Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, one of the eight autonomous prefectures in Yunnan Province, is the capital of Shangri La. Tibetan means "auspicious place". Located in the northwest of Yunnan Province, at the junction of Yunnan, Tibet and Sichuan provinces, the Hengduan Mountains extending from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and the hinterland of the national scenic spot where Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang river flow in parallel, Lancang River and Jinsha river run through the whole area from north to South, with a total area of 23870 square kilometers.

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture administers one county (Deqin County), one autonomous county (Weixi Lisu Autonomous County) and one county-level city (Shangri La city). There are 26 ethnic groups in Diqing, including 9 ethnic groups, including Tibetan, Lisu, Han, Naxi, Bai, Hui, Yi, Miao and Pumi.

Shangri La in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the hinterland of Hengduan Mountains. It is the intersection of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. It is an eternal and peaceful place in the mountains of the East described by James Hilton in his novel the lost horizon.

Historical evolution

Diqing, in Tibetan, means "an auspicious place"; Shangri La, in Tibetan, means "the sun and moon in the heart". In 1933, James Hilton first described Shangri La, a place of eternal peace and tranquility in the mountains of the East, in his novel the lost horizon.

In the Han Dynasty, Emperor Hanwu set up counties in the southwest. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Diqing was the land of yak Qiang.

During the Shuhan period of the Three Kingdoms, it belonged to Yunnan Province. In Sui Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Nanning.

In the fourth year of Wude (621) of Tang Dynasty, Shenzhou was established. Today, parts of Weixi and Zhongdian are one of the thirteen Jimi prefectures of Yaozhou Dudu Fu in Jiannan of Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Tang Yonglong (680), Tubo set up "Shenchuan Dudu" in weixita city in Diqing. In the six years of the Zhiyuan period, a post station was set up in the territory, which was under the jurisdiction of the commander's office of Xuanwei envoys in all roads of Tubo. In Nanzhao period, it belonged to Tieqiao Festival and Jianchuan Festival.

In 937, Duan Siping destroyed Yang ganzhen and established a local political power, which was called "Dali State" to replace Nanzhao. Weixi was governed by Dali state.

In the Song Dynasty (960-1254), the state of Dali abolished the rule of thrift and set up four towns and eight prefectures. Weixi County was under the jurisdiction of moxie chieftain. Chengji Town, one of the four towns, was named luojian, which was a remote and dangerous place in Dali. In the Song Dynasty, the Tibetan area became the place where Tibetan Buddhism flourished, while the line along the Jinsha River was occupied by some big chieftains, named huama state. In the first year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1253, the third year of Xianzong in the Yuan Dynasty), Kublai Khan led his army to the Dali state. In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1271), Kublai Khan sent wuduman to lead the Mongolian army to guard Dandang (today's Zhongdian area). In the same year, he set up chahanzhang xuanweisi. In the 30th year of Zhiyuan (September 1293), Yunnan Dandang (Zhongdian Tibetan area) was under the jurisdiction of xuanzhengyuan.

The Ming Dynasty belonged to Lijiang Prefecture and Yongchang Prefecture respectively, and part of them belonged to Yunnan Dusi. In the fourth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1406), a lawsuit was set up in Weixi County, which was under the jurisdiction of the commander of Yunnan. During this period, Zhongdian was called Zhongdian, Weixi was called youna, and Deqin was called adchieftain. During the period from Jiajing to Wanli (1522-1573), Diqing was under the rule of Lijiang Mu chieftain.

In 1726, Diqing area was divided into Yunnan Province and Zhongdian hall was set up; in 1727, Weixi hall was set up and Tongtan was set up. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Tibetan areas along the border of Sichuan and Yunnan carried out the policy of "changing the land and returning the flow". Diqing area was controlled by the Yamen of the Minister of Sichuan and Yunnan border affairs, and a new Commissioner was set up.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1911), Zhongdian and Weixi were changed into counties, directly under Tengyue Road, Yunnan Province. In 1932, a Dunzi was replaced by Deqin.

Weixi County People's government was established in July 1949. In May 1950, Zhongdian was peacefully liberated and the county people's government was established. In April 1951, a county level Deqin Tibetan Autonomous Region was established. In 1952, it was renamed Deqin County. The three counties belonged to Lijiang special region in 1950. Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture was established on September 13, 1957. The people's Committee of the Autonomous Prefecture was stationed in Zhongdian county. Zhongdian, Weixi and Deqin, which originally belonged to Lijiang special region, were under the leadership of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is still managed by Lijiang Prefecture. In August 1973, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture was under the direct jurisdiction of the province.

On December 16, 2014, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved the revocation of Shangri La County and the establishment of county-level Shangri La city in Yunnan Province (min Han 375): with the approval of the State Council, it was agreed to revoke Shangri La County and establish county-level Shangri La City, with the former administrative region of shangri la county as the administrative region of Shangri La City, and the Shangri La Municipal People's Government stationed at No. 22 Jinsha Road, Jiantang town.

administrative division

As of 2010, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has jurisdiction over three county-level administrative regions, including one county-level city, one county and one Autonomous County, namely Shangri La City, Deqin County and Weixi Lisu Autonomous County. The people's Government of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located at 21 Changzheng Avenue, Shangri La city.

geographical environment

Location context

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located at the junction of Yunnan, Tibet and Sichuan provinces in the northwest of Yunnan Province, with a total area of 23870 square kilometers. It borders Tibet Autonomous Region in the northwest, Sichuan Province in the East, Lijiang City in the southeast, and Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in the West. The highest altitude in the territory is Kawagebo peak, the main peak of Meili Snow Mountain, which is 6740 meters. At the same time, it is also the highest in Yunnan Province. The lowest altitude is Lancang River Valley, which is 1486 meters above sea level. The absolute height difference is 5254 meters. The huge height difference in a small range makes the territory have vertical climate and three-dimensional ecological environment characteristics. Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is the highest Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. Jiantang Town, Shangri La City, is 608 kilometers away from the provincial capital Kunming.

topographic features

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the hinterland of Hengduan Mountains. It is the transition zone from Yunnan Guizhou Plateau to Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The landform here is unique: there are ancient plateau surface, there are mountains, Dachuan and gorge. It is the hinterland of the world famous landscape of three parallel rivers.

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has Meili Snow Mountain, Baima Snow Mountain, Haba, balagezong and other snow mountain groups with the lowest latitude in the northern hemisphere, and has rare modern glaciers with low altitude (2700 meters above sea level), such as mingyongqia and siqia. Shennu Qianhu mountain, Bitahai, Shuodu lake, Napahai lake, Swan Lake and other alpine lakes are the purest freshwater lakes in the Asian continent. The beautiful meadows such as Xiaozhongdian and Shuodu Lake account for 1 / 5 of the land area of Diqing Prefecture.

climate

The climate in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture belongs to temperate cold temperate climate, with annual average temperature of 4.7 ℃ - 16.5 ℃, annual extreme maximum temperature of 25.1 ℃ and minimum temperature of - 27.4 ℃. The three-dimensional climate is obvious. There is a saying that "one mountain is divided into four seasons, and ten miles are different from each other.".

natural resources

water resource

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southeast end of "Asian water tower", with an average altitude of 3380 meters. The upper reaches of Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang river run through Diqing Prefecture. The Yangtze River, in particular, has a length of 430 kilometers and a drainage area of 16810.8 square kilometers. The Lancang River has a flow of 320 kilometers and a drainage area of 7059.2 square kilometers in Diqing Prefecture. There are 221 tributaries in Diqing Prefecture, with water energy reserves of 16.5 million kilowatts, accounting for 15% of the province. More than 13.7 million kilowatts of hydropower resources can be developed and utilized. From the 11th five year plan, the state will develop the hydropower resources of Jinsha River and Lancang River, with a total installed capacity of more than 10 million kilowatts. The development prospect of hydropower industry is very broad.

Animal resources

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is known as the "Kingdom of animals and plants" and "natural mountain garden". It is the distribution center of world-famous flowers such as Rhododendron, Primula, gentian, Artemisia annua and lotus petals. There are world-famous garden plants such as Davidia involucrata and Taiwania flousiana. There are 136 kinds of wild edible fungi represented by Tricholoma matsutake, Morchella esculenta and Auricularia auricula. There are wild medicinal plants such as Cordyceps sinensis, Gastrodia elata, Fritillaria, etc There are 867 species such as Eucommia ulmoides and Angelica sinensis. There are more than 5000 species of higher plants in 187 families distributed in Diqing. Among them, more than 30 species such as Ginkgo biloba and Taxus yunnanensis are the first and second class national protected tree species. There are 1578 kinds of ornamental plants, such as broccoli and Rhododendron. There are more than 1400 kinds of wild animals in the territory, including more than 80 kinds of animals under the first and second level national protection, including Yunnan snub nosed monkey, wild donkey and black necked Crane. There are more than ten kinds of second class protected animals, such as snow leopard, forest musk deer, congxiong, etc. There are nearly ten kinds of protected animals, such as blue sheep and blood pheasant.

plant resources

There are 1.615 million hectares of forest land in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with a forest coverage rate of 73.9%, higher than the average level of the whole province. The main tree species are Picea, Sequoia, Abies, Pinus, Taxus, Torreya grandis, Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii, etc. There are Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Haba snow mountain, Bitahai and Napahai provincial nature reserves, with a total area of 320129 hectares.

mineral resources

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the hinterland of "Sanjiang metallogenic belt", which is one of the top ten mineral resource rich areas in China. By 2014, more than 30 kinds of copper, tungsten, molybdenum, lead and zinc deposits have been found, and more than 300 ore occurrences have been found, among which Yangla Copper Mine, Pulang copper mine, Hongshan copper mine, chugeza iron mine, jiangpo iron mine, Anle lead and zinc mine have reached the scale of large and medium-sized deposits. As of May 2014, 42 copper deposits and occurrences have been found, with proven copper reserves of more than 5 million tons, including more than 2.6 million tons in Yangla and Hongshan copper mines,

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Di Qing Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou