Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve

Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve

synonym

Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve generally refers to Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve

Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve is located in the northeast of Baoxing County, Sichuan Province, on the west slope of Qionglai. It was established in 1975. It covers an area of 39039 hectares. The main protected objects are giant panda, golden monkey and mountain mixed forest ecosystem. It covers an area of 40000 hectares, including 27581.5 hectares of core area, 2897.5 hectares of buffer area and 8560.0 hectares of experimental area.

Baofengtongzhai National Nature Reserve is the discovery site of giant panda. In 1869, David, a French missionary and biologist, discovered the giant panda for the first time in dengchigou, which made the living fossil giant panda famous all over the world.

Historical evolution

In 1979, Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve was established with the approval of the State Council, and its management office is located in dashuigoukou.

In 1994, it was upgraded to a national nature reserve. It is confirmed that it is a National Nature Reserve of forest and wildlife type mainly for the protection of giant panda and other rare wild animals and plants and their natural ecological environment. There are 17 regular workers and 33 temporary workers. The management organization was upgraded to a county-level institution directly under Ya'an Municipal People's government. The Reserve Management Bureau is located in Baoxing county. It has an office, planning and finance department, publicity and education and scientific research department, protection and management department, and six protection stations, Dashuigou, guobayan, dengchigou, Minzhi, Muping and Zhongba. It has established a giant panda rescue center, equipped with wildlife rescue room, breeding room, nursery room, activity room, semi wild captive farm covering an area of nearly 70 mu, and green tailed pheasant breeding Base, ecotourism reception center, etc.

geographical environment

position

Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve is located in the transitional zone from Sichuan basin to Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the middle part of Qionglai mountains, the southern foot of Jiajin mountain and the source of Qingyi River. It is the first giant panda discovery site and type specimen producing area in the world. It is located in Baoxing County, Ya'an City, the core area of Sichuan Giant Panda habitat, which is the world natural heritage site.

climate

The climate of the Reserve belongs to the western edge of the subtropical humid climate zone in Sichuan Basin. The annual average temperature is 5.9-7.2 ° C, the average temperature in January is - 4.0-2.7 ° C, the average temperature in July is 15.1-16.3 ° C, the extreme maximum temperature is 25.5-27.7 ° C, the frost free period is 228-242 days, the annual average precipitation is 700-1300 mm, the annual average relative humidity is 79-83%, and the annual average sunshine is 967.1 hours.

hydrology

Donghe river is the main stream of the nature reserve, and its tributaries on both sides are very asymmetric. On the West Bank, there are deshenggou, Dashuigou, huaxilin gully and happy gully; on the east bank, there are guobayan gully, Wangjiagou, qingshangou, dengchigou, longshixi, ganmugou, lengmugou, etc.

soil

Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve is located in the trough area of Longmen Mountain. The exposed strata include pre Sinian, Sinian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Triassic, Quaternary and Proterozoic chengzhengjiang Jinning magmatic intrusive rocks. It is mainly composed of basalt, volcanic breccia, granite, schist, phyllite, marble, dolomite, dolomitic limestone, fine sandstone and gravel. The soil types are various and the vertical band spectrum is obvious. From bottom to top, there are mainly mountain yellow soil (1000-1500 m above sea level), mountain yellow brown soil (1500-2000 m above sea level), mountain brown soil and dark brown soil (2000-2900 m above sea level), mountain ash soil (2900-3500 m above sea level), alpine shrub meadow and alpine desert soil (3500 m above sea level).

topographic features

The reserve is located in the middle part of Qionglai mountains, which is the transition from Qinghai Tibet Plateau to Sichuan Basin. The terrain in the area is low in the southeast and high in the northwest. The mountain rises sharply and the river cuts down strongly, forming a terrain of high mountain, steep slope and narrow valley. The mountains above 4200 meters above sea level are mainly distributed in the northern part of the reserve, with the highest point at 24dang in the north, 4896 meters above sea level, and the lowest at 1000 meters above sea level in the south. The relative height difference in the reserve is about 3800 meters. The terrain is undulating, the height difference is great, the mountain is steep, the ravines are vertical and horizontal, the mountains are emerald, and the natural landscape is magnificent and magnificent. Alluvial mounds and slope mounds are mainly accumulated at the confluence of main tributaries and the lower part of hillside, scattered and broken. Alluvial and proluvial platforms are distributed on both sides of the river, which are crop zones.

Area range

Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve covers a total area of 40000 hectares, which is divided into core area, buffer area and experimental area. The core area is 27581.5 hectares, buffer area is 2897.5 hectares and experimental area is 8560.0 hectares, accounting for 70.65%, 7.42% and 21.93% of the total area of the reserve respectively.

Protected objects

plant resources

There are 429 species of vascular plants in Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve, including 22 species of pteridophytes, 12 species of gymnosperms and 395 species of angiosperms. The vertical band spectrum of vegetation is obvious

① There is a zonal evergreen broad-leaved forest between 900 and 1500 meters above sea level. The tree species are Castanopsis kawakamii, Cinnamomum camphora and Schima superba;

② The evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest is located at 1500-2000 meters above sea level. Besides evergreen trees, there are also Davidia involucrata, Acer Acer, birch and other deciduous tree species;

③ The main tree species are Sequoia, hemlock, birch, Acer, Tilia, etc. under the forest are dense Fargesia, Fargesia and Bambusa. The total area is 110000 hectares;

③ There is subalpine coniferous forest between 2900-3500 meters above sea level, mainly fir;

⑤ There are alpine shrub, alpine shrub meadow and liushitan vegetation above 3500 meters above sea level.

Davidia involucrata is the first class of national protected plants, and the second class includes water green tree, Lianxiang tree, Sichuan Redwood, etc. In 1983, almost all Fargesia in Qionglai mountains flowered and died. The cycle of flowering, seed setting and withering of Dendrocalamus fargesii in about 60 years has existed for millions of years in nature, which has both advantages and disadvantages for the survival of giant pandas. The disadvantage is that it will cause the death of some young, weak, sick and not wide-ranging giant pandas and reduce the population of giant pandas. It is the change of food environment that makes some giant pandas look for food in other places, changes the habit of only moving within 500 meters every day, promotes the distant mating of giant pandas, makes giant pandas more adaptable to the natural environment, and avoids inbreeding, declining quality and living alone.

Animal resources

There are 390 species of terrestrial vertebrates in Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve, including 68 species of mammals, 280 species of birds, 19 species of reptiles, 14 species of amphibians and 7 species of fish. There are 340 species that breed here. There are more species in the south of East Asia and endemic species in the southwest of China. There are 73 species of special animals in China or Sichuan, including 17 species of mammals, 33 species of birds, 6 species of reptiles, 10 species of amphibians and 7 species of fish. The vertical differentiation of animals in the area is obvious: the subtropical species below 2200 meters above sea level are mainly represented by water deer, kitten, civet, thrush, Japanese forest frog, spotted legged tree frog, etc.; the Himalayan species are mainly represented by giant panda, golden monkey, red panda, blood pheasant, brown point turbulent frog, etc.; the white buttock deer and white lip frog are represented by animals above 3600 meters above sea level Deer, pheasant, pheasant, snow quail, etc.

The reserve is the collection place for specimens of giant panda and golden monkey. In 1869, the specimens of snub nosed monkey were collected from Baoxing, which aroused great interest in the world. From the beginning of November 2014 to the end of January 2015, when the staff collected the data from the infrared cameras in the reserve, they first found the traces of Sichuan snub nosed monkey, a national first-class protected animal. Previously, some experts thought that Sichuan snub nosed monkeys were distributed in the reserve, and the photos collected this time confirmed this view. Since different populations of Sichuan snub nosed monkeys were captured at different times in the same place, the collected pictures can provide support for the study of the activity characteristics of Sichuan snub nosed monkeys.

The protected areas can be used as in situ protection points of genetic resources. There are national protected animals in the reserve. The first level includes giant panda, takin, white lipped deer, white rumped deer, Sichuan golden monkey, snow leopard, green tailed pheasant, spotted tailed hazelnut, etc.; the second level includes macaque, short tailed monkey, red panda, golden cat, lynx, musk deer, water deer, big Lingmao, little Lingmao, impala, rock sheep, red bellied horned pheasant, Tibetan eared pheasant, blood pheasant, red bellied pheasant, giant salamander, etc.

① Hazelnut chicken

Galliformes, grouse family, also known as sheep horn chicken. The male has a feather crown on the top of his head, dark chestnut on the top of his head and pillow, scattered with black and gray spots; there is a white line with brown and black spots from the back of his eyes to the back of his neck; the ear feathers are dark chestnut. The lateral tail feather is dark brown with narrow white transverse spot and white tip. The color of female is not as bright as that of male. Hazelnut pheasants live in alpine shrub or coniferous forest about 3000 meters. For the resident birds.

② Musk deer

Artiodactyla, musk deer. The whole body is Sandy and light brown. The body hair is thick, brittle and easy to break. The adult's dorsal surface is dimly speckled

Chinese PinYin : Feng Tong Zhai Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu