Li Hongzhang's Hall

Enjoy the hall

synonym

Li Hongzhang's Xiangtang generally refers to Xiangtang (Hefei Xiangtang)

Xiangtang, also known as Li Hongzhang Xiangtang, is located in the south of Heyu Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province, and in the eastern suburb of Daxing town. It faces south in the north and faces Yuxi Road in the north. It was built in 1902, the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty.

Xiangtang covers an area of 2500 square meters. It has four original houses, including East and West Flower halls and squatters, with 99 rooms in total. There are warehouses and warehouses in the East, and a screen wall in front of the gate. Outside the Zhaobi, there are three steles, such as the imperial stele and the imperial gift stele. To the southwest of the stele is Li Hongzhang's cemetery, and the road in front of the tomb leads directly to the Nanfei river.

history

Li Hongzhang, a military and political minister in the late Qing Dynasty, was born in Madian, Dongxiang, Hefei in 1823 and died in Xianliang temple, the capital's residence in 1901. He was 78 years old.

In 1903, his coffin was transported back to Hefei from Beijing and buried in xiaxiaoying, Dongxiang, Hefei. In order to offer sacrifices to him, the descendants of the Li family built a large-scale hall beside the tomb. In 1985, Xiangtang was announced as a municipal cultural relic protection unit. In 2002, it was restored in situ and officially opened to the public on May 1, 2003. In 2004, it was announced as a provincial cultural relics protection unit.

Li Hongzhang's hall is a general term for the buildings on the tomb, that is, the buildings beside the tomb. The existing Li Hongzhang hall covers an area of 14000 square meters, with a construction area of nearly 3000 square meters. It is a well preserved Hall of fame in China. It can be divided into three parts: Tomb Park in the west, Xiangtang District in the middle and cangfang District in the East.

When he was buried in his hometown, he went to Nanfei river via Chaohu Lake, where he was buried. Later, the sacrificial officials went ashore by this waterway. In fact, it is the ancestral tomb and ancestral hall of Li Hongzhang's family. It is a large-scale courtyard with two groups of three rooms and wing rooms on both sides. There are 444 existing brick structure halls and wing rooms. In addition, there are two remnant steles, one of which reads: "the great scholar of Wenhua hall in the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Zhili Li Wenzhong's ancestral hall. The proof is the ancestral hall for sacrificial offerings, so it is called the room for sacrificial offerings or the hall for sacrificial offerings. On one of the inscriptions, there are inscriptions of Emperor Guangxu, such as "doctor Guanglu, Prince Taifu, Bachelor of wenhuadian, governor of Zhili, minister in full power". In 1985, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level. There is an ancient tree (No. 012) in the hospital. It is Magnolia grandiflora with a diameter of 0.65 meters and a height of 10 meters. Now it has turned the corner and is full of vitality. In 2003, it was opened to the outside world after restoration and expansion. The restored hall covers an area of more than 13000 square meters, with a construction area of nearly 3000 square meters. It is a well preserved and rebuilt hall in China. It can be roughly divided into three parts: Tomb Park in the west, Xiangtang in the middle and warehouse in the East. The gate of the hall and the cemetery faces north and south. In front of the gate, there is a stone archway with four pillars, three rooms and three floors, engraved with the four characters "Jun Heng Du Hu" given by Emperor Guangxu. The three steles now restored stand side by side outside the gate of the mountain. According to the Jianghuai morning post on November 29, 2002, a 13 meter carved archway, known as the first archway in Luzhou, was completed in front of the gate of Xiangtang. The memorial archway with four pillars is engraved with the word "Jun Heng Du Hu" given to Li Hongzhang by Emperor Guangxu. The restored hall has added a tourist attraction to the ancient city of Hefei.

traffic

Route: 6, 15, 28, 106, 147

Layout of scenic spots

Li Hongzhang hall is divided into three parts: Tomb area, sacrifice area and warehouse area. At the gate of Li Hongzhang's hall, there is a new stone archway with four pillars, three rooms and three floors. On the archway, the characters "Jun Heng Du Hu" are engraved, which was given by Emperor Guangxu at Li Hongzhang's 70th birthday to show his respect and recognition. The arch is also the largest span and the highest height of the new stone arch between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River.

Tomb Park

After entering through the gate, to the west is the cemetery. In ancient China, there was a complete system of tomb system with distinct hierarchy. Just as in the real society, there was a very strict and obvious distinction between different official positions. The Shinto tablet is placed at the entrance of Shinto, which introduces the life and achievements of the tomb owner. The content of Li Hongzhang's Shinto tablet was written by Wu Rulun, a great master of Tongcheng school at that time. It has nearly 2000 words, which describes Li Hongzhang's life and the situation of the Imperial court's pursuing Li Hongzhang and rewarding Li's descendants. Due to the style of writing, Yu Yue wrote the inscription. The Shinto of Li Hongzhang's tomb is about 30 meters long. There are five pairs of stone statues on both sides. From south to north, they are Shiyang, Shihu, Shima, military officer and civil official. According to the law of the Qing Dynasty, officials above grade three can use six stone beasts, and officials below grade six are not allowed to set stone carvings. In front of the tomb, there are a pair of stone candlesticks and a pair of treasure bottles, with a censer in the middle, collectively known as shiwugong. With a height of 6 meters and a diameter of 7 meters, the tomb is the joint Tomb of Li Hongzhang and Mrs. Zhao. Between the burial area and the sacrificial area is the stele corridor, which is embedded with the stone inscription of the Chinese calligraphy treasure xihongtang Sutra. So why was it put in Li Hongzhang's hall? This is related to Li Hanzhang, Li Hongzhang's elder brother. "Xihongtang Sutra" is a stone edition of famous calligraphy from Wei, Jin, song and Yuan Dynasties. It was carved by Dong Qichang in Ming Dynasty. The name of the Tang is derived from the meaning of "Feihong Xihai" in the book review of Yuan ang in Southern Dynasty. At first it was woodcut, but later it was destroyed by fire, and the ancient books and stones were re carved. Single sided engraving, a total of 264 layout, divided into 16 volumes. There are more than 90 pieces of famous works, such as Luo Shen Fu by Wang Xianzhi, nu Shi Zhen by Gu Kaizhi, CI tie and preface to Lanting by Wang Xizhi, and LAN Ting Shi by Liu Gongquan. It is a famous Cong tie and has always been highly appraised. Through the whole book, we can see the evolution of calligraphy style, the style of the times and personal characteristics of calligraphy at a glance. After Dong Qichang's death, the stone inscription of xihongtang Sutra changed its owner several times. During the reign of Guangxu, Li Hanzhang transported the stone from Suzhou to Hefei and built "Ouxiang village" for collection. In 1943, when it was transported to Lihuang county (now Jinzhai County), the capital of Anhui Province at that time, it was pursued by Japanese invaders, and more than half of the stone carvings were lost. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was handed over to the Preparatory Office of Anhui Provincial Museum for collection in 1953. At present, there are more than 110 stone inscriptions, such as Zhao Zi'ang's Xue Fu, Su Dongpo's Sheng Lun, and Tang Ming Huang's Ling song.

Li Hongzhang's Tomb Park is composed of Shinto tablet, Shinto, stone statue and tomb. The Shinto tablet, placed at the entrance of Shinto, mainly describes Li Hongzhang's life and the situation of the imperial court's pursuing and rewarding him and Li's descendants. It was written by Wu Rulun, a great master of Tongcheng school.

The Shinto of Li Hongzhang's tomb is about 30 meters long. Shinto is close to the tomb, and there are stone statues beside it. In front of the tomb, there are five stone offerings and a table for offering sacrifices. With a height of 6 meters and a radius of 7 meters, the tomb is the joint burial of Li Hongzhang and Zhao Xiaolian, Zhao's wife.

Sacrificial area

The sacrificial area in the East is the main part of Li Hongzhang's hall. The main building of the sacrificial area is called the hall, so the whole three parts are collectively called Li Hongzhang's hall. The sacrificial area is composed of the screen wall, the hall, the front hall (also called the hall of enjoyment), the sleeping hall and the wing room. There are three Imperial Sacrificial tablets outside Zhaobi, each of which is 4 meters high. It's rare for ordinary people to have imperial steles, while Li Hongzhang's hall has three, which shows that the Qing government attaches great importance to him. In the Imperial Sacrificial tablet, he was evaluated as "loyal and pure in nature, great and generous in Taoism", and compared with the ancient good prime ministers Kou Zhun, Zhuge Liang, Xie an and Pei Du. Under the tablet, it looks like a huge stone turtle, but it is not. This is the legendary descendant of the dragon, named Mian.

Ancient people have the idea of ghosts and gods. They think that people don't really die after they die, but they just go to another world. Therefore, when people build tombs and enjoy halls, they still imitate the residence design before life, so that they can enjoy the treatment before death. Therefore, there is a Hall in the front, the middle is the front hall, which is equivalent to the living room, and the bedroom in the back is the place for the dead to rest, which is different from the residence Yes, there is no bed, but a spiritual place. Generally speaking, the overall specification is a little smaller than before.

There is a screen door in the hall of Xiangtang. In the past, the screen door was not opened. It was only opened when the spring and Autumn Festival and important people came to worship. Most people could only walk around from both sides. Ordinary people can't set foot in Xiangtang at ordinary times. According to an interview with the tenant's family of the former Xiangtang, his father has lived next to Xiangtang all his life, but he hasn't been able to go in and have a look inside. As soon as he entered the courtyard, eight wooden pillars were set up, which were called the soul calling flag. There is a Magnolia grandiflora tree in the northeast corner of the courtyard, which has a history of 100 years. Hexiangtang is a product of the same period. Magnolia grandiflora originated in the south. It is said that it was given by Empress Dowager Cixi to the officers and soldiers of the Huai army who made contributions. It was widely planted in Hefei. As the leader of the Huai army, Li Hongzhang also had a reward. Therefore, Magnolia grandiflora will become the city flower of Hefei today.

The front hall, also known as the hall of enjoyment, faces south in the north, with five bays, three bright rooms and two dark rooms. There are seven large plaques hanging in the front hall. In the middle of the two plaques are "balanced Duhu" and "tiaoding Ning", which were given to Li Hongzhang by Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi. These two plaques are black gold characters with eight golden dragons carved around them. With the emperor's seal on the plaques, there are nine dragons, which symbolize the extreme of dignity. At that time, there was also a blood garment hanging in the middle of the front hall, which was worn by Li Hongzhang when he was assassinated during the negotiation in Japan after the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895. Why did the Li family keep the blood clothes in Xiangtang? On the one hand, it can show Li's spirit of loyalty to the country, but perhaps the most important thing is to break the rumors that Li colluded with the Japanese to betray the country through his bloodstained clothes. The hatchback room in the front hall used to be used as a resting place for visitors

Chinese PinYin : Li Hong Zhang Xiang Tang