into river alluvial clay mine and weathering residual clay mine. The fluvial alluvial clay deposit occurs in xiameilin.

Stone mine: mainly building stone (granite), Futian stone mine is widely distributed, the main quarry are antuoshan quarry and Dalingshan Shenkang quarry.

Mineral water: there are No.1 well and No.2 well in Futian shangbuling.

land resource

According to the website information of Futian District Government in 2017, 58.52 square kilometers of construction land can be used in cities under the jurisdiction of Futian District, accounting for 74.26% of the total area of the district. Land use in 2003: 57.73 square kilometers of construction land, including 50.79 square kilometers of residential and industrial land, 5.96 square kilometers of transportation land and 0.98 square kilometers of water conservancy facilities land

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