Xiayi County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province

Xiayi County Xiayi County, short for Li, was called Liyi in ancient times. It is a county under the jurisdiction of Shangqiu City in Henan Province, known as "the land of Confucius in China". It is located in the east of Henan Province, the junction of Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, Yongcheng and Dangshan counties in the East, Yucheng County in the west, Qiaocheng District of Bozhou City in Anhui Province in the south, Shanxian County of Heze City in Shandong Province in the north, Longhai Railway and Lianhuo Expressway across Xiayi. It is the best investment for the Central Plains region to undertake the industrial transfer of "Yangtze River Delta", "Pearl River Delta" and "Bohai Bay Rim" city.

As of September 2018, Xiayi county has jurisdiction over 24 townships and 731 administrative villages, with a total area of 1481 square kilometers and a total population of 1.2 million.

Xiayi is the ancient capital of China, the birthplace of China and one of the birthplaces of Longshan culture. As early as 5000 years ago in the Neolithic age, human beings lived and multiplied here. It is the capital of Li Lu family and one of the birthplaces of Longshan culture. Xiayi is the main capital of the middle Xia Dynasty. In the Xia and Shang Dynasties, it belonged to the state of Yu after Yushun. In the Qin Dynasty, Li county was set up. In the Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to the state of song. In the Han Dynasty, it belonged to the state of Liang. It was called Xiayi in the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the Late Jin Dynasty, it was renamed Xiayi with the meaning of Huaxia.

Xiayi county is the ancestral home of Confucius and the place where general Peng Xuefeng died for his country. There are Confucius' ancestral hall and general Peng Xuefeng Memorial Hall. Xiayi is a national grain production base, a hometown of edible fungi in China, an export base of castings in China, a famous cotton textile city in China, a well-known textile industry cluster in Henan Province, and a clothing industry base in Henan Province. It is also a famous hometown of longevity in China.

According to preliminary statistics, in 2017, the GDP of Xiayi county was 23.41 billion yuan, an increase of 9%. On May 9, 2019, after the provincial special evaluation and inspection, it reached the standard of getting rid of poverty and officially withdrew from the poverty county sequence.

The origin of county name

Xiayi county is a historical ancient city. There are different folklores about why Xiayi is named. As far back as the Warring States period, it was named Xiayi, because it was located in a low-lying area. In the Jin Dynasty, the Nuzhen people cruelly oppressed and exploited the people in the enemy occupied areas. The peasant uprisings against national oppression in the Central Plains came one after another. It is said that there was a farmer named Liu Huaxia in Liulou village in the north of Xiayi at that time. When he saw the cruel enslavement and killing of the people in the Central Plains by the Jin people, he gathered ten people and raised them to more than 3000 in ten days. Under the leadership of Liu Huaxia, they killed the ruler of Nuzhen nationality, conquered Xiayi County, took Xiayi as a stronghold, and attacked Nuzhen officers and soldiers in all directions. At the same time, in order to express patriotism and national integrity, "Xiayi" was changed to "Xiayi". For more than 700 years, the name of Xiayi has been handed down to the present.

Historical evolution

Pre summer

Xiayi has a long history. The whole area is a Cenozoic quaternary alluvial plain. Some animal fossils, such as ivory, bone swelling antlers, were collected during the well drilling and river harnessing activities. It can be inferred that hundreds of thousands of years ago, the climate here was warm, the forest was dense, the grassland was vast, the marshes were scattered, the animals were numerous, and the natural environment was beautiful. It was an ideal living area for ancient human beings.

As early as four or five thousand years ago, many primitive villages have been built in Xiayi. The unearthed objects from the Neolithic sites such as Qingliangshan and Matou prove that at that time, people had lived a settled life mainly based on agriculture, and the animal husbandry, fishing and hunting, pottery making and textile industry were also quite developed. The discovery of Tao Zu in Matou site is a sign of the stage from matriarchal clan to paternal clan commune.

summer

In the 21st century BC, the Xia Dynasty, the first political power in Chinese history, was established. According to historical records, before that time, the Tang Dynasty was divided into two states. In Yu's time, "the soil and water were both flat, and even more controlled Kyushu.". "Jinghe is only Yuzhou" (Yugong) Xiayi belongs to Yuzhou. However, Yao Dian and Yu Gong were all the works of later generations, which were not recorded at that time. Therefore, the theory of twelve states and nine states can not be regarded as the history of faith.

In October 1988, teachers and students from the Department of Archaeology of Peking University excavated the Qingliangshan site and discovered the Yueshi culture between the Shang culture and the Longshan culture. The Yueshi culture is regarded as Dongyi culture. At that time, Xiayi belonged to Dongyi region. In other words, it is neither the field of Xia nor the birthplace of merchants. In line with the principle of coexistence of multiple theories, the two theories are recorded simultaneously for textual research.

merchant

In the 17th century BC, tangkexia was established in Bo (near Shangqiu today), only a hundred li away from Xiayi. According to the data, it is impossible to point out exactly the administrative division of Shang. According to the five FU system, Xiayi should be the capital of the Shang Dynasty. It is said that sanggu, 25 Li west of the county, is the mulberry forest where Tang prayed for rain. After the liberation of China, the sites of shopping malls were found in the territory with rich connotations. At that time, the social productive forces here had developed greatly.

After pan Geng moved to Yin, it was called Yin in history. At that time, Xiayi was named Li. There are accurate textual research on the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells of the 619th and 608th tablets in the two books, a summary of inscriptions on Yin Ruins and a general compilation of inscriptions on inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells. Chestnut, in today's Henan Xiayi county. This is the earliest name in the record. There are only a few counties with written records more than 1000 BC in China. At that time, the name of "Li" could represent an area and be loaded into oracle bone. Li should not be an ordinary residential settlement, but a gathering place with the scale of a city.

week

In the 11th century B.C., the people of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty. Soon, Wu Geng, the son of King Zhou of Yin, launched a rebellion. The Duke of Zhou made a large-scale eastward expedition and put down the rebellion. After conquering the residual power of Shang Dynasty in the East, the power of Western Zhou Dynasty extended to the lower reaches of the Yellow River. In order to strengthen the control of the East, song Park was established in Shangqiu. Xiayi belongs to the state of song.

In 286 BC, Qi, Chu and Wei united to destroy the Song Dynasty, divided the Song Dynasty into three parts, and Xiayi changed to Chu.

Qin Dynasty

In 221 BC, Qin unified the six states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal dynasty in Chinese history. In order to strengthen the centralization of power, the two-level system of counties and counties was implemented. The whole country was divided into 36 counties. Two counties, Li and Qi (now Yangji area), were set up in Xiayi.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the government was as harsh as a tiger, so a peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang broke out in 209 BC. The rebel army fought back and forth, passing through Xiayi. After Chen Jianguo was named Zhang Chu, Xiayi was once subordinate to Zhang Chu. After the defeat of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, Xiang Yu, Liu Bang and other uprising troops followed. In 208 BC, Qin General Zhang Hanjun went to Li to fight Xiang Liang's other generals Zhu Jishi and Yu fanjun. Xiang's army was defeated and Yu died. Zhu Jishi fled to Huling (now Southeast of Yutai, Shandong). In December 207 B.C., Liu Bang led troops to Li and captured more than 4000 people of Qin Gangwu marquis. He also joined forces with Wei General Huang Xin and Wu Man Army to attack Qin army. As a result of the eight years' War, "people lost their jobs, but they suffered a great famine. Five thousand people ate each other, and more than half of them died."

The Western Han Dynasty

In 202 B.C., Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu, and in Dingtao County, 200 li away from Xiayi, Shuinan was the emperor. His name was Han Dynasty, which was called Western Han Dynasty in history. In the early years, it basically inherited the Qin system, and set up Jianping County in the southwest to build Pingcheng (today's Matou Temple). Li, Qixiang and Jianping all belong to Peijun. Later, in 92 BC (the first year of Zhenghe), Zhao Jingsu, Wang Zile, was granted Marquis Li, and in 86 BC (the first year of Shiyuan), Du Yannian was granted Marquis Jianping. In the first 15 years (the second year of Yongshi), Liang Yi Prince Xian was granted the title of Marquis of Qixiang. Li, Jianping and Qixiang were all Marquis states. The local administrative divisions of the past dynasties can often reflect the degree of development of a certain place. It can be seen that the degree of development of Xiayi was relatively high.

Eastern Han Dynasty

In order to rectify the local administrative divisions in the Eastern Han Dynasty, according to Huiyao of the Eastern Han Dynasty, "the emperor was in the ascendant, but the officials were in trouble. He was ordered to merge ten prefectures and more than 400 counties, cities and Marquises.". Li, Qi Xiang two Hou states are at this time and province. Taking the southern suburb of the present county as the boundary, the southern part belongs to the Marquis state of Jianping of Pei County, Dang county to the East and Xiayi to the north, belonging to the state of Liang.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the state of the former supervision area became a first-class administrative region above the county level, and Pei county and Liang state were both belong to Yuzhou.

three countries

After 190 A.D., the great powers in different places built up bases and built walls to fight against each other. At that time, Cao Cao mobilized the brothers and nephews of Cao Cao and Xiahou (Cao Cao's surname is Xiahou) as the backbone, gathered in Jiwu, and then excavated the tomb of Liu Wu, King Xiao of Liang Dynasty, which was buried in Dangshan, and got ten thousand jin of gold for military pay. At that time, the Xiayi area suffered many wars. In 220, after the establishment of Cao Wei, Xiayi belonged to Wei. According to tan Qiji's historical atlas, Xiayi is divided into the north and the south. In the south, it is the county of Qiaojun. In the north, it is the Xiayi and Dangshan of Liang state. They are all subordinate to Yuzhou.

The Western Jin Dynasty

In 265 ad, the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed the Wei Dynasty and inherited the Wei system. The northern and southern parts of Xiayi belonged to the Qiaoguo county and the Xiayi County of the Liang state. The rulers of Jin Dynasty lived a corrupt and extravagant life, which was known as "the expense of luxury is better than natural disaster". Then the "eight kings rebellion" lasted for 18 years. Then the Central Plains was in chaos. The governor of Yuzhou, zuti, led his division across the river and made an oath to encourage the soldiers. In 314 A.D., he unified his army and occupied Qiaocheng, 25 miles northeast of the city this summer. He won a great victory in the battle, and "the South of the Yellow River is the land of Jin".

The Sixteen States of Wuhu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

In 316 A.D., Liu Yuan, a Hun, overthrew the Western Jin Dynasty and founded the Han Dynasty. Xiayi was owned by the Han Dynasty. At this time, the rulers of all ethnic groups in the Yellow River Basin had a scuffle, forming a situation of split and separatist regime, and Xiayi was trapped in the land seized by many military strategists. In 319 A.D., Liu Yao, Liu Yuan's successor, changed the Han Dynasty to Zhao, which is known as pre Zhao in history. Xiayi belongs to pre Zhao. In 329 ad, shile conquered the former Zhao, and Xiayi returned to the latter Zhao. In 350 A.D., ran min, the adopted son of Shihu (Han nationality), conquered the later Zhao Dynasty and founded the Wei Dynasty. In the following year, Chong, Yu, Xu and Luo of Ran Wei returned to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Xiayi became the territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 352 ad, Murong, a man of Xianbei, captured and killed ran min and destroyed him

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Shang Qiu Shi Xia Yi Xian