Dongying City, Shandong Province

Dongying Dongying is a prefecture level city in Shandong Province, the central city of China's Yellow River Delta approved by the State Council, and an important oil base in China. By 2019, the city has three districts and two counties, covering a total area of 8243 square kilometers, with a permanent resident population of 2.1797 million and an urban population of 1.593 million, with an urbanization rate of 69.24%.

Dongying is located in the delta of East China, northeast Shandong and the mouth of the Yellow River. It is adjacent to the Bohai Sea in the East, across the sea from Japan and South Korea. It is adjacent to the Beijing Tianjin Tangshan Economic Zone in the north, the blue economic zone of Shandong Peninsula in the South, and the vast inland areas in the West. It is an important node of the Bohai economic zone and an important part of the urban agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula, connecting the Central Plains Economic Zone and the East China Sea North Economic Zone, Beijing Tianjin Tangshan Economic Zone and Jiaodong Peninsula Economic Zone. The geographical location is between 118 ° 5 'e and 38 ° 15' n. Dongying City has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate, and its terrain inclines from southwest to northeast along the Yellow River.

On October 15, 1983, Dongying City was officially listed. Dongying is the hometown of Sun Wu, a great military strategist in ancient times, the birthplace of Lu opera, a local representative of Shandong Province, and the rising place of Shengli Oilfield, the second largest oil industry base in China.

In August 2019, China Customs magazine sponsored by the General Administration of Customs of China announced the ranking of "China's top 100 foreign trade cities" in 2018, and Dongying ranked 31st.

In July 2020, the National Patriotic Health Association confirmed Dongying as a national health city in 2019.

Historical evolution

Pre Qin Period

The history of Dongying City before its establishment is mainly traced back to Guangrao, Lijin and Kenli counties.

From the Xia Dynasty to the end of Yin Dynasty, Dongying was the residence of jilianze, fengboling and pugu.

From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States period, the part of the city that had become land was the land of Qi. Qin Dynasty belongs to Qi county.

Han Dynasty

During the Western Han Dynasty, the territory belongs to Qiancheng county and Qi county. Guangrao County was first established in the sixth year of emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty (201 BC), belonging to Qi county. Guangrao County is divided into two counties and five counties, namely Qiancheng county and langhuai County of Qiancheng County; Guangrao County, juding county and Lixian County of Qi county. The southern part of Lijin belongs to luowo county and Liaocheng County of Qiancheng county. In the first year of Yuanshou (122 BC), Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Guangrao was once granted the title of marquis. In the new dynasty of Wang Mang, the city was located in Jianxin county. Qiancheng county and langhuai county are in the south, Shiwu county and Yanting County are in the West.

In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, it was built along the Western Han Dynasty. In the third year of emperor Yongping (AD 60), Qiancheng county was changed into Qiancheng state. In the seventh year of Yongyuan (AD 95), Qiancheng state was changed into Le'an state. The city belongs to Le'an state. In the south, there are three counties (Guangrao County, juding county and langhuai county) of Zhili County, Yichang county and BoChang County, and in the west, there is Liaocheng county (luowo county).

Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the period of the Three Kingdoms, it belonged to BoChang, Lixian and Liaocheng counties of Le'an state in Qingzhou and luowo County of le'ling state in Jizhou.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Guangrao County was restored to the state of Qi. The western part of the city belongs to luowo County of Leling state in Jizhou and Liaocheng County of Le'an state in Qingzhou. From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the northern and Southern Dynasties, the city was one of the national territories of the later Zhao Dynasty, the former Yan Dynasty, the later Yan Dynasty, the former Qin Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty. Its administrative structure is inherited, and the city belongs to Qi County, Le'an county and Leling County of Jizhou.

In the early Sui Dynasty, the county was removed from Guangrao in the third year of kaihuang (583), and the name of Guangrao County was changed to Qiancheng, which belongs to Qingzhou. In the 16th year (596), luowo county was abolished and Putai county was set up. Yongli town was under the jurisdiction of Dizhou. In the third year of Daye (607), the Prefecture was changed into a county. Qingzhou was changed into Beihai County, while Dizhou was changed into Bohai county.

In the Tang Dynasty, the prefecture and county system was changed to the state and county system, and the "Dao" was set above the state and county. The southern part of the city first belonged to Qiancheng County, Daocheng Prefecture, Henan Province, and then to Qiancheng County, Daoqing Prefecture, Henan Province. In the west of the city, it belongs to Bohai county and Putai county.

Song and Yuan Dynasties

In the early Song Dynasty, the system of Taoism was abolished. In the third year of the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty (997), the "road" was set up above the prefectures and counties. Guangrao County belongs to Qingzhou Qiancheng County, Jingdong East Road. Lijin County first belongs to Hebei Road, and then to Binzhou Bohai County, Hebei East Road. After the unification of the north, Jin Dynasty imitated the Song Dynasty and implemented three levels of administration: Road, prefecture (government) and county. In 1138, Qiancheng county was changed into Le'an County, belonging to Yidu Prefecture of Shandong east road. Mingchang three years in December (January 1193) to Yongli town home Lijin County, Shandong east Binzhou.

After the unification of China in the Yuan Dynasty, the first provincial government was set up. The southern part of the city belongs to Le'an County, Yidu Prefecture, xuanweisi, Dongxi Road, Shandong Province, and the western part belongs to Lijin County, Binzhou, xuanweisi, Dongxi Road, Shandong Province.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the Ming Dynasty, the provinces were abolished, Zhili district and Chengshi department were set up, and the government, prefecture and county were set up. In the south of the city, it belongs to Le'an County, Qingzhou Prefecture, Shandong Chengxuan political secretary; in the west, it belongs to Lijin County, Binzhou Prefecture, Jinan Prefecture, Shandong Chengxuan political secretary.

In the Qing Dynasty, there were three levels of administration: Province, government and county. The southern part of the city belonged to Le'an County, Qingzhou Prefecture, Shandong Province. In the west, it belongs to Lijin County and Zhanhua County (part) of Jinan Prefecture in Shandong Province. In 1734, it was changed to Wuding Prefecture.

Modern times

During the period of the Republic of China, in 1913, the government was abolished at the provincial, Taoist and county levels. The southern part of the city belongs to Le'an County, Jiaodong Road, Shandong Province. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), the government of the Republic of China changed the name of the country's duplicate County, and Le'an county was renamed Guangrao County. In 1915, it was changed to ziqingdao. In 1927, the road was abandoned, directly under Shandong Province. In 1915, it was changed to Jinan Road, and in 1928, it was directly under Shandong Province.

During the Anti Japanese War, in 1938, most of the city was occupied by the Japanese army. The political power in the city was divided and the administrative regions were not unified. Among them, the Anti Japanese democratic regimes led by the Communist Party of China include Yidu, Shouguang, Linzi and Guangrao County governments established after 1939, which are subordinate to the office of the inspector general of Eastern Qing Dynasty; Guangrao County Anti Japanese democratic government established in 1940, which was later abolished; Guangbei county administrative government was established at the beginning of 1941 In 1943, it was renamed Guangbei county government.

During the war of liberation, Lijin and Kenli County were the fourth special office of Bohai region. In 1945, Guangbei county and Siyu county were abolished and Guangrao County government was established, which was subordinate to Qinghe Special Office of Bohai district. In 1949, the fourth special office was renamed as Kenli special office.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Bohai administrative region was abolished in May 1950. Guangrao, Lijin and Kenli in the city were all subordinate to the Huimin district administrative office. In 1956, the organizational system of Kenli County was abolished, and Kenli and Lijin were merged into Lijin County. In 1958, Zhanhua and Lijin merged into Zhanhua County. Huimin district and Zibo City are merged into Zibo District, which belongs to Guangrao County, Zhanhua (including Lijin) county and county-level Gudao people's commune. In 1959, Gudao people's commune was abolished and Kenli County was restored. In 1961, Zhanhua and Lijin counties were separated, and Huimin district was separated from Zibo City. Guangrao, Lijin, Kenli and Zhanhua are part of the Huimin district. Dongying City was established in October 1983.

administrative division

At the beginning of its establishment, the city was divided into four districts: Dongying, Niuzhuang, Hekou and Kenli, two counties: Guangrao and Lijin, three towns, 55 people's communes and 1780 production teams. In 1984, the commune was removed and the village was changed. In June 1987, Niuzhuang district and Dongying District were merged into Dongying District. Since then, the scale of villages and towns has been adjusted many times, and some villages and towns have been withdrawn and merged.

According to the statistics of the Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau at the end of December 2016, there are 5 counties, 26 townships (24 towns, 2 townships), 14 sub district offices, 186 residents' committees and 1781 villagers' committees in the city. Among them, Dongying District has 6 streets and 4 towns (Wenhui street, Huanghe Road Street, Dongcheng Street, Xindian street, Shengli Street, Shengyuan street, Niuzhuang Town, Liuhu Town, Shikou Town, Longju town), 201 villagers' committees and 124 residents' committees; Hekou District has 2 streets and 4 towns (Hekou Street, Liuhe street, Yihe Town, Xianhe Town, Gudao Town, Xinhu town), and 124 residents' committees There are 10 member committees and 178 villagers' committees; there are 2 streets and 5 towns in Kenli district (Kenli street, Xinglong Street, Shengtuo Town, Haojia Town, Yong'an Town, Huanghekou town and Dongji town), 14 residents' committees and 333 villagers' committees; there are 2 streets and 7 towns in Guangrao County (Guangrao street, Le'an street, Dawang Town, daozhuang Town, Dingzhuang Town, Lique Town, dadouzhen, Huaguan town and Chenguan town) In Lijin County, there are 2 streets, 4 towns and 2 townships (Lijin street, Phoenix Street, Beisong Town, YANWO Town, Chenzhuang Town, tingluo Town, Mingji Township and Diaokou township), 5 residents' committees and 512 villagers' committees. The Management Committee of Dongying Economic and Technological Development Zone has 13 residents' committees. The municipal government is located at 77 Dongying District.

geographical environment

Location context

Dongying City is located in the Yellow River Delta in the north of Shandong Province. The Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea in Dongying City. The geographical location of Dongying City is 36 ° 55 ′～ 38 ° 10 ′ N and 118 ° 07 ′～ 119 ° 10 ′ E. It is adjacent to the Bohai Sea in the East and North, Binzhou in the west, and Zibo and Weifang in the south. The maximum vertical distance from north to south is 123 km, and the maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 74 km. The total land area is 8243 square kilometers.

Geology and geomorphology

Dongying City is located in the east end of Jiyang depression in North China depression area. From the old to the new, there are Taishan Group of Archean, Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous and Permian of Paleozoic, Jurassic and Cretaceous of Mesozoic, tertiary and Quaternary of Cenozoic; there is no Proterozoic and Paleozoic

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