Chengdu, Sichuan Province

Chengdu, also known as Rongcheng and Jincheng for short, is the capital of Sichuan Province, a vice provincial city, a mega city and the core city of Chengdu Chongqing dual city economic circle, an important central city in Western China approved by the State Council, an important national high-tech industrial base, trade logistics center and comprehensive transportation hub. As of 2019, the city has 12 municipal districts, 3 counties and 5 county-level cities under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 14335 square kilometers, a built-up area of 949.6 square kilometers, a permanent resident population of 16581000 and an urban population of 12337900, with an urbanization rate of 74.41%.

Chengdu is located in Southwest China, the west of Sichuan Basin and the hinterland of Chengdu Plain, with flat terrain, crisscross river network, rich products and developed agriculture. It has a subtropical monsoon humid climate. It has been known as "the land of abundance" since ancient times. It is the airport station of the western war zone of the Chinese people's Liberation Army. As an important electronic information industry base in the world, it has 30 national scientific research institutions, There are 67 national R & D platforms, 56 universities, and about 3.89 million talents. In 2019, 301 top 500 enterprises will be established.

Chengdu is one of the top ten ancient capitals in China, one of the first batch of national historical and cultural cities, and the birthplace of ancient Shu civilization. Jinsha site in the territory has a history of 3000 years. King Tai of Zhou named Chengdu as "gathering in one year, city in two years and Chengdu in three years". The governments of Shuhan, Chenghan, Qianshu and houshu successively established their capitals here. They have been the prefectures and prefectures of various dynasties. Han is one of the five major cities in China. Tang is one of the most developed industrial and commercial cities in China, historically known as "Yang Yi Er". Northern Song is the second largest city outside Bianjing Yes, the world's first banknote jiaozi was invented. With Dujiangyan, Wuhou Temple, Dufu thatched cottage and other places of interest, it is the best tourist city in China.

The origin of the name

According to the records of Taiping Huanyu, the origin of "Chengdu" is based on the historical process of the establishment of the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Wang Qianqi of the Zhou Dynasty was chosen as his residence in one year and became the capital of Shu in two years and Chengdu in three years. The pronunciation of Chengdu is the capital of Shu. Chengdu means the end of Shu, or the last capital.

Evolution of organizational system

In the early period, it was the place of Baipu. According to the records of Huayang state, "Yueyi county will be the place where Pu lived, and there are tombs of Pu people." "The Chu family in historical records" says: "so (King Wu of Chu) began to open Pu land. In the south of Jianning County, there were Pu Yi. Pu Yi had no president, and they gathered in their own cities, so they were called Bai Pu Ye."

Around the middle of the 5th century B.C. (367 B.C.), the Kaiming king of the ancient Shu state moved the capital from guangdufan township (Huayang) to Chengdu to build a city.

In the fourth year of Shenwang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (316 BC), the state of Qin annexed Shu and set up Shu Prefecture in Chengdu. Qin Zhangyi and simacuo built Taicheng (Funan city). The next year, Zhangyi built Shaocheng (Fuxi city) to the west of Taicheng.

In the 51st year of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (256 BC), Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County, absorbed the experience of predecessors in water control and led the local people to build the famous Dujiangyan water conservancy project which is still in use today. He also made stone men to measure the water of Dujiangyan, which is the earliest water gauge in China. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Chengdu replaced Guanzhong and was called "Tianfu".

In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (106 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the world into 13 states and established Yizhou. Wang Mang changed Yizhou to yongbu, Shu county to Daojiang, governing Linqiong. In the 24th year of the new emperor's reign, Gongsun Shu called Chengdu emperor and designated Chengdu as "a family". Yizhou was changed to Sili, and Shu county to Chengdu Yin.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was still Shu county. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Yan worked as a "Yizhou herdsman" and transferred Yizhou from Luoxian County of Guanghan county to Chengdu, using Chengdu as the prefecture, county and county.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Chengdu was the capital of Shuhan. In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, and in the next year (221), Liu Bei became emperor in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, as a patriarch of the Han Dynasty. The Shuhan regime began with emperor zhaolie Liu Bei and ended with emperor Huaihe Liu Chan. It lasted for 43 years. During its heyday, it occupied Jingzhou and Yizhou, and its national strength was strong. However, after Guan Yu lost Jingzhou and Liu Bei defeated Yiling, its vitality was greatly damaged. Later, Zhuge Liang ruled the country and resumed production, enabling it to compete with Wei and Wu.

Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty changed Shu county to Chengdu state and soon resumed its title. In the third year of Yongxing (306), Li Xiong became emperor in Chengdu, known as "Dacheng". In the fourth year of Xiankang (338), Li Xiong's nephew Li Shou changed the name of the country to "Han", which was called "Chenghan" in history. In 347, Dacheng was destroyed by the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

After the song and Qi dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, Chengdu was ruled by Yizhou and Shu counties, Taicheng by the governor of Yizhou and Shaocheng by the inner history of Chengdu.

In the second year of kaihuang (582), it was changed to the southwest daoxingtai. The next year, the general manager's office was restored. In the early year of Daye (605), the government was abolished, and Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty changed Yizhou into Shu county.

Yizhou was restored in the Tang Dynasty, and in the early years of Wude (618), the general manager's office was set up. In the third year of Wude (620), it was changed to southwest daoxingtai. In the ninth year of Wude (626), it was changed into the governor's office. In the second year of longshuo (662), he was promoted to Dufu. In the early years of Tianbao (742), it was restored to Shu county. In the second year of Zhide (757), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was lucky to stay in Shu, and promoted Shu county to Chengdu Prefecture. As Nanjing, he was the auxiliary capital of Tang Dynasty and changed Chengdu prefecture to Yin. At that time, Jiannan road was divided into East and West Sichuan, and Chengdu was the governing place of Jiedushi of Xichuan. In the early years of the Shang Yuan Dynasty (760), the capital was destroyed, but the Chengdu government remained unchanged. In the first year of Guangming Dynasty (880), in order to avoid the chaos of Huangchao, Emperor Fu Zong of Tang Dynasty drove to Chengdu.

In 907, the first year of Kaiping in the Later Liang Dynasty, Zhu Wen destroyed the Tang Dynasty, and Chinese history entered the Five Dynasties period. Wang Jian and Meng Zhixiang successively ruled Sichuan and Shu, and became emperor in Chengdu. They were known as "former Shu" and "later Shu" in history.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, jiaozi, the world's first banknote, was born in Chengdu. In the fourth year of Jiayou reign (1059), Yizhou Road (one of the fourth Chuanxia Road) was changed to Chengdu Fu Road, where Chengdu was governed. In the fifth year of Baoyou (1257) of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Mongol Yuan army occupied Chengdu, causing great damage to the local production and economy.

In the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), the general manager of Chengdu Road was set up as the capital of xingzhongshu Province in Sichuan Province.

In 1371, the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, set up the Department of political envoys in Sichuan, with Chengdu as the capital. Zhu Yuanzhang named Zhu Chun, his eleventh son, king of Shu. His palace is located in Chengdu, which is called "imperial city" by modern people. In 1644, Zhang Xianzhong led his army to attack Chengdu and established himself as emperor. He was known as the Great West, and called Chengdu Xijing.

When the Qing army entered Sichuan, the Han people in Sichuan resisted. After many years of war, the population was greatly reduced. The Qing Dynasty set up Sichuan Province in Chengdu. The emperor sent Sichuan governor and Chengdu general to Chengdu. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the Qing government carried out the "Huguang to Sichuan" immigration, and Chengdu gradually recovered its vitality and has been prosperous ever since.

In June of the first year of the Republic of China (1911), the road protection movement was launched in Chengdu. The "Chengdu Massacre" caused by the suppression of the people by Zhao Erfeng, governor of Sichuan Province, led to the uprising of the people, which directly led to the outbreak of the revolution of 1911 and made immortal achievements for China's bourgeois democratic revolution. On November 27, Pu Dianjun, a member of the Constitutional Party, announced in Chengdu that Sichuan was separated from the Qing Dynasty and established the Han Dynasty military government. On March 12, 1912, the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Great Han military government in Chengdu was changed into the Sichuan military government. The military government was stationed in Chengdu, and Yin Changheng served as the governor. In 1914, the Beiyang government ordered the establishment of Xichuan road in Chengdu, leading 31 counties including Chengdu and Huayang. After the road was abandoned, Chengdu was still the capital of Sichuan Province. Chengdu was established in 1928.

On December 27, 1949, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Chengdu and abolished Sichuan Province. Chengdu became the headquarters of the Western Sichuan administrative region of the people's Republic of China.

On September 1, 1952, Sichuan Provincial People's government was established in Chengdu after the administrative districts of Eastern, western, southern and Northern Sichuan were abolished and the organizational system of Sichuan Province was restored.

In February 1989, with the approval of the State Council, Chengdu's economic and social development plan was listed separately in the national plan, enjoying provincial economic management authority, becoming one of the 14 cities listed separately in the national plan.

In May 1994, through the approval of the central organization establishment committee, the city under separate planning was designated as a vice provincial city. Chengdu has strengthened the status and role of provincial organizations in overall planning and coordination, becoming one of the 15 vice provincial cities in China.

In April 2016, with the consent of the State Council, the development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of housing and urban rural development issued the development plan of Chengdu Chongqing urban agglomeration, which made it clear that Chengdu should aim at building a national central city.

On March 1, 2019, Chengdu officially won the right to host the 31st Summer Universiade.

In May 9, 2019, Chengdu won the right to host the 2025 World Games and became the first city in Chinese mainland to host the event.

On December 15, 2019, it will be ranked among the top 10 Chinese city brands of the year.

On December 29, 2020, it will become the first batch of Chinese cities in the Lancang Mekong tourism cities cooperation alliance.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1922, the two counties of Chengdu and Huayang were merged into a city, and a municipal office was established. In 1928, Chengdu municipal government was established, and Chengdu was the capital of the province.

After the founding of new China, in September 1959, the city governing county system was stipulated in law, which directly promoted the development of the city governing county system. After several adjustments, the administrative area of Chengdu has expanded from 29.9 square kilometers to 14335 square kilometers.

In July 1950, the 14 districts set up in 1945 were adjusted to 8 districts, named after ordinal numbers; in August of the next year, Chengdu county and Huayang county were established

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng Cheng Dou Shi