Shennongjia Forest District, a county administrative division directly under the central government of Hubei Province

Shennongjia forest region, located in the northwest of Hubei Province, was established in 1970 with the approval of the State Council. It is the only administrative division named "forest region" in China, which is directly under the central government of Hubei Province.

Shennongjia forest region is located in Wudang Mountain, a tourist belt composed of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. It borders Baokang County, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province in the East, Wushan County, Chongqing City in the west, Xingshan and Badong in the South and the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in the south, Fangxian and Zhushan counties, Shiyan City in the north, overlooking Wudang Mountain scenic spot. It spans 109 ° 56 ′～ 110 ° 58 ′ E and 31 ° 15 ′～ 31 ° 75 ′ n, covering a total area of 3253 square kilometers. It governs 6 towns, 2 townships, 1 National Nature Reserve, 1 Forestry Administration Bureau of state-owned forest industry enterprises and 1 National Wetland Park, with forest land accounting for more than 85%. In 2014, the registered residence population was 79248. In 2018, the region's GDP was 2.8 billion yuan, an increase of 10.1%. The local general public budget revenue was 510 million yuan, an increase of 10.1%. On August 7, 2018, the Hubei provincial government approved Shennongjia forest region to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties. In September 2018, it won the title of "China natural oxygen bar". In March 2019, it was listed as the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area sub County list.

Shennongjia is China's first "three crown" heritage site jointly entered by UNESCO's man and biosphere nature reserve, World Geopark and world heritage protection system. On July 17, 2016, Shennongjia was listed in the world heritage list, becoming the first World Natural Heritage in Hubei Province and the 11th World Natural Heritage in China.

Evolution of organizational system

Shennongjia is named after the ancestor of China, Emperor Yan, who built a wooden ladder here, tasted all kinds of grass, saved the people from dying and taught the people to farm.

In May 1970, the State Council approved the division of 24 communes, 2 herbal medicine farms and 1 Farm in Fangxian, Xingshan and Badong as the administrative division of Shennongjia forest region, which is the only provincial administrative region in China named after "forest region".

In 1971, it was under the jurisdiction of Yichang regional Revolutionary Committee.

In March 1972, it returned to the provincial government.

In May 1976, it was under the jurisdiction of Yunyang regional Revolutionary Committee.

In August 1983, it returned to Hubei Province.

In November 1980, the provincial government approved the establishment of the people's Government of Shennongjia forest region and abolished the Shennongjia Forest Region Revolutionary Committee.

In 1985, xiaguping, Shimo and Banqiaohe townships managed by Badong County were transferred to Shennongjia forest region.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 2009, Xinhua township was abolished and Xinhua Town was established. The former administrative region of Xinhua township was the administrative region of Xinhua Town, and the town government was stationed in zhangshuping.

Zoning details

At the end of 2009, the total area of Shennongjia forest region was 3215.83 square kilometers, with a total population of 80321. It governs 5 towns and 3 townships: Songbai Town, Yangri Town, Hongping Town, Muyu Town, Xinhua Town, Songluo Township, Jiuhu Township and XiaGu pingtu family township. It has 68 administrative villages, 9 neighborhood committees and 328 villager groups.

Shennongjia forest region has a total of 8 township administrative regions, including 5 towns, 2 townships and 1 Ethnic Township, namely Songbai Town, Yangri Town, Muyu Town, Hongping Town, Xinhua Town, Songluo Township, Jiuhu Township and xiaguping Tujia township. Shennongjia Forest Region People's government is located at 18 Changqing Road, Songbai town.

geographical environment

Location context

Shennongjia Forest Region (east longitude 109 ° 56 ′～ 110 ° 58 ′, north latitude 31 ° 15 ′～ 31 ° 75 ′) is located in the northwest border of Hubei Province. It is adjacent to Baokang in the East, Wushan in Chongqing in the west, Xingshan and Badong in the south, Three Gorges in the South, Fangxian and Zhushan in the north and Wudang in the West.

Geomorphic formation

From the end of Indosinian movement to the beginning of Yanshanian movement, the Shennongjia forest region experienced strong folds and large area tilting, which laid the geomorphic framework of the region. Due to the change of Quaternary climate, glacial landforms remained in some areas, resulting in complex and diverse landforms. Shennongjia mountain range is located in the southwest of Shennongjia forest region, with the highest elevation of 3105.4 meters in shennongding, which is also the highest point in Central China; the lowest point in the forest region is Shizhu River in xiaguping Township, with an elevation of 398 meters and a relative elevation difference of 2707.4 meters. According to the morphological characteristics and genetic types of geomorphology in the area, it can be divided into four types of geomorphic units: tectonic dissolution geomorphology, dissolution erosion geomorphology, denudation erosion geomorphology and accumulation geomorphology.

Climatic characteristics

Shennongjia belongs to the north subtropical monsoon climate zone, which is the transition zone from subtropical climate to temperate climate. It is humid and rainy in summer and mild and rainless in winter. The annual radiation is 103.7 kcal / m2, and the annual sunshine hours are 1858.3 hours. The sunshine hours and total radiation decrease with the increase of altitude. The average annual temperature and frost free period vary greatly with altitude. The annual precipitation is between 800-2500 mm, which increases with the elevation. Frost often occurs at the turn of spring and summer, generally from the end of September to the end of April of the next year. The average annual evaporation is 500-800mm and the drought index is 0.50-0.53. Southeast wind prevails 80% of the year.

natural resources

land resource

Shennongjia forest area has 7046.86 hectares of arable land, accounting for 2.2% of Hubei Province; 674.06 hectares of garden land, accounting for 0.2% of Hubei Province; 295260.59 hectares of forest land, accounting for 90.8% of Hubei Province; 661.76 hectares of pasture land, accounting for 0.21% of Hubei Province; 1241.47 hectares of other agricultural land, accounting for 0.3% of Hubei Province; 1256.3 hectares of residential land, industrial and mining land, accounting for 0.39% of Hubei Province; and 0.39% of transportation land There are 396.89 hectares of land, accounting for 0.12% of the total area of Hubei Province; 1119.18 hectares of water area, accounting for 0.34% of the total area of Hubei Province; 15014.2 hectares of unused land, accounting for 4.67% of the total area of Hubei Province. The per capita cultivated land area of the whole region is 1.33 mu.

Mineral resources

Shennongjia is a fault dome structure located in the e fault area of yangziping on the Yangtze Huaihe platform. The strata are mainly Precambrian, composed of slightly metamorphic rocks, marine carbonate rocks, clastic rocks, diabase, gabbro and many volcanic eruptive rocks. Therefore, Shennongjia has favorable metallogenic conditions and abundant mineral resources.

Shennongjia has proven 15 kinds of minerals (excluding sand and clay), including phosphate, iron ore, magnesium ore, lead-zinc ore, silicon ore, copper ore, building stone, etc., with 53 kinds of deposits (spots), of which the main minerals are phosphate, iron ore, copper ore, magnesium ore, lead-zinc ore, silicon ore, etc. At present, the proven reserves of phosphate rock are 150 million tons, iron ore 20.294 million tons, lead-zinc ore of more than 500000 tons, copper ore of 1.176 million tons, magnesium ore of 371000 tons and silicon ore of 8.5 million tons.

Water resources

Shennongjia is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Han River in Hubei Province. There are four water systems in Shennongjia forest area, including Xiangxi River, Yandu River, Nanhe River and Duhe river. There are 317 rivers in Shennongjia forest area, including 1 River with an area of more than 1000 square kilometers. Shennongjia is rich in water resources. The annual average precipitation is 3.644 billion cubic meters, the annual average runoff is 2.2004 billion cubic meters, the total water resources is 2.2-2.5 billion cubic meters, and the per capita water resources is 13591 cubic meters.

The valley in Shennongjia forest region has obvious characteristics of childhood, steep and dangerous, with V-shaped cross section, large slope and rapid flow. Restricted by specific geographical conditions, Shennongjia water resources are mainly in the development and utilization of water resources except for a small amount of agricultural irrigation water, industrial water and social life water. According to the survey, the theoretical reserves of hydropower resources in Shennongjia are 570000 kW, and the exploitable capacity is 350000 kW.

Biological resources

Shennongjia has preliminarily identified 3183 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 872 genera of 199 families, including 927 species of fungi and lichens; among them, 76 species belong to national key protected plants, such as Davidia involucrata, Davidia Guangye, lianxiangshu, shuiqingshu, xiangguoshu, etc.; 42 species belong to Shennongjia West Hubei special plants, such as Hanbai poplar, Hongping apricot, etc. There are more than 1800 kinds of medicinal plants, which are well-known at home and abroad as "natural medicine garden". There are 493 vertebrate species in Shennongjia, accounting for 57.5% of the total vertebrate species in Hubei Province. Among them, 75 species belong to 22 families in 7 orders of Mammalia, 308 species belong to 48 families in 16 orders of ornithia, 40 species belong to 27 genera in 8 families in 2 orders of Reptilia, 23 species belong to 7 families in 2 orders of Amphibia, 47 species belong to 32 genera in 10 families in 4 orders of Pisces, accounting for 61.9%, 71.5%, 68.9%, 50.0% and 23.4% of the total species in Hubei Province respectively. Shennongjia is rich in insect resources, including 4143 species, 157 families, 28 orders. There are 73 species of wildlife under state key protection. In addition, more than 30 kinds of albino animals have been found, such as musk deer, white gazelle, white snake, white bear and so on. Many albino animals are also a distinctive feature of animal resources in the region. (data as of 2013)

According to the zoogeographical division of China, Shennongjia belongs to Oriental realm, central China region and western mountainous plateau subregion. According to the composition analysis of 75 species of mammals, 236 species of birds and 63 species of amphibians and reptiles, Oriental species are dominant, accounting for 64.97% of the total species. The most common species is the widespread species, accounting for 17.65% of the total species. Palaearctic species account for 17.38% of the total species. It can be found that the species in the South and North are mixed, showing transitional characteristics.

Shennongjia is the main area of snub nosed monkey. Rhinopithecus roxellana is a rare animal endemic to China. It is distributed in parts of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Shennongjia of Hubei Province. Before the 1960s, Shennongjia was basically located at

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