Benxi Manchu Autonomous County, Benxi City, Liaoning Province

Benxi Manchu Autonomous County Benxi Manchu Autonomous County is subordinate to Benxi City, Liaoning Province. Located in the eastern mountainous area of Liaoning Province, the upper reaches of Taizi River. It is located between 40 ° 48'50 ″ - 41 ° 33'50 ″ N and 123 ° 34'53 ″ - 124 ° 45'42 ″ E. The total area is 3344 square kilometers. It is 62 kilometers long from east to west and 85 kilometers wide from north to south. By June 2020, Benxi Manchu Autonomous County has jurisdiction over one street, 10 towns and one Township, bordering Huanren Manchu Autonomous County in the East, Kuandian County of Dandong City in the southeast, Fengcheng City of Dandong City in the south, Liaoyang County of Liaoyang City in the southwest, Nanfen District, Mingshan district and Xihu District of Benxi City in the west, Fushun County of Shenyang City and Fushun City in the north, and Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County in the northeast. The total population is 300000 (in 2019). There are 24 ethnic minorities, including Manchu, Xian, Hui and Xibo, of which Manchu population accounts for 65% of the total population.

Benxi Manchu Autonomous County belongs to the southeast part of Changbai Mountains. The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. Located in the middle latitude, it belongs to the humid climate zone of north temperate zone, with obvious monsoon and continental climate. The water systems are mainly yellow sea water system and Bohai Sea water system. It is a national new urbanization comprehensive pilot area, a compact County medical community construction pilot county, a revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area by county, a national rural contracted land registration and certification typical area, a pilot area to deepen the reform of rural highway management and maintenance system, and a county to reach the standard of water-saving society construction.

In 2019, the GDP of Benxi Manchu Autonomous County is 12.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6%; the general public budget revenue is 770 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.5%; the industrial added value is 1.66 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.2%; the investment in fixed assets is 3.91 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.5%; the total retail sales of social consumer goods is 6.26 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.2%; the disposable income of urban and rural residents is 27173 yuan respectively And 16408 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.5%.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

The name of Benxi county originated from the Qing Dynasty. According to the stele of rebuilding Guanyin temple, there is Benxi Lake in the south of Shengjing (today's Shenyang) and the ancient Guanyin Temple beside the lake In addition, according to the Eight Banners annals, "in 1727, this lake (Benxi Lake) was called Beixi lake." A long time ago, it was said that the lake was still small, just like a cup of clear water. The bottom of the lake was narrow and the top was wide. It was shaped like the horn of a rhinoceros, so it was named "cup rhinoceros Lake" by its shape. This is the earlier name of Benxi lake. Later, because it was difficult to write and recognize, it was renamed Benxi lake. Benxi county was established in the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. It was named because the county government was near Benxi lake.

Evolution of organizational system

Zhou belongs to Youzhou.

In the late Warring States period, the territory was Xiangping County, Liaodong County of Yan state.

In the 26th year of emperor Yingzheng (221 BC), the territory still belongs to Xiangping County, Liaodong county.

The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and the territory still belongs to Xiangping County, Liaodong county.

The Three Kingdoms, Wei, first belong to Pingzhou Liaodong County Xiangping County, then Youzhou Liaodong County Xiangping county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, the territory belongs to Pingzhou Liaodong county (state) Xiangping county. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Qianyan, qianqin and Houyan. Yuanxing three years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (404), the territory is under the jurisdiction of Koguryo.

In the southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty, the territory was still under the jurisdiction of Koguryo.

In the first year of Tang Zongzhang (668), the Tang Dynasty destroyed Koguryo and set up an Dongdu Hufu, which belongs to the Dufu of Liaocheng prefecture (once called liaozhou and Liaodong prefecture) in Hebei Province.

In the second year of Shence of Liao Dynasty (917), the territory was under the jurisdiction of Qidan. In the fourth year of Shence (919), Qidan built Liaoyang City and renamed it Dongping county. In the second year of Qianxiang reign (980), Liaoyang Prefecture, Tokyo Road, was changed to Baiyan Prefecture, Liaoyang Prefecture, Tokyo road.

Jintianhui three years (1125), Jin destroyed Liao, the territory is a Tokyo road Liaoyang Prefecture Shicheng County.

In the 24th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1287), Liaoyang xingzhongshu province was set up. In the following year, the original jindongjing road was changed to Liaoyang Road, which belongs to Liaoyang County, Liaoyang province.

In the Ming Dynasty, prefectures and counties were abandoned and Wei was set up. The territory is under the jurisdiction of Dongning Wei, dingliao Zhongwei and 30000 Wei. There are Caohe qianhusuo (belonging to dongningwei), Weining yingtiechang baihusuo (belonging to 30000 Wei), and LIANSHANGUAN post.

In 1644, the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Liaoyang Prefecture. Shunzhi 14 years (1657), Liaoyang Prefecture for Liaoyang County. In 1664, Liaoyang County was promoted to Liaoyang Prefecture. The territory is under the jurisdiction of fengtianfu Liaoyang Prefecture, Xingjing Fumin hall and Fenghuang hall. In 1906, the eastern part of Liaoyang Prefecture, the southwest part of Xingjing Fumin hall, and the northern part of Fenghuang hall were designated as Benxi county. It is under the jurisdiction of Daoyin office in the East, and then directly under fengtianfu.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), fengtianfu was changed into Fengtian province, and Benxi county was located in the east of Fengtian province. In 1928, Zhang Xueliang changed his banner from Fengtian province to Liaoning Province.

In 1931, Northeast China became a Japanese colony after the September 18th Incident. In 1932, the puppet Manchukuo was established, Liaoning Province was changed into Fengtian province, and Benxi county was subordinate to Fengtian province. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), the puppet Manchu regime set up benxihu city by dividing benxihu street and Gongyuan (now Pingshan District of Benxi City) from Benxi county. In 1945, Benxi was liberated. Reset Benxi county, under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province.

In April 1946, it was transferred to the office of the third Commissioner of Liaodong province. In October, the city of Benxi lake was abolished and the urban area was merged into Benxi county.

In 1948, it was transferred to Anton province.

In 1949, Anton province merged with Liaoning Province to establish Liaodong province and Liaoxi Province, and Benxi county was subordinate to Liaodong province.

In 1952, Benxi county was abolished and merged into Benxi City. In 1954, Liaodong and Liaoxi provinces merged to establish Liaoning Province.

In May 1956, Benxi county was restored to Anton district. Later, it was managed by Benxi City. In 1959, Benxi county was officially subordinate to Benxi City. Four communes were set up by Benxi county and niuxintai district (Mingshan District) of Benxi City was established.

On September 7, 1989, Benxi county was abolished and Benxi Manchu Autonomous County was established.

administrative division

In April 1959, the four communes of Hongxing (Shiqiaozi), Weixing (Qiaotou), Gongnong (Nanfen) and Heping (niuxintai) were assigned to niuxintai district (Mingshan District).

On July 1, 1988, Xiamatang Manchu town was assigned to Nanfen District of Benxi City. In July 1999, the state-owned agricultural pastures in Benxi county were abolished and assigned to lanheyu township.

By June 2020, Benxi Manchu Autonomous County has jurisdiction over one street, 10 towns and one township: Guanyinge street, Xiaoshi Town, caohezhang Town, caohezheng Town, CAOHEKOU Town, LIANSHANGUAN Town, Qinghe town, tianshifu Town, Nandian Town, Jianchang Town, Gaoguan town and dongyingfang Town, with a total of 98 villages and 790 villager groups. County Government in Guanyinge Street Government Road 69.

geographical environment

Location context

Benxi Manchu Autonomous County, located in the eastern mountainous area of Liaoning Province, the upper reaches of Taizi River. It is located between 40 ° 48'50 ″ - 41 ° 33'50 ″ N and 123 ° 34'53 ″ - 124 ° 45'42 ″ E. It borders Huanren Manchu Autonomous County in the East, Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County in Dandong City in the southeast, Fengcheng City in Dandong City in the south, Liaoyang County in Liaoyang City in the southwest, Nanfen District, Mingshan district and Xihu District in Benxi City in the west, Fushun County in Fushun City in the north, and Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County in the northeast. The total area is 3344 square kilometers. It is 62 kilometers long from east to west and 85 kilometers wide from north to south.

geology

The geotectonic unit of Benxi Manchu Autonomous County is located on the Sino Korean paraplatform, and the secondary structure is located in the east of Taizihe hunhetai depression and Liaoyang Huanren depression. In the long process of geological history, it mainly experienced platform formation stage, cap rock development stage and continental margin activity stage. The main tectonic movements are Anshan movement, Luliang movement, Yanliao cycle, Caledonian movement, Variscan movement, Indosinian movement, Yanshan movement and Himalayan movement. The Sino Korean paraplatform was formed in the Yanliao cycle. Under the action of the Variscan, Indosinian and Yanshanian movements, the geosynclinal folds and caprock folds were formed again. Accompanied by strong magmatic activities, the earth rose slowly and eroded unevenly, forming the basic topography with complex geological structure.

topographic features

Benxi Manchu Autonomous County is the southeast extension of Changbai Mountains. The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. There are more than 240 mountains. The main peaks are jiucaidingzi mountain, xidadingzi mountain, daaoling mountain and changlazi mountain, with an altitude of more than 1032 meters. The Changbai Mountain is the Qianshan Mountain range, which runs through the whole territory from east to west, forming the southeast ridge zone from dongyingfang and lanheyu in the East, through caohezhang to LIANSHANGUAN in the south, with an average altitude of 600 meters. Caohecheng and CAOHEKOU, located at the southern foot of Qianshan Mountains, are hilly areas in the south, with an average altitude of 400 meters.

The central part of Benxi Manchu Autonomous County is Taizihe fault zone. There are many feather like small faults on both sides of the river, forming a sedimentary plain with the Taizi River Valley as the center line, with an average altitude of less than 300 meters. In the north, there are low mountains and hills, with an average altitude of 450 meters.

climate

Benxi Manchu Autonomous County is located in the middle latitude, belongs to the north temperate humid climate zone, monsoon and continental climate is obvious. It has four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, sufficient sunshine, moderate temperature and the same period of rain and heat.

The annual average temperature of Benxi Manchu Autonomous County is 6.7 ℃, the average temperature of the hottest month is 23.3 ℃, the average temperature of the coldest month is - 13.5 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 37.8 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 37.9 ℃. The first day when the daily average temperature is stable at 10 ℃ is from April 20 to 30,