Tongling City, Anhui Province

Tongling Tongling is a prefecture level city in Anhui Province. The city governs three municipal districts and one county, with a total area of 3008 square kilometers and a total population of 1.641 million.

Tongling City is located in the south central part of Anhui Province, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Hefei in the north, Chizhou in the south, Wuhu in the East and Anqing in the West. It is one of the 27 cities in the central area of the Yangtze River Delta.

Tongling, named after copper, is famous as "ancient copper capital of China, contemporary copper base". The history of copper mining and smelting began in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, flourished in the Han and Tang Dynasties, and lasted for more than 3500 years. Tongling has proved more than 30 kinds of copper, gold, silver, sulfur, iron, limestone and associated rare metals, among which the reserves of copper, sulfur and limestone rank first in East China and even in the whole country. The first furnace of copper water and the first copper ingot in New China came from Tongling. The first copper industrial base was built in Tongling, and the first copper stock was issued from Tongling. The specialty products include Cortex Moutan, Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, sericulture, ramie, ginger, etc.

In 2020, Tongling will achieve a GDP of 100.37 billion yuan, an increase of 3.2% over the same period of last year.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

In the ninth year of Baoda in the Southern Tang Dynasty (951), Yian county was changed to Tongling County. The county government was transferred from Shun'an to ancient Tongguan Town, which is Chengguan town where Tongling County government is now located. So far, the place name "Tongling" appeared for the first time in history. The origin of the word "Tongling" has not been formally recorded. There are three kinds of statements: first, the "mausoleum producing copper" theory, so the local copper is also a hilly area, so its name is "Tongling"; second, the "copper producing originally belongs to Nanling" theory, so its name is "Tongling"; third, the "copper producing originally belongs to Lingyang" theory, and Tongling area in Han Dynasty belonged to Chungu county and Lingyang County of Danyang County, so its name is "Lingyang"“ Tongling.

History of construction

During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Tongling belonged to Yangzhou.

During the Zhou Dynasty, Tongling area belonged to Wu, Yue and Chu successively.

After Qin Dynasty unified China, Tongling belonged to Zhangjun.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang county was changed into Danyang county. Tongling area successively belongs to Chungu county and Lingyang County of Danyang county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tongguan town was set up (in today's Tongling County).

During the Three Kingdoms period, Tongling area successively belonged to Chungu county and Lincheng County of Danyang County of Wu state.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Tongling belonged to Chungu and Lincheng counties of Xuancheng county.

During the reign of Yixi (405-418) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a large number of Shanxi refugees entered the area due to the war in the north. Dingling county was set up here by overseas Chinese, and the county government was set up in today's Shun'an town. The establishment of Dingling county has determined the area of Tongling area.

During the song and Qi dynasties, Dingling County belonged to Huainan county.

During the Liang and Chen dynasties, it belonged to Nanling County.

After the unification of Sui Dynasty, Dingling county was merged into Nanling County, belonging to Xuancheng county.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Tongling belonged to Nanling County of Xuancheng county. In the late Tang Dynasty, five townships, Gongshan, Anding, Fengtai, Guihua and Fengzi, were set up from Nanling, and Yi'an county was set up. The county was governed by Shun'an Town, which belongs to Xuanzhou.

During the Five Dynasties, it was still Yian County of Xuanzhou.

In 951, Yian county was changed to Tongling County, belonging to Shengzhou. After the establishment of Tongling County, the county government was transferred from Shun'an town to Tongguan town (now Chengguan town of Tongling County), which was called Jianghu at that time.

In the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (974), Cao Bin conquered the Southern Tang Dynasty. In October, he conquered Tongling County. At the beginning of the reign, Jiangnan Road (Road) was built. Later, it was transferred to Chizhou, Jiangdong Road.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Tongling County belonged to Chizhou Road (later changed to Chizhou prefecture) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

In the Ming Dynasty, Tongling County belonged to Chizhou Prefecture and was directly under the jurisdiction of Nanjing.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Tongling County belonged to Chizhou Prefecture of Jiangnan zuozhi; later, Jiangnan zuozhi was changed to Jiangnan province. In 1667, Jiangnan province was divided into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. Tongling County belonged to Chizhou Prefecture of Anhui Province. Later, Taiguang road of Huining county was set up, and Chizhou Prefecture belonged to it.

In January 1912, Tongling County was directly under Anhui Province. From June 1914 to August 1928, it belongs to Wuhu Road, Anhui Province. After October 1932, it was the second special zone. On August 6, 1938, it was transferred to the eighth special office until the liberation of Tongling.

On April 21, 1949, Tongling was liberated. On May 13 of the same year, it was under the jurisdiction of Chizhou District of Wannan administrative office.

On February 4, 1952, Tongling County was changed into anqing district. On October 12, 1956, Tongguanshan city was established, which is directly under the provincial government. On September 5, 1958, the organizational system of Tongling County was abolished, and the city and county were merged and renamed Tongling City. On April 3, 1959, with the approval of the State Council, the organizational system of Tongling City was retained, which was still under the direct jurisdiction of the province; the organizational system of Tongling County was restored, which was under the Anqing special district. On July 29, 1964, Tongling City was changed into Tongling special zone, where the government and enterprises were integrated, and Tongling City was directly under the provincial government.

On December 11, 1971, Tongling special zone was changed to Tongling City, which is directly under the provincial government.

On March 1, 1974, Tongling County was transferred from Chizhou to Tongling City.

administrative division

Division evolution

On October 13, 2015, Zongyang County of Anqing city was divided into Tongling, Tongguan mountain area and Shizishan area were abolished, and the former administrative areas of Tongguan mountain area and Shizishan area were taken as the administrative areas of Tongguan district.

On December 3, 2015, Tongling County was abolished and Yi'an District of Tongling City was established, with the former administrative region of Tongling County as the administrative region of Yi'an district.

On January 4, 2016, Zongyang County was included in Tongling City

Zoning details

Tongling City has four county-level administrative regions, including three municipal districts and one county, namely Tongguan District, Yi'an District, suburb and Zongyang County. Tongling Municipal People's government is located at No. 666, Hudong Road, Tongguan district.

Source: < / I >

geographical environment

Location context

Tongling City is located in the south central part of Anhui Province and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, bordering Fanchang district and Nanling County of Wuhu City in the East, Guichi District and Qingyang County of Chizhou City in the south, Yixiu District, Yingjiang district and Tongcheng city of Anqing City in the west, Lujiang County and Wuwei city of Hefei City in the north. It is between 117 ° 04 '- 118 ° 09' e and 30 ° 38 '- 31 ° 09' n, with a maximum length of 56 km from north to South and a maximum width of 103.9 km from east to west, covering a total area of 3008 square kilometers. It is about 60 kilometers away from Wuhu in the East, 30 kilometers away from Chizhou and 80 kilometers away from Anqing in the west, and 125 kilometers away from Hefei, the provincial capital.

Geological Composition

Tongling tectonics is located in the lower Yangtze platform depression of the Yangtze paraplatform, or the east wing of the front arc of the huaiyinshan structure. The exposed strata in the area are from the upper Ordovician to the Quaternary, with developed fold and fault structures, strong magmatic activity, and sporadic distribution of metamorphic rocks around the intrusive rocks.

stratum

The strata in Tongling are exposed from Ordovician of Early Paleozoic to Quaternary of Cenozoic. It has been formed in 500 million years, and there is basically no regional metamorphism.

rock

Sedimentary rock, magmatic rock and metamorphic rock are distributed in Tongling area. The total thickness of sedimentary rocks is more than 4262m, which can be divided into 10 series and 28 formations. Magmatic rocks include intrusive rocks and extrusive rocks. There are 49 intrusive rocks with an exposed area of 59 square kilometers.

structure

1. The Indosinian fold in the fold area can be divided into Jinkouling syncline and Tongguanshan anticline. Datong Shunan syncline, yongcunqiao syncline, shujiadian syncline and xinwuzi syncline; Datong Shunan syncline is divided into taojiashan syncline, Qingshan syncline and Zhucun syncline; xinwuzi syncline includes Fenghuangshan syncline, xianrenchong syncline and Yuanbaoshan syncline. The main body of zhongfencun syncline formed in Yanshanian period has been out of the Tongling boundary, and only a small part of the southwest end of bafencun anticline is found. Wangjiacun syncline was formed in Himalayan period.

2. There are 143 known faults in the fault area. According to the cutting, controlling and covering conditions between strata and rock mass, and considering the relationship between fractures and folds. The faults in the area can be divided into four forming periods: Indosinian early Yanshanian, Indosinian middle Yanshanian, Indosinian late Yanshanian and Himalayan. In addition, there are 18 faults with small scale and unclear relationship of cutting strata, so it is difficult to find out the age of fault Association.

3. The history of crustal evolution Tongling experienced a long period of shallow sea deposition in geological history. Many crustal movements resulted in fold and fault structures. On this basis, magmatic activities took place and rich endogenous non-ferrous metal deposits were formed. After many times of crustal uplift and denudation, Tongling gradually became what it is today.

topographic features

Tongling City is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain and the mountainous area of Southern Anhui. The low mountains and hills in the southern part of the territory intersect vertically and horizontally, and are distributed in the northeast direction. Most of them are composed of Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic limestone, shale and sandstone. The altitude is mainly 300-500m. There are many fold mountains and hills, and a few are fault mountains. Generally, the slope is about 25-30 degrees. The mountain is relatively complete, and the mountain trend gradually decreases from southwest to northeast. The composition of hills is similar to that of Southern Hills. The hills are composed of Cretaceous, tertiary and quaternary lower and middle series. The cutting of the ground is relatively broken, and a series of gullies and depressions are developed. Among them, the Dongdian Zhucun valley plain is the widest, with an altitude of about 100-350 meters. Only Tongguan mountain, Qipanshi and other low mountains standing on hills and hills, with an altitude of more than 450 meters. The average slope of the ground is smaller than that in the south, generally only about 15-20 degrees. Only the hills formed by faulting are steep. The northern plain is low and flat, developed by the alluvial action of the Yangtze River and its tributaries. The elevation of the ground is less than 15 meters, most of which are 8-10 meters, the slope of the ground is less than 1 / 5000, and the density of the water network is high

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