Aksu City, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Aksu City, belonging to Aksu region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is located in the northwest edge of Taklimakan Desert and the upper reaches of Tarim River. It is named after water, which means "white water city" and "clear water" in Uygur language. In ancient times, it was the possession of Gumo and Wensu of 36 countries in the western regions of Qin and Han Dynasties. It was an important post station on the ancient Silk Road and the birthplace of Qiuci culture and Duolang culture. It was known as "the south of the Yangtze River beyond the Great Wall". It was the political, economic and cultural center of Aksu region and the original location of the first division of XPCC.

Aksu City has pleasant climate, flat terrain, fertile land, rich water source, sufficient light and long frost free period, which is suitable for the growth of all kinds of crops. The city's cultivated land area is 1.1629 million mu, forest area is 700000 mu, and grassland area is 4.03 million mu, which can be grazed throughout the year. It is an important commodity grain and commodity cotton base in China. Jujube, thin skinned walnut, Red Fuji apple, apricot, fragrant pear, grape, melon and other characteristic products enjoy high reputation at home and abroad. It is a famous hometown of melons and fruits.

Aksu city is an important high-quality cotton production base in China, and has become an important cotton trading distribution center and textile industry gathering center in Xinjiang. In 2018, the national health city (District) was reconfirmed. In 2019, China's top 100 counties and cities in Western China and the pilot unit of national rural governance system construction. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

In ancient times, it was the old land of Kumo state in the western regions.

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was called baluka, also known as Jimo. In 658, Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty set up gumozhou, which was subordinate to the prefecture of Anxi capital. In Song Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the Western Liao Dynasty.

During the yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was the fief of Chagatai, the king of Mongols, and it was called ASU.

In 1757, the Qing government sent troops to quell the rebellion in Junggar and designated Aksu as its place name.

In 1758, an Aksu minister was set up here.

In 1877, the General Administration of rehabilitation was set up in Aksu.

In the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, four cities (Yanqi, Kuqa, Aksu, Wushi) in the East set up Aksu sub patrol troops to prepare roads, and Aksu set up Wensu Zhili Prefecture.

Guangxu nine years (1883) completed the construction work and built Aksu new city, also known as the Han Dynasty, the new city is Aksu road and Wensu Zhili Prefecture.

In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zhili Prefecture was the prefecture, and Wensu Prefecture was the municipality directly under the central government. This is the area of Aksu City and Awati county.

In April 1913, Wensu Prefecture was changed to Aksu County, belonging to Aksu road.

After 1949, it was subordinate to Aksu special region and Aksu region.

In 1956, Aksu city was changed into Aksu town.

In May 1958, Wensu county was abolished and its administrative region was merged into Aksu county.

In 1962, the organizational system of Wensu county was restored, and the administrative region of Wensu County, which was merged in Aksu County in 1958, was separated from Aksu county and put under the jurisdiction of Wensu county.

On August 19, 1983, with the approval of the State Council, Aksu county was abolished and Aksu city at the county level was established.

On May 7, 1984, Aksu Municipal People's government was established.

On July 18, 1984, Aksu town was abolished and its four sub district offices were upgraded to township offices.

In 1999, Nancheng street was added in the urban area.

On February 6, 2012, KEKEYA sub district office was officially established.

On January 23, 2013, the government of the autonomous region (New Deal Letter No. 17) approved to put the 802.733 square kilometers area of Aksu City under the jurisdiction of alar city.

On November 14, 2014, the government of the autonomous region agreed to divide the yingbage community, Linyuan community and some areas of ayikule town under the jurisdiction of Yingbazha sub district into Duolang sub district. The sub district office is located in the office building of the neighborhood committee of yingbage community.

administrative division

In 2010, Aksu City has a total area of 14400 square kilometers, with a built-up urban area of 123.1 square kilometers. Municipal jurisdiction: yiganqi Township, baishitugeman Township, kalatale Town, topluk Township, kumbashi Township, ayikule Town, improved variety farm.

As of 2018, Aksu City has jurisdiction over 7 streets, 2 towns and 4 townships: balan street, Yingbazha street, Hongqiao street, Xincheng street, Nancheng street, KEKEYA street, Duolang street, kaletale Town, ayikule Town, yiganqi Township, baishitugman Township, topluk Township and kumbashi township; another 5 township level units: hongqipo farm, experimental forest farm and textile farm Industrial city, economic and Technological Development Zone, characteristic industrial park.

geographical environment

Geography

Aksu city is 213 km in length from north to South and 199 km in width from east to west. It is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the northwest edge of Tarim Basin, the south foot of Tianshan Mountain and the alluvial fan of Aksu River. It is adjacent to Wensu County in the north, Awati County in the south, Wushi and Keping counties in the west, Xinhe and Shaya counties in the East, Taklimakan Desert in the southeast, and Luopu and Cele counties in Hotan area. The geographical coordinates are 39 ° 30 ′ - 41 ° 27 ′ N and 79 ° 39 ′ - 82 ° 01 ′ E. Aksu city is located on the Bank of Duolang River, 40 ° 10 ′ N and 80 ° 16 ′ E. The northeast is 666km away from Urumqi, the capital of the autonomous region, and the highway mileage is 1010km. Located between Urumqi and Kashgar, it is an important town in southern Xinjiang.

climate

Aksu city is located in the depth of Eurasia, far from the ocean, with a typical warm temperate continental arid climate. The precipitation is rare, the evaporation is large, the climate is dry, and the frost free period is long. In spring, it is dry and windy, accompanied by dust and sand. In summer, it is thunderstorm, sometimes rainstorm, hail and other local strong convective weather. In autumn, the weather is better, the rainfall is significantly reduced, the temperature is appropriate, and it is relatively warm in winter, with less rain and snow.

sunshine

Aksu City has dry air, less cloud and more sunny days. The distribution characteristics are more in the South and less in the north. The annual sunshine hours are 2505-3136 hours, the average sunshine hours are 2809 hours, and the annual sunshine percentage is 60% - 70%. The total solar radiation is 130-140 kW / cm2

temperature

The annual average temperature of Aksu city is 10.8 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 40.7 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 27.6 ℃. There were 197 days when the daily average temperature was higher than 10 ℃.

Accumulated temperature

Aksu City has good light and heat conditions and abundant heat resources. The annual average stable accumulated temperature ≥ 10 ℃ is 3953 ℃ and ≥ 15 ℃. The stable accumulated temperature is 3299 ℃ and ≥ 20 ℃ is 1857 ℃.

Frost free period

The frost free period in Aksu city is longer, generally 190-251 days. The longest frost free period is 295 days, and the shortest is 160 days.

soil temperature

The average ground temperature in Aksu city is 12.0 ℃～ 15.1 ℃, the extreme maximum ground temperature is 62.4 ℃～ 71 ℃, and the extreme minimum ground temperature is - 27 ℃～ - 20 ℃. The average freezing date in Aksu city is generally from the end of November to the beginning of December, the earliest on November 10 and the latest on December 21. The depth of permafrost is generally 40-60 cm, and the deepest is 80 cm. The thawing date of 10 cm soil layer is from March 7 to 20, with an average of March 11.

wind speed

Due to the barrier effect of Tianshan Mountain, the annual wind speed in Aksu city is small, with an average annual wind speed of 1.5 m / s, the maximum wind speed of 10-15 M / s, and the historical maximum wind speed of 18.5 M / s,

wind direction

The wind direction is mostly northwest wind or west wind. The wind speed is the highest in spring, followed by summer, and the lowest in autumn and winter.

precipitation

The annual precipitation of Aksu city is generally 60-90 mm, with an average annual precipitation of 80.4 mm. The main precipitation period is from May to September, accounting for 70% - 80% of the annual precipitation. The precipitation in November is the least, with an average monthly precipitation of only 1 mm. Snowfall mainly concentrated in December to February of the next year.

evaporation

The annual evaporation is 1643-2202 mm, which is 27 times of the annual precipitation. In a year, the maximum is from May to August, the monthly average evaporation is 260-360 mm, and the minimum is about 20 mm in winter. The difference between summer and winter is more than 13 times, and the annual average evaporation is 1948 mm.

hydrology

Aksu River is one of the three major international rivers in Xinjiang, and it is also the main river supplied by Tarim River. The average amount of water that Aksu River flows into Tarim River for many years accounts for 73.2% of the three source flows (Hetian River, Yeerqiang River and Aksu River) above alar hydrological station, which plays a decisive role in the formation, development and evolution of Tarim River.

Aksu River: it is an international river in China and Kyrgyzstan, with a total drainage area of 52000 square kilometers, including 19000 square kilometers in Kyrgyzstan and 33000 square kilometers in China, with an annual runoff of 8.059 billion cubic meters. Aksu River is formed by the confluence of two major tributaries of kumarak River and toshigan River, which respectively flows through AHEQI county and Aksu Prefecture of Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture Wushi County, Wensu County, Aksu City, Awati county and other 5 counties (cities) in the district. After flowing through 12 kilometers, Aksu River is divided into two tributaries, the East branch is the new river, and the West Branch is the old river.

Kumarak River: it originates from kekeshale mountain in Kyrgyzstan, flows into pahadi village of Wensu County in China after crossing kekeshale mountain, and joins with toshigan River to enter Aksu River. The total length of the river is 293 km, including 10150 square km of foreign catchment area and 2306 km of Chinese catchment area, accounting for only 17.99% of the total catchment area. The annual average runoff is 4.788 billion cubic meters. Maximum year of the river

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu A Ke Su Di Qu A Ke Su Shi