Tianmen City, a county-level administrative region directly under the central government of Hubei Province

Tianmen Tianmen City is a county-level city directly under the central government of Hubei Province (also known as the city directly under the jurisdiction of Hubei Province). It is a member of Wuhan city circle, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration, and the main node city in the Hanjiang River Basin. It is located in the central and southern part of Hubei Province, in the north of Jianghan Plain, to Dahongshan in the north, to Hanjiang River in the south, and to Wuhan in the East. In 1994, the State Council approved the implementation of direct provincial administration in Tianmen City. By 2019, the city has a total area of 2622 square kilometers and a permanent resident population of 1247400.

Tianmen, formerly known as jingling, has a history of more than 2000 years. It is the hometown of historical and cultural celebrities Lu Yu and PI Rixiu. Shijiahe site is the center of prehistoric civilization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with a history of 5900 years. Tianmen is the birthplace of steamed food culture and the hometown of steamed food in China; it is the hometown of famous number one scholar and the largest hometown of overseas Chinese in mainland China. A large number of outstanding Tianshang represented by Chen Dongsheng were born, with 280000 overseas Chinese all over the world; it has won the national health city, National Forest City, national top 100 counties, national top 100 counties in comprehensive development, national top 100 counties in economy and national top 100 counties in economy China's top 100 industrial cities, China's top 100 manufacturing cities, etc.

Tianmen is 90km away from Wuhan City in the East. It is the bridgehead of Wuhan in the west direction. Two national expressways and 13 national and provincial trunk roads pass through. Shanghai Hanrong railway in China's "four vertical and four horizontal" and high-speed railway along the Yangtze River in "eight vertical and eight horizontal" have transit stations. Tianmen north station is set in the main urban area of the high-speed railway along the Yangtze River.

In December 2018, the population development plan of Hubei Province (2018-2030) listed Tianmen as one of the 10 large and medium-sized cities in Hubei Province.

Historical evolution

ancient

Tianmen is named after Tianmen Mountain in Northwest China. As early as in the late primitive society, there was human reproduction on this land. Located in the northern suburb of Tianmen, Shijiahe site is not only a super large city site in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, but also the political center of the whole region at that time. Archaeological data show that, with Shijiahe site as the center, there are 15 city sites in Hubei Province, such as Tianmen Shijiahe, Tianmen longzui, Shishou Zoumaling, Gongan Qinghe City, most of which are about 4000 or 5000 years ago. During this period, Shijiahe, the central settlement, further integrated culture and resources, led the development of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and became an important area for the origin of Chinese civilization, and built a splendid Chinese civilization together with the culture of the Yellow River Basin.

Tianmen City used to be the second and third level administrative region for a long time in history. Since the founding of Jingling County in the Qin Dynasty, Tianmen has a history of more than 2000 years. From the first year of Jianyuan (479) of the Southern Qi Dynasty to the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), Tianmen has been a county (prefecture, special office) for seven times, more than 500 years.

Tianmen belonged to Feng state in ancient times, Yun state in spring and Autumn period, and jingling city of Chu state in Warring States period. In the Qin Dynasty, jingling county was set up (meaning "jingling people, jingling people of the mausoleum", that is, the mausoleum ended here), belonging to Nanjun.

In the Western Han Dynasty, jingling county was subordinate to Jiangxia county. In the new dynasty, Wang Mang renamed jingling County Shouping county. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed jingling county.

During the Three Kingdoms period, jingling county was under the jurisdiction of Jiangxia County, Jingzhou, Wu state.

In the ninth year of Yuankang in the Western Jin Dynasty (299), jingling County belonged to jingling County, and the county was governed by Shicheng (now Zhongxiang City). In the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xiaocheng county was set up in Jingling county.

In 454, jingling County belonged to jingling County of Yingzhou. In the first year of Jianyuan (479), the Southern Qi Dynasty moved to jingling county. In the first year of Nanliang Dabao (550), jingling county was merged into Xiaocheng County, which still belonged to jingling County of Yingzhou. In the first year of Baoding in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (561), Xiaocheng county was changed back to jingling county.

In the third year of kaihuang (583), the county system was abolished and the system of prefecture and county was implemented. Jingling county was under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou, and jingling was set up in the state. In the third year of Renshou (603), Fu Zhou moved to Jianxing county (Mianyang). At the beginning of Daye, the prefectures were changed into counties, and the prefectures were changed into Mianyang counties. Jingling County belonged to Mianyang counties.

In 622, Mianyang county was changed to Fuzhou, and the prefecture government moved to jingling county. Zhenguan seven years (633 years) state governance and moved to Mianyang, is Shannandao. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Fuzhou was changed into jingling County, under the jurisdiction of Shannan Dongdao. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), it was also called Fuzhou. In the second year of Baoying (763), Zhou Zhi moved to jingling again.

During the Five Dynasties, jingling county has always been the seat of the state (county). In the first year of Tianfu in the later Jin Dynasty (936), jingling county was changed to jingling County in order to avoid the stone and respect Tang. Tianfu five years, Zhili defense Prefecture set up jingling county. In the later Han Dynasty, it was renamed jingling county.

In the third year of Jianlong (962) of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Zhao Kuangyin's grandfather, jingling county was changed to jingling County, which was under the jurisdiction of Hubei lufuzhou. Xining six years (1073) abolished the restoration of the state, jingling county is Jinghu North Road Anzhou (state governance set up today's Anlu City, Hubei Province). Yuanyou first year (1086) to restore the state system, the state set up jingling county. In the fourth year of Jianyan (1130) of the Southern Song Dynasty, De'an Fu, Fu Zhou and Hanyang military envoys were set up in Jingling. In the third year of Shaoxing (1133), a pacifier on jingling Hubei road was set up. Duanping three years (1236), Jinghu North Road pacifier moved to Mianyang. As the Mongol army moved southward, the prefectures and counties moved to Mianyang with them, and moved back frequently.

In the Yuan Dynasty, jingling county was under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou, Fuzhou Road and Mianyang Prefecture.

In the early Ming Dynasty, jingling county was called jinglingwei. Hongwu three years (1370), the withdrawal of Wei County, under Mianyang. In the ninth year of Hongwu, the government was changed into a prefecture, which was directly under the administration of Huguang Prefecture, and jingling county was under the jurisdiction of Mianyang Prefecture. In 1531, Mianyang was transferred to chengtianfu (now Zhongxiang City), and jingling county was also transferred to Mianyang. During the reign of Tianqi, jingling county was directly under the jurisdiction of chengtianfu.

In the Qing Dynasty, jingling County belonged to Anlu Prefecture of Hubei Province. In 1726, jingling county was changed to Tianmen County in order to avoid the name of Kangxi Mausoleum (jingling), which was named after Tianmen Mountain in the northwest of the county.

modern

In the early Republic of China, Tianmen county was under the jurisdiction of Xiangyang Road, Hubei Province. In 1928, Tianmen county was directly under the provincial government. In 1933, it was under the jurisdiction of the sixth administrative supervision district of Hubei Province. The office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision set up Tianmen county.

In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), it was changed into the third administrative supervision district, and the office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision was set up in suixian county (now Suizhou City), until the liberation of Tianmen County on September 24, 1948.

In January 1938, the Communist Party of China led the Tianmen people in the Anti Japanese War, and established Tianhan county and tianjingqian County in the East, West, south of the county and the border area of neighboring counties. In 1948, it belonged to the Hubei Technical Secondary School of Jianghan administrative office.

In May 1949, the people's Government of Hubei Province was established. On the 25th of the same month, Qianxian and Tianhan counties in Tianjing were abolished, and the organizational system of Tianmen county was restored. In July of the same year, it was transferred to Jingzhou District of Hubei Province.

modern

After the founding of new China, Tianmen county was under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou District, which was renamed Jingzhou District in 1970.

On August 3, 1987, the State Council approved the abolition of Tianmen county and the establishment of Tianmen City (county level). The Administrative Region under the jurisdiction of the former Tianmen county is still the administrative region of Tianmen City, which is still under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou District, Hubei Province.

On October 24, 1994, with the approval of the State Council, the people's Government of Hubei Province issued document ezhengfa [1994] No. 143, which decided to put Tianmen City, Qianjiang City and Xiantao City under the direct jurisdiction of the province. So far, Tianmen City has become one of the first three directly managed cities (Tian, Xian and Qian) in China (Suizhou was established as a directly managed city on November 5, 1994 and upgraded to prefecture level city in August 2000). Tianmen City is now a county-level administrative unit directly under the central government of the province, with the administrative authority of prefecture level cities.

In 2002, the people's Government of Hubei province brought Tianmen City into Wuhan city circle.

administrative division

Division evolution

From the first year of Jianyuan (479 AD) of the Southern Qi Dynasty, through Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Northern Song and Southern Song, to the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936 AD), Tianmen county (prefecture, special office) has been in charge for seven times, more than 500 years. The area of ancient jingling is vast, including the whole area to the north of the Yangtze River in Jingzhou, to the east of Shicheng and to the west of Jiangxia. From Han, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties to Qiande of Northern Song Dynasty, jingling county has been divided into zhiyundu, Xiaocheng, Changshou, Jiaoling and other counties in more than 1100 years.

In June 1950, maozui District, south of Hanjiang River in Tianmen County, was designated as Mianyang county. At the same time, Xianbei and other places to the north of Hanjiang River in Mianyang county are included in Tianmen county. In July 1955, Zhanggang to the north of Hanjiang River in Qianjiang County, Duobao and Tuoshi in Jingshan County were included in Tianmen county. In November 1996, Jianghu farm returned to Tianmen. In August 2001, the total houchenhu base (Tianmen part) was transferred to Tianmen, forming the present environment.

In 2001, institutional reform was carried out. Lichang town and Zaoshi town were merged into Zaoshi Town, Luyu office and jingling office were merged into jingling office, Xinyan Township and houkou office were merged into houkou office, and Chenhu ecological forestry science and technology demonstration zone was set up. Tianmen Industrial Park was set up in 2002.

In November 2016, the Department of civil affairs of Hubei Province pointed out in the reply on the renaming of Shihe town in Tianmen City to Shijiahe town that with the approval of the provincial government, it is agreed that Shihe town in Tianmen City will be renamed to Shijiahe Town, and its administrative region and the resident of the town people's government will remain unchanged.

As of the end of 2016, Tianmen City is directly under the jurisdiction of Hubei Province, with the administrative authority of prefecture level city. The city governs jingling, Yanglin and houkou (Tianmen gaoxinyuan), 21 towns including yuekou, Zaoshi and Shijiahe, 1 Township in Jingtan, state-owned Jianghu farm, baimaohu cotton seed farm and Chenhu agricultural comprehensive demonstration zone. whole

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng Sheng Zhi Xia Xian Ji Hang Zheng Qu Hua Tian Men Shi