Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province

Xiashan District, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, is located on the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland, Guangdong Peninsula, Leizhou peninsula. It is on the border of Zhanjiang Bay. The coastline is 28 kilometers long, and the West lies three Ridge Mountain Forest Park, with a land area of 117 square kilometers. By 2019, Xiashan district has jurisdiction over 12 streets with a permanent resident population of 438600.

Xiashan district is located in the subtropical zone, affected by the marine monsoon climate, the climate is mild. It is the central city of Zhanjiang, an open coastal city. It is the core economic area of Zhanjiang, which integrates the economic, transportation, trade and cultural centers of Zhanjiang.

In 2019, the gross output value of Xiashan district will be 40 billion yuan, including 14.49 billion yuan of industrial added value and 11.2 billion yuan of fixed asset investment.

Historical evolution

From the Sui Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, there were three counties in Suixi County, namely, Fansha County, Shenchuan county and Tieba county. In 628, shansha and Shenchuan were merged into Tieba county. In 743, tiequat county was changed into Suixi County. Xiashan district was under the jurisdiction of Suixi County from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. It was the 22nd capital of Suixi County, Leizhou Prefecture.

At the end of the 19th century, in October of the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (November 1899), the Qing government and France signed the Canton Bay concession treaty between China and France, which divided the Ma Xie Hai and some of the surrounding land originally belonging to Wuchuan and Suixi into leased land, called "Canton bay", and leased it to France. In 1911, it was changed into Xiying City, the predecessor of Xiashan district.

On February 20, 1943, Japan occupied Guangzhou Bay and Xiying became a Japanese colony. In March 1945, Guangzhou Bay autonomous region was established in Xiying. On February 16, 1946, Zhanjiang municipal government was formally established in Xiying.

On December 19, 1949, the West liberation camp of the Chinese people's Liberation Army. In 1950, the people's Government of Xiying District of Zhanjiang City was established. In 1957, the people's Government of Xiying district was abolished and Xiying street was established. In 1958, Xiying street was changed into Xiashan street. Xiashan people's commune was established in 1960. In 1967, Xiashan military control committee was established. In 1968, the military control committee of Xiashan district was abolished and the Revolutionary Committee of Xiashan district was established. In December 1980, the Revolutionary Committee of Xiashan district was abolished and the people's Government of Xiashan District of Zhanjiang City was established. In June 1984, Xiashan District became a municipal district.

administrative division

By 2019, Xiashan district has a total of 12 streets (Jiefang street, Aiguo street, Gongnong street, Youyi street, Xinxing street, Haibin street, Jianshe street, Dongxin Street, Xinyuan street, Haitou street, Quanzhuang street and Lehua Street), and the District People's government is stationed at No. 22, Jiefang West Road, Gongnong street.

geographical environment

Location context

Xiashan district is located in the northeast of Leizhou Peninsula, adjacent to Zhanjiang Harbor. The geographical coordinates are 110 ° 18 ′ - 110 ° 30 ′ E and 21 ° 01 ′ - 21 ° 17 ′ n. It faces Potou district across the sea of Ma Xie in the East, Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone in the northeast, Louxia village in the north, Wenbao village and caosu village in Chikan District, chentie village, Xiting village and Dongchun village in the northwest, baishuipo village, Houli village, shagouwei village and jiangmenpo village in Mazhang District, sanlingshan Forest Park in the west, Zhumei village in Mazhang District, and Beiyue village and Mulan village in Mazhang District in the southwest At the junction of Luxu district and Kelu village, Zhanjiang port in the southeast is connected with the East Island Economic Experimental Zone. The whole region consists of a continent and Techeng Island, with a total land area of 117 square kilometers.

Geology and geomorphology

Xiashan area belongs to the lower Pleistocene of Cenozoic Quaternary. The main lithology is a set of variegated clay, silty sand, silty clay, clay, gravel and sand interbedding, with thickness ranging from 13.58 m to 254.14 M. The occurrence of the strata is nearly horizontal, the cross bedding is developed, and it is in parallel unconformity contact with the underlying lower Tertiary Xiayang formation. The occurrence of Quaternary loose to semi consolidated deposits in Xiashan area is close to horizontal, and the basement under it has experienced multiple tectonic movements. The basement structural framework is mainly composed of NE and NW trending basement faults, followed by EW and NS trending basement faults, which are concealed basement faults and control the formation of local fault depression and uplift.

Due to the influence of physical, chemical, human, material and natural disasters in Xiashan area, some geological disasters such as land subsidence, landslides, collapses, ground fissures, deformation of expansive soil, deformation of soft soil foundation, environmental water pollution, soil erosion and land sanding, siltation of reservoirs, ponds and ports have occurred in some places.

Xiashan district is composed of land and an island. It is 10.5 km wide from east to west and 12 km long from north to south. Excluding the Strait, the total land area is 116.97 square kilometers, of which the area of Techeng island is 3.6 square kilometers.

The terrain of Xiashan district is higher in the north and northwest, and gradually inclines to the coast, with coastal plain as the main part, platform in some parts and hills in between, with the proportion of about 5:3:2. The coastal plain is mainly distributed in the southeast coastal zone, and the platform and hills are in the northwest. Altitude: the coastal plain is between 2-20 meters, the platform is between 30-50 meters, and the highest point is Sanling mountain, with an altitude of 108-165 meters. The terrain of this area is flat, the soil layer is deep, most of the ground slope is within 10 degrees.

climate

Xiashan district is located in the northern edge of the tropics south of the Tropic of cancer. It has a tropical monsoon climate with long summer and short winter, long sunshine and mild climate. The rainfall is rich and unevenly distributed, and the threat of typhoon, drought, sea tide and lightning is great.

Xiashan district has strong solar radiation and long sunshine time. The sunshine hours from July to October are 215.2 hours and 194.2 hours respectively. 2. The sunshine duration in March is short, 77.6 hours and 79 hours respectively. The annual average solar radiation is 110.28 kcal / cm2.

Xiashan has a tropical monsoon climate, with a longer hot season and a shorter cold season. The temperature is the highest in July, with a monthly average of 28.9 ℃. The lowest temperature was in January, with a monthly average of 15.8 ℃. The annual extreme high temperature is 38.1 ℃ (May 9, 1958), and the annual extreme low temperature is 2.8 ℃ (January 17, 1967). In terms of heat conditions, there is no winter in the sense of meteorology.

hydrology

There are only two small rivers in Xiashan District: Nanliu River and Lutang river.

Nanliu River is a shallow river with a total length of 13.5 km. It originates from Sanling mountain, flows through Haitou town in Xiashan District, and flows into Zhanjiang Bay in the east of Baoman village in Xiashan district. The upper and middle reaches of the river are dry all year round, and the lower reaches become urban sewage river.

The Longtang river is a shallow river with a total length of 6.2 km. It originates from houtangling, Wushan village, Haitou Town, Xiashan district. The lower reaches have become urban sewage ditches.

The average tidal range of Zhanjiang Bay is 2.18 m, and the maximum tidal range is 4.52 M. From the mouth of the bay to the top of the Bay, the tidal range increases, and the rising tide lasts longer than the falling tide. The tidal current is controlled by topography, and it is a reciprocating current. The maximum velocity of rising tide is 2 knots, and that of falling tide is 3 knots. Typhoon surge water level as high as 6 meters.

soil

Xiashan district is surrounded by sea on both sides, with low terrain and zonal distribution of soil. The main soil forming materials are coastal alluvium and shallow sea sediment. The soil developed by coastal alluvium is distributed in the coastal zone, and the soil developed by shallow sea sediment covers the whole area, accounting for 51.93% and 33.75% of the land area of 116.97 square kilometers in Xiashan area, respectively. Basalt soil and Sandy Rock Soil account for 14.32% of the land area in Xiashan area. The soil types in Xiashan district are paddy soil, latosol, vegetable garden soil, coastal sandy soil, coastal saline soil and coastal saline swamp soil.

natural resources

land resource

The land area of Xiashan district is 116.97 square kilometers, 173322.7 mu. Among them, there are 49496.7 mu of cultivated land, 163.6 mu of garden land, 19406.2 mu of forest land, 15.4 mu of pasture land, 49312.8 mu of residential land and industrial and mining land, 3776 mu of traffic land, 45486.4 mu of water area and 5665.6 mu of other unused land.

More than 50% of Xiashan district is coastal plain with flat terrain, most of the ground slope is below 10 degrees, and the land utilization rate is high. Soil nutrient content: organic matter 0.21%, total nitrogen 0.01%, total phosphorus 0.02%, total potassium 0.48%, pH 6.1. The organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium in Latosol are 0.66% ～ 1.75%, 0.03% ～ 0.06%, 0.02% ～ 0.04%, 0.29% and 5.0 ～ 5.5, respectively. In low peat paddy soil, organic matter was 6.90%, total nitrogen was 0.18%, salty nitrogen was 168.5ppm, available phosphorus was 17.6ppm, available potassium was 56.7ppm, and pH was 6.0.

ocean resources

Xiashan district is adjacent to Zhanjiang Bay on both sides, with a total coastline of 28.5 km, of which the coastline of Techeng island is 7.5 km.

In 1998, Xiashan district was designated as a national marine plant protection area.

Xiashan district is rich in aquatic resources. In 2000, the beach area of Xiashan district was 512.4 hectares, the shallow sea area within the 10 meter isobath was about 4000 hectares, and the fishing ground within the 30 meter isobath was about 1400 square kilometers. The fishing grounds within 10 km from the urban area include Guangzhou Bay fishing ground, Leizhou Bay fishing ground and Zhanjiang Port fishing ground. The fishing ground has a long flood season and high yield. Main marine organisms: fish include gobio, Spanish mackerel, mackerel, gobio, grouper, black pomfret, white pomfret, Pseudosciaena crocea, squid, cuttlefish (SQUID), octopus, minnow, etc. Shrimp include Chinese shrimp, Japanese shrimp, dog shrimp, shrimp, etc. crabs

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Zhan Jiang Shi Xia Shan Qu