Etuokeqian banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Etuokeqian banner Etuokeqian banner belongs to Ordos Right Wing Middle Banner (Etuokeqian banner) in Qing Dynasty. In August 1980, Etuokeqian banner was located in the south of Etuoke Banner. Etuokeqian banner is located in the southwest of Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, adjacent to Etuoke Banner in the north, Shaanxi Province across the Great Wall in the south, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region across the Yellow River in the West and Wushen Banner in the East. It is located at the junction of Mongolia, Shaanxi and Ningxia. The territory is mainly composed of Maowusu Sandy Land and Erdos Liangdi, with a total land area of 121800 square kilometers. The whole banner governs 4 towns and 68 Gacha villages, which is a minority area with Mongolian as the main body and Han nationality as the majority.

In March 2019, it was announced by the Ministry of water resources as the first batch of water-saving society construction standard counties (districts). Top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019. On October 9, 2020, it was awarded the title of the fourth batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties by the Ministry of ecological environment.

Historical evolution

As early as the Paleolithic period, there were human activities in ejianqi. According to historical records, in the Xia Dynasty, Etuokeqian banner was once a nomadic or resident pastoral area of the northern Qiang, Xun, Yao, Guifang, Yuyu, Yiqu, quyan, Hun, Xianbei, Wuhuan, Qiang and other tribes; since the Qin Dynasty, it has been subordinate to Beidi County, Shangjun, Shuofang County, Daxia Youzhou, Lingwu County, Lingzhou, Yuzhou, Yansui Road, ningningwei; after the Ming Dynasty, the Mongol Erdos tribes have entered In the early Qing Dynasty, the upper right wing tribes were divided into one banner, called Ordos Right Wing Middle Banner; in the period of the Republic of China, it was changed to Etuoke Banner, which was the southern border of Etuoke Banner.

In 1462, the Mongolian tribes settled in Erdos. In 1500, Batu mengkedayanhan restored the organization of ten thousand households. Etuoke Banner belonged to the territory of ten thousand households in Erdos under the jurisdiction of thirty thousand households on the right wing ji'nong balsborot. Since then, it has always belonged to the territory of basanhur, the grandson of balsborot, and his descendants. In the ninth year of Tiancong reign of Qing Dynasty (1635 A.D.), boerzhijin · enfuchen, a member of wanhu in Ordos, led his troops to return to the Qing Dynasty. Later, the Qing court recorded boerzhijin · enfuchen as the left wing Middle Banner of YIKEZHAO League (the former county king banner, later merged with the front end banner of the right wing of Ordos to become the present Yijinhuoluo banner), zasak, the prince of jinduoluo County, and the leader of YIKEZHAO League. So far, Ordos began to establish the league flag system.

In 1649 ad, the Mongolian Erdos households in the Qing Dynasty were divided into six groups: Left Wing Middle Banner (formerly Junwang banner), Left Wing Front Banner (now Zhungeer banner), left wing rear banner (now Dalate Banner), right wing Middle Banner (now etoke banner), right wing front banner (now Wushen Banner) and right wing rear banner (now Hangjin Banner) Gezhasake banner was set up as YIKEZHAO League, and then the Ordos right wing Qianwei banner was added (the former Zhasake banner was merged with Junwang banner to become today's Yijinhuoluo banner). The original baisanhuernoyan and its descendants, including kequte, xibuqin, Wulat, tanggute, formed the Ordos right-wing Middle Banner, with 15 Hara (Shenling District) and 83 Sumu (zuoling District). At present, Etuokeqian banner was the southern part of zasak. During the period of the Republic of China, the league flag system was still implemented, and it was still called Ordos right wing central banner.

Dagouwan, dieshao and other places on the Bank of Salawusu River in Etuokeqian banner are the hometown of Hetao people. Archaeologists have found precious ancient human fossils and rich cultural relics of Paleolithic age here, which provides reliable physical evidence for studying the status of Hetao people in the process of human development. There are many cultural relics in the banner, including 96 ancient sites. Among them, Chengchuan town has the site of CHANGZE county government of Tang Dynasty (that is, Yuzhou City after the 15th year of Yuanhe); erdaochuan town has the site of early Neolithic age; maladi town has the site of bagatu brick kiln beam; Chengchuan zhanggeshili village has the site of late Neolithic age; in June 1986, a Han tomb group was found in sanduandi; and Shanghai temple has the site of Ming Great Wall. In addition, in huanghaizi village, Chengchuan Town, there is a well, namely "Wang Zhenjing", which was dug by General Wang Zhen to solve the problem of drinking water when he commanded the Eighth Route Army to cultivate land in heiliangtou in 1944. In sanduan, there is the former site of sanduandi Working Committee. In angsu Town, there are monuments of revolutionary martyrs Ma Liangcheng and Gu Shoushan.

Etuokeqian banner is one of the old liberated areas founded in Inner Mongolia during the second Civil Revolutionary War of the Communist Party of China. It is the main traffic route from the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region to the Daqingshan Anti Japanese guerrilla base and the Communist International. As early as May 1936, in accordance with the spirit of Mao Zedong's Declaration on the people of Inner Mongolia, the Central Red Army's westward expedition set up a Mongolian Working Committee in Dingbian, set up a Mongolian Han guerrilla force, and liberated sanduandi and erdaochuan. In October, the working committee of Sandu Prefecture was established. In the latter half of the year, underground party members were developed, and the Soviet government of Sandu Prefecture and erdaochuan was established to form local armed forces. In November 1941, Chengchuan was liberated and the Mongolian Committee was established.

On August 12, 1980, the National Development Document No. 208 approved the establishment of Etuokeqian banner in the south of Etuoke Banner, and the addition of aolechaoqi town. On November 1 of the same year, it worked separately with Etuoke Banner. Moved to Aole Zhaoqi town on July 15, 1983. In the same year, during the system reform, the commune in pastoral areas was changed into Sumu and the brigade into Gacha; the commune in agricultural areas was changed into Township and the brigade into village.

administrative division

Etuokeqian banner governs four towns: aolechaoqi Town, shanghaimiao Town, angsu Town, Chengchuan Town, 68 Gacha villages and 7 community residents committees.

geographical environment

Location context

Etuokeqian banner is located in the southwest of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, at the junction of the three provinces of Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Ningxia, which is near the intersection of 37 ° 44 ′～ 38 ° 44 ′ N and 106 ° 26 ′～ 108 ° 32 ′ E. It is adjacent to Etuoke Banner in the north, Shaanxi Province across the Great Wall in the south, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region across the Yellow River in the East and Wushen Banner in the West. Etuokeqian banner covers a total area of 121800 square kilometers.

Topography

The terrain from Prague to the third section is of North-South ridge type, inclining to the southeast and northwest respectively. The highest elevation is 1564m at the junction of Prague and the third section, and the lowest point is 1160m at the junction of Taole County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Xia Hui Autonomous Region. The elevation of the territory is generally between 1300-1400m, and the topography is divided into three types: beam, beach and sand. Liangdi, accounting for 31.64% of the total area of the whole banner, is mainly distributed in the northwest, where the groundwater is buried deep, most areas are below 50 meters, and some areas are more than 70 meters; beach and sandy land account for 7.94% and 60.53% of the total area of the whole banner, respectively, and are mainly distributed in the abdomen of Mu Us sandy land in the southeast, with the groundwater level of 2-3 meters. In the East, the difficult quicksand is distributed alternately with the beach in the northwest southeast strip.

natural resources

mineral resources

The coal is mainly distributed in Miaozhen, Shanghai, which belongs to the same coal measure as Ningdong coalfield in Ningxia. The Carboniferous Permian and Jurassic coal bearing strata are located in the same place, with a distribution area of more than 4000 square kilometers. As of 2013, the proved reserves are 14.2 billion tons and the prospective reserves are more than 50 billion tons. More than 60% of the world-class integrated natural gas field Sulige gas field is distributed in the territory of ejianqi, with proven reserves of 700 billion cubic meters.

Salt, Glauber's salt, gypsum, analcite and high quality purple clay are rich in reserves. Lake salt and Glauber's salt are mainly distributed in beidachi village, erdaochuan Township, and the two minerals are symbiotic combination. The reserve of lake salt is 770000 tons, the grade is 62% - 94%, the annual output of Qinglang salt is 30000 tons; the reserve of mirabilite is 1080000 tons, the deposit area is about 28 square kilometers, the grade is 24% - 64%, the annual output of mirabilite is 30000 tons.

Biological resources

Alfalfa is rich in resources, with a planting area of 357000 Mu and an annual output of 5425 kg hay. Medicinal resources are very rich, known as the "hometown of medicinal materials". Woven plants are: Salix, Salix psammophila, Salix Hongliu, Jiji, Salix psammophila, etc. Wild animals are: rabbit, sand fox, sand chicken, weasel, Ma Aihu, hedgehog, etc.

Forestry resources

The area of forestry land in Etuokeqian banner is 9127700 mu, accounting for 48.8% of the total area; the area of non forestry land is 9614800 mu, accounting for 51.2% of the total area. In 2010, the forest coverage rate of Etuokeqian banner was 16.28%. Among the forestry land, there are 1669200 mu of forest land, accounting for 18% of the forestry land area; 930000 mu of shrub land, accounting for 10% of the forestry land area; 267500 mu of open forest land, accounting for 3% of the forestry land area; 840000 mu of unfinished forest land, accounting for 9.2% of the forestry land area; 5421000 mu of barren mountain (sand) wasteland, accounting for 68.8% of the forestry land area; and 11000 mu of other land. Among the forestry resources in Etuokeqian banner, the state-owned forest is 125600 mu, accounting for 9.1% of the forestry land area; the collective forest is 1543600 mu, accounting for 90.9% of the forestry land area. Among the woodlands, the area of windbreak and sand fixation forest is 642600 mu, accounting for 38.5% of the woodland area; the area of agricultural forest is 275400 mu, accounting for 16.5% of the woodland area; the area of economic forest is 138500 mu, accounting for 8.3% of the woodland area. In the distribution of tree species, willow and poplar are the main trees; Salix psammophila, yangchai, Huabang and Caragana are the main shrubs, accompanied by xerophytic, psammophytic and halophytic shrubs and small shrubs, mainly including Caragana microphylla, Caragana tibetana, Hongsha, Nitraria, yanzhaozhao, zhenzhumi, etc.

population

At the end of 2012, the registered residence population was 76279, of which 38688 were males, 50.7% of the total population, 37591 of females, 49.3% of the total population, and 21467 of the non-agricultural population, accounting for 28 of the total population.

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu E Er Duo Si Shi E Tuo Ke Qian Qi