Nanzong nunnery

Nanzong nunnery is the largest nunnery in Qinghai Province, and it is called "sangdan pegelin" in Tibetan. "Juemo" (or nuns) constitute an integral part of Tibetan Buddhism culture. They are composed of a group of Tibetan women (mostly teenagers). The rules of the temple are very strict. The nuns live a hard life and have a peaceful heart. They wear the same clothes as the lamas, live in the monk's house funded by the family, and are diligent in practice every day. Every year, Buddhist activities are held for several days in the first month, March, April, may and August of the lunar calendar, and pilgrims come to worship by name.

Nanzong nunnery

Nanzong nunnery

In Tibetan, it is called "Nanzong Jingwu Xingwang island". It is located in the north of aqionnanzong Temple (sao'erhe danjielin) in nanzonggou, Kanbula township. It is said that it was built in Yuan Dynasty by gulangcang. Before 1958, the temple had a total construction area of about 40 mu, including one Sutra hall and one Buddha Hall, 50 nunnery houses, 150 nunnery houses, 50 mu of arable land, 55 nuns in 25 households, including one living Buddha. The main source of incense was Zhiganglaka and other villages. After 1958, there were a few nunnery houses. At present, there are nearly 100 nuns (the number announced is 70), and gujiasai is the temple master. The specific affairs of the temple are in the charge of renzeng angmao, the director of the temple management committee.

summary

Gulangcang, originally from gulangdi, now dangshun Township, is a famous living Buddha of Ningma sect in Jianzha area. Nanzong nunnery temple he founded is famous for its long history and numerous nuns.

Since 1980, the number of nuns in Nanzong nunnery temple has increased year by year. Nuns mainly come from Jianzha and Tongren counties, Hainan and Hualong counties. Most of them are teenagers, including ordinary farmers and herdsmen, and a considerable number of them are primary and secondary school graduates. Most of the reasons for their joining the temple are frustration in marriage, lack of comprehensive treatment for illness, etc. some of them also enter the temple because of many parents, difficulties in raising their children or preaching.

Life style

Sandan qiongpeilin, the Southern Sect of Aqiao in Qinghai Province, is an ancient nunnery Temple of Ningma sect. It is located at the foot of the mountain "Aqiao Southern Sect" in Kanbula Township, Jianzha County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. The temple has been one of the main nuns of Ningma sect in Anduo Tibetan area since ancient times. Since the resumption of opening-up in 1980, the Sandan qiongpeilin of aqiannanzong has begun to take shape. As of August 1994, it has 160 nuns, who are a special social group composed of Tibetan women (mostly teenagers). In the process of establishing their own teaching system and rituals, they set up the unique life style of the order.

1、 Religious life of nuns

Each nun of the third danpeilin of the southern patriarch of Aqiao had to go through certain procedures and conditions from leaving home, practicing monasticism alone, joining the order, living in temples and starting their new life religious life. Generally speaking, everyone who becomes a monk or accepts the "three returns", that is, to convert to Buddhism, to convert to the law, to convert to monks, to convert to the three treasures, must be in good health, believe in religion, stick to the commandments, and study the Scriptures wholeheartedly before he can enter the temple. Moreover, the general procedure is also carried out according to the Buddhist precepts. It is described as follows:

1. He entered the temple. Shaving is a rule for Buddhists to accept the commandments. Before entering the temple, every nun of qiongpeilin, the third Dan of Aqiao Nanzong, usually needs to find a nun who is high in Taoism, good in knowledge, has a certain reputation in the temple, and has entered the temple to recite. That is to say, a nun who has been formally incorporated into the temple organization can become her own "yizhishi". This "yizhishi" can only be accepted as a disciple with the consent of the temple, and then the "yizhishi" will become a new brother in the Buddhist hall A ceremony of shaving was held. He shaved the hair braids on the head of his new disciples and offered them to the statue of Buddha Sakyamuni. He put on the vestments, gave the name of the Dharma, and gave them the precepts of shamini, that is, 1. No killing; 2. No stealing; 3. No lewdness; 4. No lying; 5. No drinking; 6. No painting Shamanism; 7. No listening to songs and dances; 8. No sitting in a big bed; 9. No eating at the right time; 10. No storing gold and silver treasures.

He left home to enter the temple as a monk and Nun, which was originally a reclusive system of Brahmanism in India, and later used by Buddhism. In Volume 21 of Zengyi ahan Sutra, it is said that those who have four surnames to shave their hair and become a monk by faith should destroy their original name and call themselves disciples of Sakyamuni After Buddhism was introduced into Tibet, the precepts were also accepted by Tibetan Buddhism. Although the religious doctrines of different sects have different emphasis, the ways and methods of accepting the precepts are also different. However, it is not only the basic way for Tibetan Buddhists to seek teachers, practice and manage the Tao, and benefit their life, but also a way to continue Tibetan Buddhism.

2. Entrance ceremony. In order to control, control and manage monks and nuns, the major Tibetan Buddhist temples have a kind of ritual system. This kind of ritual system has formed the rules or systems that the major temples of Tibetan Buddhism choose to accept monks and nuns. In the Nanzong nunnery temple in Aqiao, nuns with shaved hair must first teach the various religious principles and methods practiced by the sect word by word through the "yizhishi". In particular, they must master and be familiar with the basic content of "daily recitation". Only after passing the examination, can they be accepted as the official nuns of the mission or the temple, and are qualified to participate in the activities held by the temple It's a kind of ritual. Generally, when each new nun enters the temple for the first time (enters the Sutra Hall) to participate in the "daily recitation", she should present hada and give tea and other gifts to the temple, or 5 to 10 yuan. And by GE GUI for her to join the church organization, into the temple class recitation blessing. Then, if the nun kowtows to the Buddha three to seven times, she can be included in the "daily recitation" table. From then on, he belonged to the temple and got the qualification of Nun. The procedures of this system are different in different monasteries of Tibetan Buddhism. In the Nanzong nun temple in Aqiao, this procedure is relatively strict, and it has become a means of restricting nuns in the temple.

3. Daily recitation. It is a daily ritual for Tibetan Buddhists to gather in the Sutra hall to read Buddhist sutras, recite sutras, hold sutras, offer sacrifices to Buddha and chant chants. Every major monastery of Tibetan Buddhism has the ritual of daily recitation. In ancient India, "allegorical recitation of Buddhist scriptures followed the" three grades "system. First, he praised the Buddhist poems collected by Ma Ming, then recited the Buddhist scriptures, and then stated his wish to return." This method of recitation has also become the basic system of recitation activities of various religious sects of Tibetan Buddhism, and is generally followed. But the content of each sect is not exactly the same, even if it is the same sect, in the same place, the content of daily recitation is also different. The main contents of daily Recitation in the Nanzong nunnery Temple of Aqiao include: first offering (Tibetan after recitation), pharmacist's offering praise, sanjujing, Shengpu Xianxing, entering Bodhisattva's offering, shengmaitreya's offering, Shengjiu Tara's offering, lianhuasheng's offering, Jingang hollow knot, badajiang, Huixiang and Fayuan, etc. Of course, the content of daily recitation is not invariable, but changes according to the change of the content.

Daily recitation is one of the basic contents of the daily religious life of Nun qiongpeilin of the third Dan of the Southern Sect of Aqiao. It is also the stereotyped religious activities of the nuns' temple and the fixed lessons that nuns must practice. The daily Recitation in nunnery Temple usually takes place in the morning, which can be called "morning hall" or "morning class". Every morning, the nuns gather in the Sutra hall regularly to chant scriptures and praise together, worship Buddha and pray for Buddha, and communicate face to face with the visible or verifiable deities and Bodhisattvas (statues) in the Sutra hall, which can not only produce a sense of intimacy or compensation psychology. Therefore, the ethical religious nature has been strengthened, and daily recitation, as a daily ritual for the nuns to respect and worship the supernatural, establishes or maintains a specific connection between the nuns and the supernatural. Through this religious experience, the nuns' religious beliefs and feelings have been deepened, and their group consciousness and religious organization have been strengthened Solid and development play an extremely important role.

4. Sacrificial rituals. It is the most important content in the religious life of nuns in Sandan qiongpeilin of arjunnan sect. It is a kind of religious etiquette for nuns to express their awe, gratitude and pray to Buddha, Buddha and Bodhisattva in a unique form. It is also a kind of inner experience and practice of the nuns to their sect's teachings and methods. Therefore, the ritual of offering sacrifices has become a fixed form in the religious life of Nun qiongpeilin, the third Dan of aquannan sect. Every year, from the first day of the first month to the end of December, a variety of sacrificial rituals are held, and even monthly sacrificial rituals are divided into "first string" and "second string". According to the different purposes of sacrifice, it can be roughly divided into blessing sacrifice, Thanksgiving sacrifice and worship sacrifice. The sacrificial rituals are to offer sacrifices to the Dharma protector, the Buddha and other gods for blessing, to avoid disasters, to ensure the safety of all living beings and the prosperity of Buddhism; to offer sacrifices to the guru for gratitude, to protect and teach; to offer sacrifices to the most virtuous people for worship, to bestow wisdom. In these different sacrificial rites, nuns usually offer such auspicious things as still water, flowers, lamps, incense and delicacies, or "thousand offerings" of thousands of things to communicate the connection between the sacred world and the secular world. Chanting the praises, singing the beautiful eulogies, playing all kinds of musical instruments, greeting the god Buddha of the sect and Dharma protector, printing the fingerprints, reciting the sutras, and pressing the instruments to communicate with these non personality supernatural forces, so as to make the sacrifice form perfect.

Chinese PinYin : Nan Zong Ni Gu Si