Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County, Chengde City, Hebei Province

Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County is an Autonomous County under the jurisdiction of Chengde City, Hebei Province. Kuancheng, named after kuanheyi in Yuan Dynasty and kuanhecheng in Ming Dynasty, was established in 1963. Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County was established in 1989. It is located in the northeast of Hebei Province, Southeast of Chengde City, bordering Lingyuan City of Liaoning Province and Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County of Qinhuangdao City in the East, Xinglong County in the west, Pingquan city and Chengde County in the north, and Tangshan city across the Great Wall in the south. The county covers an area of 1952 square kilometers. The county has jurisdiction over 10 towns and 8 townships.

Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County has four major landscapes in the "eight scenery outside the mouth" of the Qing Dynasty, including Dushan snow, wanta Huangya, dumuxian bridge and fish scales stacked brocade. Panlong lake is a national scenic spot, Dushan is a provincial nature reserve, Qianhe Valley is a provincial Bird Nature Reserve, and wanta Huangya temple is a holy land of Han Buddhism in Liao and Jin Dynasties.

In 2013, the GDP of Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County was 2180094 million yuan, which was rated as the only economic development advanced county in Hebei Province in Chengde City, known as the "hometown of Chinese chestnut" and "hometown of Hebei silkworm".

In July 2020, the National Patriotic Health Association confirmed Kuancheng as the national health county in 2019.

Evolution of organizational system

Kuancheng was under the jurisdiction of youbeiping County in Qin and Han Dynasties, Liaoxi County in Sui Dynasty, raoledu Prefecture in Tang Dynasty, and qianhusuo of kuanhe Prefecture in Ming Dynasty. Kuancheng was occupied by Japanese army in 1933 and became the last territory of Manchuria. Kuancheng county was established in 1963 and Manchu Autonomous County was established in 1989 with the approval of the State Council.

administrative division

In 2018, Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County governs 10 towns and 8 townships, including Kuancheng Town, longxumen Town, Yuerya Town, Bancheng Town, tangdaohe Town, bolotai Town, nianziyu Town, liangjiatai Town, huapiliuzi Town, Songling Town, Tashan Town, mengziling Town, dushigou Town, Huajian Town, donghuanghuachuan Town, Weizigou Town, dazigoumen town and dashizhu town.

Population nationality

In 2016, the total population of Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County was 250304. There are 14 ethnic groups in the county, and the ethnic minorities account for 73.5% of the total population, of which the Manchu population accounts for 66.5%, and the remaining 13 ethnic minorities account for 7.0%. It is a typical ethnic county and immigrant County in Hebei Province.

natural environment

Location context

Kuancheng is located in the northeast of Hebei Province, Southeast of Chengde City, near Beijing and Tianjin in the West and Bohai Sea in the East. The geographical location is between 40 degrees 17 minutes to 40 degrees 45 minutes north latitude and 118 degrees 10 minutes to 119 degrees 10 minutes east longitude. The county is 240 kilometers away from Beijing, 260 kilometers away from Tianjin and 80 kilometers away from Chengde.

topographic features

Kuancheng is located in the eastern part of the Yanshan Mountains. The whole county has a natural terrain, with an average altitude of 300-400 meters, with Dushan at an altitude of 1846 meters as the highest point.

soil

The soil texture of Kuancheng is loose, and the pH value is in the range of 6.5-7.5, mainly brown soil and cinnamon soil.

climate

Kuancheng county belongs to the warm temperate semi-arid and semi humid continental monsoon Yanshan mountain climate, which is characterized by four distinct seasons, hot and rainy in the same season, hot and rainy in summer, moderate cold and warm in spring, clear air in autumn, cold and less snow in winter. The annual average temperature is 8.6 ℃, the frost free period is 150-175 days, the light is sufficient, and the temperature difference between day and night is large.

hydrology

There are many rivers in Kuancheng County, with waterfall river, Luanhe River, Qinglong River and Changhe River as the main stream, running through the whole county, with a total drainage area of 66452.1 hectares, accounting for 34% of the total area of the county.

natural resources

mineral resources

There are 35 kinds of mineral resources in Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County, including gold, iron, coal, kaolin and so on. As of 2013, there are 16 kinds of mineral resources with proven reserves, 15 kinds of mineral resources for development and utilization, and 30 tons of proven gold reserves, mainly distributed in Yuerya and Huajian. Iron ore reserves are 2.8 billion tons, including 2.639 billion tons of vanadium titanium ore, mainly distributed in Gushanzi xiaoxindian and liangjiatai Dongchuan, accounting for more than 35% of the total reserves in Chengde City, with an average grade of 18%; high quality limestone (cement, ash making and flux limestone) is 1 billion tons, with CaO content of 48-51%, mainly distributed in laoliangzi of longxumen; dolomite is 300 million tons, mainly distributed under willows of longxumen; coal is 257 million tons It is mainly distributed in mengziling Bancheng area, with more than 300 million cubic meters of ceramsite shale (720 million tons), 75000 tons of fluorite, 545000 tons of feldspar, 897000 tons of diopside, 105000 tons of quartz for glass and 105000 tons of quartz for glass The kaolin is 1028000 tons, mainly distributed in Huapi.

Forest resources

By the end of 2010, Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County had 1.8 million mu of woodland, 2.7 million cubic meters of standing trees and 62% of forest coverage.

Biological resources

By the end of 2010, there were more than 750 kinds of wild animals and plants in Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County. Wild animals include leopard, Qingyang, badger, pheasant, fox, roe deer, etc., and wild plants include almond, jujube, mushroom, kiwi and Vitis amurensis.

water resource

By the end of 2010, the average annual runoff of rivers in Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County was 307 million cubic meters. The groundwater quality is good, and it was tested as class III standard in the quality standard for groundwater (GB / t14848-93) in 2013, which can meet the standards and demands of industrial, agricultural and domestic water. The water supply of the whole county is 39.3 million cubic meters.

Economic and social

Completion of main indicators of national economic and social development in 2013

Note: 1. Part of the data published in the communique is the number reported by the local government, and the GDP is the preliminary accounting number.

2. The absolute value of GDP, industrial added value and output value in the communique is calculated according to the current price, and the growth rate is calculated according to the comparable price.

3. The growth rates of the indicators involved in the Communique are all of the same caliber.

4. Some data in the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parts of the Communique are provided by the relevant departments of the local government.

traffic

Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County is located at the junction of Chengde City, Qinhuangdao City, Tangshan City and Chaoyang City of Liaoning Province. It is located in the hinterland of Bohai rim and Beijing Tianjin economic circle. Chengqin Sea Road, Beiling Road, pingqingle road and pingtie road are connected vertically and horizontally; Chengqin expressway runs through, and after Beijing Kuancheng bus operation, Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County is integrated into the 1-3 hour traffic circle of Beijing Tianjin Chengtang Qin and other large and medium-sized cities.

By the end of 2008, the total mileage of highways in Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County had reached 1259.88 km (7.323 km of first-class highways, 117.061 km of second-class highways, 213.403 km of third-class highways, 952.313 km of fourth-class highways and 4.103 km of substandard highways). The highway density was 64.54 km / 100 square kilometers, with pavement mileage of 915.503 km and without pavement of 344.377 km. There are 5 provincial-level highways 176.141 km, 4 county-level highways 198.958 km, 18 township level highways 276.508 km, 208 village level roads 616.262 km; there are 7178.92 M / 92 large and medium bridges, 1552 small bridges and culverts, and 14 tunnels 3269.8 M / 14. The county has 18 townships, 205 administrative villages, and 202 administrative villages. The oil (cement) road accessibility rate has reached 98.5%. The county has basically formed a "six vertical and four horizontal" county transportation network with the county as the center, trunk roads as the main skeleton, county and township roads as the branch skeleton, and village level roads as the context.

In 2013, Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County had one national first-class bus station and five rural simple bus stations. There are 1715 operational trucks in the county, with an annual freight capacity of 434.16 million tons, basically meeting the freight demand of the whole county; there are 138 passenger cars, which reach 13 surrounding counties, 18 townships, 98% administrative villages; and there are 171 taxis.

Travel

The natural and cultural landscapes of Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County include the Han Buddhism site "wanta Huangya Temple" in Liao and Jin Dynasties and the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. Panlong lake formed by the impoundment of Panjiakou Reservoir, a water conservancy and hydropower project in North China, is known as "Guilin beyond the Great Wall". Dushan, the second main peak in the east of Yanshan, has many rare flowers and trees, such as Magnolia tiannu. Qianheshan is a provincial Bird Nature Reserve, Xifeng Mouth is the birthplace of Dadao March. Wangchanggou used to be the Anti Japanese War command center in eastern and Southern Hebei. Wanta Huangya temple is a temple built for nomadic people's worship of settled people. It is the only place for Chinese Buddhism activities in Chengde except for the Tibetan Buddhism activities in Dafosi temple. Other scenic spots include the qinghekou and baohekou scenic spots, the Xiantai mountain scenic spot, and the fish scale mountain scenic spot.

Customs and customs

Intangible cultural heritage

"Kuancheng Beigan", commonly known as "Beige", began in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. It is famous for its excellent props, exquisite techniques and unique techniques. In 2008, it was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage.

"Kuancheng back bar" is divided into single frame, double frame and three frames. During the performance, an adult man carries several twisted children. The whole back bar is 3-4 meters high, with an average weight of about 27 kg. A good back hand can carry more than 200 kg at most, carrying three or four twisted children.

"Kuancheng Beigan" is a combination of classical opera and folk art, which is based on classical drama. The production of props is exquisite, and the binding of upper and lower corners is extremely exquisite. The upper and lower corners are all traditional opera costumes, and many props are handed down from ancestors.

"Kuancheng back pole" is a grand scene, with two pairs of dragon and Phoenix flags and a pair of yellow gongs and umbrella heads

Chinese PinYin : He Bei Sheng Cheng De Shi Kuan Cheng Man Zu Zi Zhi Xian