Jiaxian County, formerly known as Jiazhou, was named after the reeds growing on both sides of Jialu river. It was renamed today in 1964. Jiaxian county is the hometown of the ode "Oriental red", the place where Mao Zedong led the Party Central Committee to fight in Northern Shaanxi, and a famous jujube County in China.
Jiaxian county is located in the northeast of Shaanxi Province, the West Bank of the Yellow River and the southern edge of the Mu Us Desert. It faces Linxian County of Shanxi Province across the Yellow River in the East, Suide County and Wubao County in the south, Mizhi County in the west, Yuyang District in the northwest, Tuwei River and Shenmu city in the north, 71 kilometers away from Yulin city. The total land area is 2029.82 square kilometers. The county has 12 towns, 1 sub district offices, 324 administrative villages, 103 thousand and 900 registered residence and 269 thousand and 500 population, of whom 50 thousand and 929 are urban residents and 32.1% are urbanization. There are Baiyunshan temple, Xianglu temple, Yunyan temple and other famous landscapes.
The proven mineral deposits in the territory include rock salt, coal, natural gas, ceramic clay, sand, stone, etc. 90% of the rock salt area has storage. The proved reserves are more than 100 billion tons, and the predicted reserves are 800 billion tons, accounting for 13.5% and 11.5% of the city's reserves respectively. The thickness of the salt layer is between 80-110 meters, and the burial depth is between 2400-2600 meters, which can be called the "salt Valley" in China.
On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On October 22, 2018, it was selected into the list of pilot areas for the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in 2018. In March 2019, it was listed as the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area sub County list. On February 27, 2020, Shaanxi Provincial People's Government approved to formally withdraw from the poverty-stricken counties.
History of construction
There are Neolithic sites in many places of Jiaxian county. In the spring and Autumn period, it was the land of Baizhai tribe. In the early Warring States period, it belonged to Jin Dynasty. After Han, Zhao and Wei divided into Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Zhao state. In the eighth year of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (330 BC), Qin defeated Zhao and became the upper Prefecture of Qin.
Huidi five years of the Western Han Dynasty (190 BC), the territory of the Yin County, Xihe county. After the Yin changed to round Yin. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped power and changed Yuanyin County into Fangyin county.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was called Yuanyin county again, and the area increased to the east of Yuyang District. It still belongs to Xihe county. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was occupied by Xiongnu. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it belonged to the former Qin (DI) and Daxia (Xiongnu).
In the fourth year of Shiguang (427) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Daxia was exterminated, and Gerong county was set up in the north and southeast of Yulin. It belongs to xiazhou (governing Wancheng) Huazheng county (governing the north of Jingbian County). In 552, Kaijiang County was set up in the northwest of the county and the northeast of Mizhi. Yanling County was set up in the south of the county and Wubao county. Both counties belong to Funing County, Suide County. In the second year of Baoding (562) of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Zhongxiang county and Zhongxiang county were set up in the northern part of the county, while Yanling County of Funing County was still in the southern part, which belonged to Yinzhou (now Beizhuang village, dangcha Township, Hengshan County).
In the first year of kaihuang (581) of Sui Dynasty, Zhongxiang county was changed into Zhenxiang county and Zhenxiang county because of the name taboo of Yang Zhong, the father of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. Zhenxiang county was abolished in 583, and both Zhenxiang county and Yanling County were transferred to Yinzhou. In 596, Yanling County was renamed Yanfu county. In the second year of Daye (606), Zhenxiang and Yanfu counties were transferred to Shangzhou. Three years (607), two counties to Diaoyin county (now Suide County).
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there were ten roads in the whole country, and Northern Shaanxi belonged to Guannei road. In the second year of Wude of Tang Dynasty (619), Zhenzhou was established. In 623, it was occupied by Liang Shidu, and Zhenzhou was abolished. In the second year of Zhenguan (628), Liang Shidu was destroyed and Yinzhou was established. Zhenxiang county was set up in the territory, which was under the jurisdiction of Yinzhou. The southern part of the county belongs to Yanfu County of Suizhou.
During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, it was occupied by the Tuoba Department of Dangxiang. Zhenxiang county was in the north of the county, and Yanfu county was in the south, all belonging to Yinzhou.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, because it was close to the Tuoba Department of Dangxiang, the county was often invaded or separated by it. From Song Taizu to Taizong Chunhua (960-994), it was under the jurisdiction of Shizhou, Hedong road. After the third year of Zhidao (997), it was occupied by Tuoba tribe. Yuanfeng five years (1082), song home jialuzhai. In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), Jialu and futu villages were assigned to Xixia in exchange for prisoners of war and recovered in the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097). In the second year of Yuanfu (1099), jialuzhai was promoted to Jinning army, and led Linquan county (now Linxian County of Shanxi Province), belonging to Hedong road. In the third year of Daguan (1109), Dinghu county (now Wubao County in Shaanxi Province and Liulin County in Shanxi Province) belonged to the Jinning army, with jurisdiction over five villages and five fortresses.
During the confrontation period between Jin Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty, the county was ruled by Jin Dynasty. Jinchu followed the song Jinning army and was under the jurisdiction of Hedong road. In the first year of Jin Zhenyuan (1153), it was changed to Fenzhou. In the 22nd year of Dading (1182), Jinning army was changed to Jinning Prefecture, and in the 24th year (1184), Jiazhou was renamed. In the second year of Xingding (1218) in May, due to the dilapidated Hedong Road, it was transferred to Yan'an Prefecture, with jurisdiction over 8 villages and 9 fortresses. In the third year of Zhengda (1226), Jiazhou was transformed into eight counties, namely Jialu, Tongqin, Wubao, Shenmu, Taihe, michuan, Fugu and Jianning.
After the unification of the Yuan Dynasty, it was established in Jiazhou in the Jin Dynasty, and was transferred from Yan'an prefecture to Yan'an Road. In 1269, Jialu County, Tongqin county and michuan county were abolished, and the jurisdiction still belonged to Jiazhou; Taihe County was abolished, and the jurisdiction was merged into Shenmu county; Jianning county was abolished, and the jurisdiction was merged into Fugu County. Jiazhou leads Wubao, Shenmu and Fugu counties.
In the early Ming Dynasty, it was still called Jiazhou. Yan'an Prefecture, the jurisdiction of Shenmu, Fugu, Wubao three counties. Hongwu four years (1371) November demoted to county, changed to suidezhou. In November of 1375, the county was promoted to a state, which was the same as before.
In the Qing Dynasty, Jiazhou still led Shenmu county, Fugu County and Wubao County, belonging to Yan'an Prefecture of Yanyu road. Yongzheng three years (1725) changed to Zhili prefecture (and Fu Ping level), directly under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi chief secretary, led by the three counties before. Nine years (1731) set up Yujia Road, road is located in Yulin. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), it was reduced to Sanzhou (Buling county). Shenmu county and Fugu County were changed to Yulin County, and Wubao county was changed to suidezhou county. In 1761, Yujia road was abolished.
It was changed to Jia County in 1913, belonging to Yulin road. In 1935, it was under the jurisdiction of the second administrative supervision area of Shaanxi Province. In October, Jialu county was established as a revolutionary base in the north of the county. It was abolished in the autumn of 1937, and part of its jurisdiction was incorporated into Shenfu county. In November 1941, the government of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region established the Suide District Commissioner's office. Jia county belongs to the district.
The people's Government of Jia County was established on January 1, 1944, which still belongs to Suide district. In March 1955, Jia County People's Committee was established. In October 1956, it was transferred to Yulin district. On December 10, 1958, it was merged into Mizhi County, and on September 1, 1961, Jia County was reestablished. In September 1964, the word "Jia" was changed to Jia county with the approval of the State Council. In September 1969, it was renamed Jia County Revolutionary Committee. In 1979, Yulin area was renamed Yulin area. In December 1980, it was renamed Jiaxian people's government. In 2000, Yulin city was set up, and Jiaxian county belongs to it.
administrative division
In 2016, Jiaxian County governs one street and 12 towns: Jiazhou street, Keng Town, Dian Town, Wu Town, jinmingsi Town, Tong Town, wangjiabian Town, Fangta Town, zhuguanzhai Town, zhujiadi Town, man Town, liuguoju town and mubuyu town.
geographical environment
position
Jiaxian county is located in the northeast of Shaanxi Province, on the West Bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It faces Linxian County of Shanxi Province across the Yellow River in the East, Yindou town and shajiadian town of Mizhi County in the west, Chashang town and Zhangjiashan town of Wubao County in the South and Ji town of Suide County in the north, huashiya town of Shenmu City, daheta Town, Qingyun town and Qingquan town of Yuyang District in the north. Located between 37 ° 41 ′ 47 "~ 38 ° 23 ′ 34" n and 110 ° 0 ′ 45 "~ 110 ° 45 ′ 10" E, it is 85 km long from north to South and 23.9 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 2029.82 square kilometers. The county is 123 kilometers away from Fugu County, 437 kilometers away from Xi'an, 186 kilometers away from Taiyuan, Shanxi, and 1275 kilometers away from Beijing.
landforms
There are two main mountains in the county: one is from Yulin in the northwest, extending 120 km southeast along the Jialu river bank to the county; the other is from Yuyang District and Mizhi District, tending to the northwest and southwest. In the two mountains, gullies, streams, slopes, beams and hills crisscross and the terrain is complex. The altitude ranges from 675 to 1339.5 meters, with a relative height difference of 664 meters. There are 33 gullies per square kilometer, with an average length of 2.12 kilometers. The relative height difference between the top of the hill and the bottom of the gully is 30-200m. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast; the mountains start in the northwest and end in the southeast, with small peaks in the northwest and high mountains in the southeast, extending to the Bank of the Yellow River to form cliffs. Due to serious soil and water loss, the Maowusu Desert slowly moved southward, and gradually formed three geomorphic divisions with obvious differences, i.e., the rocky mountainous area along the southeast Yellow River, the hilly and gully area in the southwest, and the sandstorm area in the north.
climate
Jiaxian is deep inland and belongs to warm temperate continental semi-arid monsoon climate. The winter is long and cold, the summer is short and the temperature difference is large. The sunshine time is long and the light and heat resources are abundant. Drought is the most serious natural disaster in Jiaxian County, mostly in spring and summer. The annual average precipitation is 386-404mm, and the climate is relatively dry. The interannual variation rate of precipitation is large, and the relative variation rate is 80%. The annual distribution is uneven, and the average annual precipitation can only meet 1 / 2 of the crop water demand. The precipitation concentrated in July, August and September, and the water use efficiency was very low. The annual extreme maximum temperature is 42.1 ℃ (June 22, 2005), and the annual extreme minimum temperature is minus 24.4 ℃ (December 27, 2002).
resources
Biological resources
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