Enshi City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province

Enshi City, the capital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province, is located in the southwest of Hubei Province, the north of Wuling Mountain and the middle and upper reaches of Qingjiang River, with a total area of 3971.58 square kilometers. The registered residence population of Enshi has 809 thousand and 200 people, including 45 ethnic groups, 44 of which are mainly Tujia, Miao and Dong nationalities. The minority population accounts for 41.12% of the total population. As of 2018, Enshi City has three streets, five towns, eight townships and one management office. The municipal government is located at No. 23, Shifu Road, xiaoduchuan street.

Wu Yongan three years (260 years), home Shaqu County, Li Jingzhou. On January 4, 1984, cities and counties merged. Enshi City is located at the end of the second step of China's terrain and the eastern extension of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. It is high in the northwest and Southeast and low in the middle, with the strike of northeast southwest longitudinal fracture zone. The main rivers are Qingjiang River, daishui River and cheba river. Enshi City has a mid latitude subtropical climate, with no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer, showing the zonation of vertical climate and the particularity of local climate.

Enshi is an excellent tourism city in China, one of the nine famous historical and cultural cities in Hubei Province, one of the first batch of national tourism demonstration areas, revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area, the most beautiful county in China, and comprehensive demonstration county of e-commerce into rural areas. In April 2020, the people's Government of Hubei Province approved Enshi City to withdraw from the poverty-stricken counties.

In 2019, Enshi's GDP will be 37.952 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP will be 48516 yuan. The added value of the primary industry is 3.075 billion yuan, that of the secondary industry is 15.238 billion yuan, and that of the tertiary industry is 19.639 billion yuan. The three industrial structures were adjusted from 8.4:41.6:50.0 in 2018 to 8.1:40.2:51.7.

History of construction

Enshi was the junction of Jingzhou and Liangzhou in ancient times.

In the spring and Autumn period, it was the border of Ba, and in the Warring States period, it belonged to Chu Wu Prefecture.

Qin belongs to Qianzhong county.

Han Dynasty belongs to the south of Wuxian County in Nanjun County, subordinate to Jingzhou.

Enshi county was founded in the third year of Wu Yong'an (260 years). It was established as Shaqu county and subordinate to Jingzhou.

In the first year of Taikang (280), Shaqu county was changed into Jianping County. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, song and Qi followed.

In the second year of Jiande (573) of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Shaqu county was built with the administrative offices of Shizhou and Qingjiang County, which were divided into two counties: wufei and Yanshui. Wufei belonged to Shizhou, and Yanshui belonged to Tingzhou and Zitian county.

At the beginning of kaihuang in Sui Dynasty, Qingjiang and Zitian counties were abandoned and wufei county was changed into Kaiyi county. Kaihuang five years (585), Shaqu county to Qingjiang County, Li Jingzhou manager. In the second year of Yining (618), Qingjiang county was abolished and Shizhou was restored, leading Qingjiang and Kaiyi counties.

At the beginning of Wude in Tang Dynasty, Jiangzhou was set up, which belonged to Yanshui county. Wude four years (621), waste salt water county, into Qingjiang county. In the first year of Zhenguan of Tang Dynasty (627), Qingjiang County belonged to Jiangnan Road. In the first year of Linde (664), Kaiyi county was abandoned to Qingjiang County, where Shizhou was located. In 733, Qingjiang County belonged to Qianzhong road. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Shizhou was changed into Qinghua county.

The Five Dynasties belonged to Shu and the Song Dynasty to Shizhou.

Yuan to Yuan 15 years (1278), Li Kuizhou Road office. In the 22nd year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1285), he entered Sichuan Province by Qingjiang River.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Hongwu ruled Shizhou. In 1381, Enshi county was subordinate to the military and civilian Command Department of Shizhou Prefecture. It was the capital Department of Sichuan and later changed to the capital Department of Huguang.

In the early Qing Dynasty, according to the Ming system, it belonged to Jingzhou Prefecture, Hubei Province. Yongzheng six years (1728) cut Shi Zhou Wei, changed to Enshi County, under the Guizhou. In 1735, Enshi county was subordinate to Shinan Prefecture. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Enshi county was set up in the original territory as the attached Guoshou county.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Enshi county was directly under the jurisdiction of Hubei Province.

In 1915, Enshi County belonged to Jingnan road.

In 1926, Enshi County returned to shihedao and became the center of shihedao.

In 1927, Daocun county was abolished.

In 1928, the western Hubei administrative region was established, and Enshi county was the administrative center.

In 1932, Enshi county was under the jurisdiction of the tenth administrative supervision district of Hubei Province.

In 1936, the tenth administrative supervision district was changed to the seventh administrative supervision district, and Enshi county to Fuguo county.

During the Anti Japanese War, Wuhan was occupied by the Japanese, Hubei provincial government moved to Enshi for nearly eight years, Enshi became the temporary capital of Hubei Province.

In 1949, Enshi county established Enshi County People's government as the seat of Enshi regional administrative office.

In November 1981, the State Council approved the establishment of Enshi City (county level).

On April 30, 1982, Enshi City was officially established.

On August 19, 1983, the State Council approved the abolition of Enshi county and its incorporation into Enshi City.

On December 1, 1983, Enshi Prefecture was renamed the Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Western Hubei.

On January 4, 1984, Enshi City and Enshi County merged.

In April 1993, the Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Western Hubei changed its name to Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. Enshi City is the capital of the Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

Division evolution

In March 1950, mast, laterite, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Maoba areas were added in Enshi county.

In May 1951, Enshi county established the first district (Qili) and the second district (Hongmiao), and Chengguan District was changed into Chengguan town.

In March 1952, the Maoba district and the second district (Hongmiao) of Enshi county were abolished, and Sancha, Ji'an, Shasha, Taiyang, Mugong and Baiguo districts were newly built. The whole county has 16 districts and 1 town.

In April 1953, Enshi County abolished Ji'an district and Qili district and built a new Baiyang district. The District People's government changed its name to the district office.

In December 1954, the Cunninghamia lanceolata area was abolished in Enshi county.

In 1956, Enshi County abolished the sand area and the solar area.

In August 1957, the sandy land and solar area were restored in Enshi county.

In September 1966, Enshi County abolished Longfeng District and incorporated it into lighthouse district,

In September 1981, Yaque commune was renamed as cuiba commune, Baiyangping commune, Daji commune as Shengjiaba commune, and Chengguan town as Shinan town.

In April 1982, Enshi City was divided into four groups, namely, shi'nan Town, Hongmiao commune and Qili commune, namely, Qili, maoercao, yayatang and xijuexi. Three streets, wuyangba, liujiaoting and xiaoduchuan, and Hongmiao people's commune were set up.

In October 1985, Yaque district was merged into cuijiaba town.

In March 1989, Enshi City designated four townships of lime kiln, qishuping, longjiaoba and dahegou in laterite district to set up lime kiln area.

In November 1992, Enshi Hongmiao economic development zone was established in Enshi City, with Hongmiao town in Hongmiao District, JINZI Township and guantian under the State Agricultural Science Institute as the Development Zone, directly under the management of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture. Hongmiao district was abolished, and its Qifeng township was designated as xiaoduchuan street, while gaoqiaoba and toudaoshui Township were designated as liujiaoting street.

On November 19, 1996, Enshi City designated Ganxi, Mitian and Tianqiao townships in Bajiao district as Huangnitang Dong township.

In January 1997, Enshi City removed the district to build a township, and the district office was renamed the township government.

In March 2001, Shuanghe township was incorporated into Xintang Township, shihuiyao Township into Hongtu Township, Qiliping Township Maoba management area into Sancha Town, yayatang and Hetaoba management areas into wuyangba street, and Longma Township Chashan management area into Taiyanghe township.

Longma, zuojiaba, Nianpan, Qingbao and Maozishan management areas are merged into Longfeng Town, Qianshan management area of Mufu township is merged into Banqiao Town, and Damiao, Mufu, Mugong and Gaotai management areas are merged into Tunpu township. Huangnitang Dong township was incorporated into Bajiao Township and renamed Bajiao Dong township.

On December 30, 2019, Shengjiaba will be set up as a town instead of a township.

Zoning details

By 2018, Enshi City has three streets, five towns, eight townships and one management office: wuyangba street, xiaoduchuan street, liujiaoting street, cuijiaba Town, Longfeng Town, Banqiao Town, Baiyangping Town, Sancha Town, Xintang Town, Hongtu Town, Shasha Town, Tunpu Town, Taiyanghe Town, Baiguo Town, Bajiao Dong Town, Shengjiaba town and Enshi Grand Canyon landscape management office. There are 172 administrative villages and 36 communities. The municipal government is located at 23 Shifu Road, xiaoduchuan street.

geographical environment

Location context

Enshi City is located in the southwest of Hubei Province, the north of Wuling Mountain, the middle and upper reaches of Qingjiang River, adjacent to Jianshi County in the East, Lichuan City in the west, Hefeng County, Xuanen county and Xianfeng County in the south, and Fengjie County in Chongqing City in the north. It is between 109 ° 4 ′ 48 ″ - 109 ° 58 ′ 42 ″ E and 29 ° 50 ′ 33 ″ - 30 ° 39 ′ 30 ″ n. It is 86.5 kilometers long from east to west and 90.2 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 3971.58 square kilometers.

topographic features

Enshi City is located in the southwest mountainous area of Hubei Province, which is the end of the second step of Chinese terrain and the eastern extension of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. It is high in the northwest and Southeast and low in the middle, with the strike of northeast southwest longitudinal fracture zone. Sedimentary rocks are widely distributed in the area, with many channels and dams between mountains; karst landform is fully developed, with many karst caves and tiankengs. In the area of Dashan peak, limekiln and Taishanmiao, it is distributed in a small plateau landform.

hydrology

There are 58 rivers available for development and utilization in Enshi City, including Qingjiang River, daishui River, Mashui River, maweigou River, Yunlong River, Taiyang River, Mitian River, Bajiao River, cheba River, etc., with a theoretical hydropower reserve of 756000 kW.

climate

Enshi has a mid latitude subtropical climate, with no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer, showing the zonation of vertical climate and the particularity of local climate. The annual average temperature is about 16 ℃, the annual sunshine hours is 1300 hours, and the relative humidity is 82%

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng En Shi Tu Jia Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou En Shi Shi