Baiyu mountain scenic spot in Dalian

Baiyu mountain scenic spot in Dalian

Located in the center of Lushun City, formerly known as "Xiguan mountain", Li Hongzhang accompanied Emperor Guangxu's father Prince chun to inspect Lushun in 1880. He said that there should be golden mountain and white jade mountain in Lushun. From then on, it was named "Baiyu mountain". Dalian is one of the top ten scenic spots, provincial heritage protection units. Baiyushan tower is the main landscape of Baiyushan scenic area. It is the "biaozhong tower" built by the Japanese army after the Russo Japanese War to show off their martial arts and record the dead soldiers.

Development history

It used to be an important place for military facilities in the Qing Dynasty. In the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the Qing government built a 16 room armory at the Northeast foot of the mountain. Among them, there are five gunpowder depots and nine ammunition depots. Kumen Lou Shu, written by Li Hongzhang himself (later transported to Japan's domestic museum by the Japanese authorities), used the word "arsenal". At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government also built Baiyushan fort, which was destroyed in the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, and the weapons, ammunition and military materials in the general armory were looted.

After Russia occupied Lushun, it was called quail mountain. On the north side of Baiyu mountain, a fort was built, two 152 mm howitzers and one 120 mm howitzer were installed, and the former Qing army's armory continued to be used. In 1900, tsarist Russia built a luxurious European style villa at the south foot of Baiyu mountain (now the first naval hostel in Lushun). At first, it was Prince qiril, nephew of general Alexeyev, the governor of the Far East of Russia, who lived there. Later, it became the private residence of urokov, deputy commander of the Russian Guandong army. These Czarist generals, princes and ladies, who took suppression of the Chinese people as their occupation, had a wild feast, singing and dancing all night, and lived a luxurious and absurd life.

On the night of February 8, 1904, Japan attacked Lushunkou. It was not until the new year's day the following year that tsarist Russia was replaced at the cost of 60000 casualties. Before the end of the Russo Japanese War, the commander of the Japanese joint fleet, Hirao toxiang, and the main culprit of the invading brigade, naimu hitian, the commander of the Japanese Third Army, proposed to build a loyalty tower for the dead cannon fodder at the peak of Baiyu mountain, so as to deceive the Japanese people and beautify the war of aggression. In order to build the pagoda, the Japanese authorities raised 250000 yen in China, cheating "craftsmen and migrant workers up to two or three thousand.". On June 20, 1907, the tower construction project officially started in Baiyushan, Lushun. Most of the building materials came from the hometown of naimu hidian, the main aggressor of China, and granite was produced in heifa Island, tokushanchong, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The stone materials used to pave the ground and build the stone walls on both sides of the road under the tower foundation are all from the granite loaded on the closed ship of the Japanese army which sank in the port of Lushun. The steel, wood and cement are all from Japan. Due to the lack of necessary safety facilities in the construction process, about 30 people accidentally fell from the tower support and died.

"Biaozhong tower" was completed on November 12, 1909, and the completion ceremony was held on November 28, which lasted for two years and five months. The whole body of "biaozhong tower" is like a candle. It is said that the ever burning lamp for the dead will never go out. The tower is 66.8 meters high, and the three words "biaozhong tower" on the plaque are inscribed by Prince zhenai of fujiangong, the emperor of Japan. It is meant to commend the Japanese officers and soldiers who died in the war for allegiance to the emperor in Lushun fortress between Japan and Russia. The body of the tower is made of reinforced concrete, with 21 windows. The top of the tower has a bronze inscription on the north side, which was jointly written by Japanese warlords Dong Xiang Ping balang and naimu. The inscription is written in Chinese, which records the brief process of the battle for Lushun fortress in the Russo Japanese war.

In November 1905, before the construction of biaozhong tower, the Japanese authorities also built a "Nagu Temple of Baiyu Shrine" with Oriental architectural style on the main peak of Baiyu mountain. All the ashes of 22723 Japanese soldiers killed in the siege of Lushun were stored in the three basements of Nagu temple. At the first turning point of Shangshan road at the south foot of Baiyu mountain, a "monument of the third blocking team" and a burial mound were built. The "chaoyanwan" screw propeller, which participated in the blocking and sinking operation, was placed in front of the monument. A chain wall surrounded by gun shells and iron ropes was set up around the monument to summon the spirits of the Japanese army who died in blocking Lushun Port in the Russo Japanese war.

From then on, the fragrant Baiyu mountain was forced by Japanese imperialism to become an altar for the memorial ceremony in spring and autumn, which was used to deceive the families of the Japanese army who died in battle and promote the "power of the emperor". Usually, the Japanese royal family and cabinet ministers went to Baiyushan in Lushun by boat to attend the sacrifice in person. There were also traitors who tried to curry favor with their leader in the south. For example, the infamous "romantic female spy" Kawashima Fangzi's father, Prince Shanqi, once offered 200 yuan of incense to biaozhong tower after the death of Meiji emperor in July 1912. In order to show off their force, the Japanese army also held a military parade around biaozhong tower. Moreover, the Japanese authorities often set up balconies around the biaozhong tower in various Japanese festivals to hold large banquets and squander the plundered Chinese people's cream. At the same time, folk artists were invited to perform stilts and other entertainment programs around biaozhong tower, in order to whitewash the "peace" of "Greater East Asia co prosperity" and "paradise of kingcraft".

After the end of the Russo Japanese War, the Japanese regarded themselves as new masters. They transformed the former Russian Deputy Commander's residence in the south of Baiyu mountain into the official residence of the Japanese governor in Kanto. It was actually a bridgehead and base camp for plotting a plot of aggression against China. On August 15, 1927, the Tanaka cabinet of Japan held the second "Oriental conference" here. The participants included yuxiuxiong, director of the Department of Kanto, Senge, under secretary of foreign affairs, Fangze, minister to China, Yoshida, Consul General of Mukden, and nobuyi taketo, commander in chief of the Kanto Army. In order to carry out the infamous "memorials in Tanaka" as the purpose, the meeting concocted a detailed criminal plan to invade Northeast China and further expand the destruction of China. At the same time, the Japanese rulers did not give up the opportunity to enjoy themselves. They built a "Holy Land guild hall" in the Edo era near the official residence of the governor of Kanto to receive Japanese military and political dignitaries and traitors. Every year, when cherry blossoms are in full bloom, a large-scale cherry appreciation meeting is held to hold the charming Oriental Kabuki and enjoy themselves as if this is their Hakone or the foot of Fuji mountain.

In order to show off the "power of the emperor", the Japanese authorities organized "Lushun achievements tourism" through the "Osaka Travel Club", and opened up three tourist routes, including Baiyushan. In 1929, they set up eye-catching stone carved tourist guide pillars on the winding highway of Baiyushan, and sold and peddled various militarist "tourism cases", "commemorative photo posters" and tourist crafts A 210mm cannon, which was bought by the Qing army from Germany in 1881, was placed in the middle of Baiyu mountain for people to visit, in order to show the great achievements of the Japanese army. At the same time, a semi official tourism management organization "Lushun Tourism Association" has been established. The meeting site and office are located in the "Holy Land guild hall" at the south foot of Baiyu mountain. Baiyu mountain is also an important scenic spot of "achievement tourism" in Japan. There are a lot of tourists from Japan. It rose in 1916, peaked around the July 7th incident in 1937, and gradually declined in 1941 after the outbreak of the Pacific War.

After the liberation of Lushun in 1945, the name of "biaozhong tower", which was permeated with the venom of Japanese militarism, was changed to "Baiyu tower". In 1985, it was changed to "Baiyu mountain tower". This tower has become an irrefutable evidence of the invasion of Lushun by Japan and Russia. From the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the end of the cultural revolution, Baiyu mountain was once a military important place where climbing and photography were forbidden. Only party and state leaders and important foreign guests who visited Lushun were qualified to visit it. Later, restrictions were relaxed, so that anyone could climb Baiyu mountain freely. There were strict regulations on climbing Baiyu mountain tower, which required the dual approval of the public security department and the garrison.

In 1953, Nikita sedorovich Khrushchev, former first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, visited Lushun. He once unjustifiably demanded that the Baiyushan pagoda be demolished and that a tower higher than the Baiyushan pagoda be built on the opposite golden mountain with its "raw soup materials" to commemorate the Russian generals Makarov and kontrachenko who died in the war between Japan and Russia. Premier Zhou categorically and severely criticized him No. Premier Zhou said: "China's territory must not be set up for any foreign aggressor." Khrushchev's great power chauvinist conspiracy failed to succeed. During the cultural revolution, another rebel planned to blow up the tower, which was later stopped by the central leadership.

On July 31, 1973, during his last visit to Lushun, Premier Zhou accompanied major nguwabi, President of the Republic of Congo, to mount Baiyu. Premier Zhou was terminally ill at that time, but he was still concerned about the life of the people of Lushun and Dalian and the national defense construction of Liaodong Peninsula. The glorious demeanor of a great generation will always be remembered in the hearts of the people of Lushun.

The spring breeze of reform and opening up has made the beautiful Baiyu mountain green. Today, what she shows the world is a new and colorful landscape. In 1986, Baiyu mountain, as the key development of Lushun tourism planning, was officially opened to tourists. On the ruins of Nagu temple in Baiyushan, a Naval Weapons Museum inscribed by Liu Huaqing was built, and a high TV Tower was also erected. The "Guandong officer's residence" and "Holy Land guild hall" have become the first naval hostel to receive Premier Zhou, Jiang Zemin, Yang Shangkun, foreign heads of state Kim Il Sung, Ho Chi Minh and Prince Sihanouk. Cable cars and cableways for carrying tourists have been set up on the opposite slope of the former closed memorial of Japan. As the spoils of the Japanese army, a bird garden named "hundred birds garden" was added opposite the Krupp iron cannon on the hillside at the south foot of Baiyu mountain. In May 2001, a new building was built near the Baiyushan pagoda, where the Japanese army showed off their martial arts and praised their dead soldiers

Chinese PinYin : Da Lian Bai Yu Shan Jing Qu