Kuqa County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Kuqa Kuqa City, a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Aksu Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is located in the middle of the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain and the northern edge of Tarim Basin. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. It is inclined from northwest to Southeast. It has rich heat, dry climate, rare precipitation, hot summer and cold winter. By 2019, it has a total area of 15200 square kilometers, covering 8 towns, 6 townships, 4 streets, 223 administrative villages and 51 communities District, with a total population of 600000.

Kuqa is a national historical and cultural city. There are more than 195 cultural relics in Kuqa, including grottoes, ancient castles, beacon towers, etc., which are listed as two world cultural heritages of Kuqa section of the Silk Road, 10 national key cultural relics protection units, and 41 autonomous region level cultural relics. Famous tourist attractions include Tianshan Mysterious Grand Canyon, Kizil Grottoes, kumtula thousand Buddha cave, Kuqa palace, ancient city of SUBASHI, etc. Located in the middle of Urumqi to Kashi and Dushanzi to Hotan, national highway 314 and 217 intersect in the county. The southern Xinjiang Railway runs across the county, and the civil aviation goes directly to Urumqi. It has become a passenger and freight distribution center of aviation, railway and highway in southern Xinjiang. Kuqa is a Turkic transliteration, a Uyghur place name, which means Hutong. "Because it is an important street in the hinterland of Southern Xinjiang, so it is named." Kuche has been written in many ways since ancient times, such as Qiuci, Quzi, Quxian, Jiuzi, Kucha, etc. In 1758, it was named Kuche. Once said, "Kuche" is the ancient kuci language, which means "the city of kuci people".

In 2018, Kuqa's GDP was 24.38 billion yuan, an increase of 9.24% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 2.332 billion yuan, an increase of 6.71%; the added value of the secondary industry was 16.362 billion yuan, an increase of 7.41%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 5.686 billion yuan, an increase of 13.84%. In 2018, the national health county (township) was reconfirmed as one of the top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019. In December 2019, with the approval of the State Council, it is agreed to abolish Kuqa County and establish a county-level Kuqa city.

Historical evolution

According to the archaeological excavation of haladon site and other Neolithic cultural sites in Kuqa, as early as 12000-4000 years ago, there were ancient human activities in Kuqa. In the 3rd century B.C., kuci has been found in Tarim Basin. In the Han Dynasty, Qiuci had become one of the "city states" in the western regions, Wang Zhiyan city (today's Kuqa Pilang ancient city). When the Huns were strong, King kuci was bound by the servants and captains set up by the Huns in the western regions. After that, the western regions annexed each other, and the kuci kingdom was always one of the most influential kingdoms in the south of Tianshan Mountains. Its influence was the farthest from zengshache and Shule.

In the fourth year of Han Zhenghe (89 BC), Lai Dan, the crown prince of Sumi, who had been pledged to the Han Dynasty, settled in Luntai, which caused the anxiety of Gu Yi, the noble of kuci, and encouraged his king to kill Lai Dan, thus offending the Han Dynasty. In the first three years of the Han Dynasty (71 BC), marquis Luo Chang Hui, the head of the Han Dynasty, sent soldiers from various countries in the western regions to attack kuizi and sent people to kill laidan. King kuizi sent Gu Yi to Chang Hui's residence and killed him. From then on, the relationship between Han Dynasty and kuci gradually became closer. In the second year of shenjue of Han Dynasty (60 BC), the Han Dynasty set up the capital of the western regions to govern Wulei city (now luntaizedaya). The kuci state was under its jurisdiction, and some of the official posts were set up by the Han government. The kuci king and his subordinate officials all wore Han seals. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Central Plains was in civil strife, and there was no time to look west. The Huns took the opportunity to make a comeback and set up another king of kuci to control kuci.

In the third year of Yongyuan (91) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, banchao settled in the western regions and set up the capital of kuci to govern the Qiancheng (now Xinhe and dayudus). The king of Kucha was in his control.

In the third year of the early yellow Dynasty (222), Wuji Xiaowei was set up in the western regions, and Qiuci was controlled by him.

In 324, kuci was ruled by Qianliang. In the 19th year of Jianyuan (383) of the former Qin Dynasty, LV Guang led his troops to the west, and Qiuci was a minister of the former Qin Dynasty. In the 11th year of the Jin Dynasty (386), Lu Guang established the Houliang regime, with his son as the protector of the western regions and kuci as its jurisdiction.

In the first year of Shenrui in the Northern Wei Dynasty (414), Rouran Tatan inherited the Khanate position and developed to the western regions. Kuci belonged to Rouran. In 422, the seventh year of Changtai in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Mengxun, the main canal in the northern Liang Dynasty, destroyed the Western Liang. Thirty six states in the western regions were under the jurisdiction of kuci. In the 10th year of Taiping Zhenjun (449) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Wandu was returned to Qiuci, and Qiuci and other countries along the South Tianshan Road were returned to the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 470, Rouran closed in Khotan and Qiuci belonged to Rouran. In the fourth year of the Zhengshi period of the Northern Wei Dynasty (507), Da controlled the South Tianshan Road, and kuci was ruled by him. In the second year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (567), Turks and Persia joined forces to destroy Da, and kuizchen was in Turks.

In the third year of kaihuang (583), the Turkic Khanate was divided into the East and the west, and kuci was ruled by the West Turks.

In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), the government of Anxi capital was set up in Jiaohe City. In the 3rd year of Xianqing (658), the government was moved to Qiuci, which is still the political, economic and cultural center of the western region. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, the kuci Prefecture was set up with king kuci as its governor. After the fifth year of Tang Kaicheng (840), the Uighur tribes in Mobei were forced to migrate one after another by xiajiasi. His nephew Pang teqin led the tribe to Anxi (today's Kuqa), known as Khan, which was the beginning of kuci Uighur Khan. In the second year of Tang Huichang (842), xiajiasi occupied Anxi, and the Uighur tribes moved eastward to join the Pang special service department.

In the Song Dynasty, the Uighur kuci state still maintained the Royal system. In 1124, Yelu Dashi, a Khitan nobleman, went to the West and established the Western Liao state, with kuci as its vassal.

In the 13th year of Genghis Khan (1218), Genghis Khan broke the Western Liao Dynasty, and kuci was under the jurisdiction of the Mongolian Khanate. In 1225, Kuqa belonged to Chagatai Khan fiefdom. Chagatai Khan gave his general manager wuertubu the place from Kuqa in the east to fergan in the West. In 1268, the Chagatai Khanate was attached to the sun Haidu of wokuotai Khan, and Kuqa was the influence area of Haidu. In the 10th year of Dade of Yuan Dynasty (1306), the descendants of Chagatai collected all the land granted by Chagatai Khanate occupied by Haidu, and Kuqa was ruled by Chagatai Khanate. When tuheilutemur was Chagatai Khan, Kuqa was the fief of the boluzhi family. In 1468, Kuqa was ruled by yunushan of East Chagatai. In 1533, the Yeerqiang Khanate became independent from the East Chagatai Khanate, and Kuqa was under the jurisdiction of Yeerqiang Khanate.

In 1680 (the 19th year of Kangxi reign of Qing Dynasty), the southern part of Junggar went deep into Xinjiang, and Kuqa was controlled by Junggar Khanate. In 1759, a Kuqa minister was set up in the Qing Dynasty to take charge of the local military and political affairs. Following the old system, he continued to exercise restraint and administer Hui affairs. Guangxu nine years (1883), set up Kuche Zhili hall. Guangxu 28 years (1902), the office of Zhili Prefecture, analysis 28 Zhuang built Shaya county.

In 1913, Kuqa County was established as the fourth administrative region of Xinjiang province.

In 1922, toksu county was established.

In 1930, 12 villages were built in tuokesu county.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China in October 1949, Kuqa County was subordinate to Aksu Commissioner's office.

In December 2019, with the approval of the State Council, it is agreed to abolish Kuqa County and establish a county-level Kuqa City, with the former administrative region of Kuqa County as the administrative region of Kuqa City, No. 150, Wenhua East Road, Xincheng sub district office of Kuqa Municipal People's government.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1996, it has jurisdiction over 1 town and 13 townships: Kuqa Town, Wuqia Township, yixihala Township, yuqiwusitang Township, alahag Township, bixibage Township, Qiman Township, hanikatamu Township, dunkuotan Township, Yaha Township, wuzun Township, akewusitang Township, Tarim Township and AGG township. The county government is located in Kuqa town.

In 2003, it has jurisdiction over 9 towns and 6 townships: Kuqa Town, Wuqia Town, yixihala Town, Yaha Town, alhag Town, dunkuotan Town, Qiman Town, wUzUN Town, yakla Town, agge Township, akwusitang Township, bixibage Township, hanikatamu Township and Tarim township. The county government is located in Kuqa town.

On April 16, 2008, Kuche town was officially abolished and four streets, namely, Estan, saksak, Xincheng and Dongcheng, were set up. After the adjustment, the county governs 4 streets, 8 towns and 6 townships.

Zoning details

By 2018, Kuqa has jurisdiction over 8 towns, 6 townships and 4 streets: Wuqia Town, yixihala Town, yuqiwusitang Town, alahag Town, bixibage Town, Qiman Town, hanikatamu Town, dunkuotan Town, Yaha Town, wUzUN Town, yakla Town, akwusitang Town, AGG Town, Tarim Town, Dongcheng Street, Xincheng street, restan street and saksak street. The Municipal People's government is located at 150 Wenhua East Road, Xincheng street.

geographical environment

Location context

Kuqa city is located at the southern foot of the Central Tianshan Mountains and the northern margin of Tarim Basin. Its geographical location is between 40 ° 46 ′ - 42 ° 35 ′ N and 82 ° 35 ′ - 84 ° 17 ′ e. it is adjacent to Luntai County of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Yuli County in the southeast, Taklimakan Desert in the south, Shaya County in the southwest, Weigan River in the west, Xinhe County across the river, and Baicheng County in the northwest In the north, it is adjacent to Hejing County of Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and located in the east end of Aksu area. The city is 193 kilometers long from north to South and 164 kilometers wide from east to west, covering an area of 15200 square kilometers. The city is 448 kilometers away from Urumqi, the capital of the autonomous region, in the East, with a straight-line distance of 753 kilometers, and 227.5 kilometers away from Aksu City in the West, with a straight-line distance of 257 kilometers.

topographic features

Kuqa city is high in the north and low in the south. It inclines from the northwest to the southeast and is the lowest

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu A Ke Su Di Qu Ku Che Xian