Castor seed

Castor seed

(Tang materia medica)

[synonyms] jumazi (Lei Gong's treatise on processing), castor seed (Sheng Ji Zong Lu), Da Mazi (Chinese medicine Zhi Zhi), Hong Da Mazi (Pharmacology).

[source] it is the seed of castor oil of Euphorbiaceae.

[plant morphology] castor (tangbencao), also known as castor grass, red castor, Lecai, Duma and caomai.

Annual herb, turning into perennial shrub in tropics, 2-3 m high, stem erect, glabrous, green or purplish. With white powder. Leaves simple, alternate, long petiolate; leaf blade peltate orbicular. They are 20-40 cm in diameter, palmately divided to less than half of the leaves, 7-9-lobed. Margin irregularly serrate, main vein palmate. Flowers are unisexual, racemose or panicle, terminal, with male flowers at the bottom and female flowers at the top; bracts and bracts ovate or triangular; male perianth 3-5, lobes ovate triangular, without disk, stamens many and dense, united into bundles; bracts of female flowers are the same as those of male flowers, perianth slightly narrow, without disk and relict stamens, pistil ovate, ovary 3-locular, style 3, red, apex 2-forked . Capsule globose, spiny, dehiscent at maturity. The flowering period is from May to August. The fruit period is from July to October.

It is cultivated in most parts of the country.

The root (Castor root), leaf (Castor leaf) and seed oil (castor oil) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] in autumn, the fruit turns brown. When the peel is not cracked, the fruit is picked in batches, dried and peeled.

[medicinal material] the dried seeds are slightly flat and broadly ovate, 8-18 mm long and 6-9 mm in diameter. The ventral surface is flat, the back surface is slightly raised, the smaller end has spongy protruding caruncle with umbilicus point, the other end has chalazal point, and the ridge between umbilicus and chalazal point is obvious. The exotesta is smooth, glossy, with reddish brown stripes, hard and brittle. The endotesta is white and membranous, with white and oily endosperm; the cotyledons are 2 thin, located in the center of the seed. Weak Qi and greasy taste. Large, plump, reddish brown and glossy grains are preferred.

It is produced in most parts of the country.

[chemical composition] the seed contains 40-50% fatty oil, and the cake contains ricinine, ricin and lipase. There are three kinds of ricin isolated from seeds: ricin-d, acidic ricin and basic ricin.

(1) purgative effect

The oil in castor seed itself has no diarrhea effect. It is saponified into sodium ricinoleate and glycerin under the action of lipolytic enzyme in duodenum. Sodium ricinoleate has irritation to small intestine, causing intestinal peristalsis to increase, and the contents of small intestine rapidly push forward to colon. When taking medicine for 2-6 hours, semiliquid feces will be discharged, and temporary constipation will occur after defecation. Increasing dosage can not enhance the effect The unhydrolyzed part is quickly excreted to the large intestine. After being absorbed by ricinoleic acid, it is metabolized and decomposed in the body like other fatty acids. Therefore, ricinoleic oil is relatively safe as a cathartic; because of its bad taste, it can be made into emulsion for oral use. Castor oil can block the absorption of shandaonian, which is not caused by diarrhea.

② Other functions

Castor oil itself is less irritative. It can be used as a skin lubricant for dermatitis and other skin diseases. It can be used as an ointment for burns and ulcers. The seed paste can be used for ulcers of skin Kala Azar. In addition, it can be used for blepharitis. As a solvent to remove eye irritants, it can be used locally for vaginal and cervical diseases.

[toxicity] castor bean contains ricin and ricinine, especially the former, which can cause poisoning. Taking 2-7 Castor seeds in 4-7 years old children can cause poisoning and death. 20 can be fatal in adults. Two ricinus seeds from Africa can cause death in adults and only one in children. However, it has been reported that 24 ricinus seeds can still recover. Ricin may be a proteolytic enzyme, 7 mg can cause adult death. The symptoms of castor bean poisoning include headache, gastroenteritis, rising body temperature, leukocytosis, left shift of blood picture, anuria, jaundice, cold sweat, frequent spasm and cardiovascular collapse. The occurrence of poisoning symptoms often has a long incubation period. Ricin induced acute poisoning in rats, mainly caused liver and kidney damage, carbon hydrate metabolism disorder, lectin in ricin can agglutinate with blood cells. In Huzhou rural areas, there was no poisoning when the Castor seeds were roasted and eaten hot, which may be due to the destruction of ricin by heating.

[processing] smash the seed shell and pick up the kernel.

① "Lei Gong's treatise on processing and frying" says: "if you want to use Castor seeds, you must first boil them in salt soup with the skin for half a day, remove the skin and take the seeds for research. "

② "Chinese herbal medicine" says: "castor bean, avoid iron. "

[nature and taste] Gan Xin, Ping, toxic.

① Tang materia medica: "Gan Xin, Ping, there is a small poison. "

② "Yucatalpa medicine solution": "taste bitter, Qi level. "

[channel tropism] into the large intestine. Lung meridian.

① "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the spleen, large intestine two channels. "

② "Ben Cao Zai Xin": "entering the liver, spleen and lung meridians. "

③ Compendium of materia medica: "to start with Taiyin, to follow Taiyang Sutra. "

[function indications] detumescence and detoxification, diarrhea and stagnation. It is used to treat carbuncle, swelling, toxin, rash, throat obstruction, scabies, tinea, edema, abdominal fullness and stool dryness.

① Tang materia medica: "the main water hundred.". "

② "Rihuazi Materia Medica" says: "for the treatment of abdominal distention and fullness, it is necessary to carefully study the water clothing; for the treatment of scabies and scabies, it can also be applied. "

③ The supplement to the meaning of materia medica: "it can produce stagnant substances with shape and quality, so it is used for those who take fetal birth, afterbirth, residual bone and pus blood. "

④ "The compendium of Medical Sciences" says: "the main side wind is not successful, aphasia, mouth silence, head wind, deafness, tongue distension, throat obstruction, asthma, beriberi swelling, Dan tumor, soup fire injury, acupuncture into the flesh, women's placenta does not come down, children's intestines stand out, opening the channels and collaterals, can stop all pain, detumescence, purulence and detoxification. "

[usage and dosage] external use: tamping or mixing. Oral: into pills, raw research or fried food.

[should not] pregnant women and those with slippery stools should not take it.

According to the classic of Materia Medica, "people with weak spleen and stomach and unstable large intestine should not use it lightly. "

[prescription selection] 1. For the treatment of ulcer and abscess: remove more than 20 Castor seeds, pound them with a small amount of salt and porridge, apply them to the affected area, and change them twice a day. (Fujian folk herbal medicine)

② For carbuncle and gangrene: one portion of peeled castor bean and four portions of rosin. Mash the Castor seeds, add the pine powder, stir well, stir with boiling water to make a paste, and cool in cold water to make a paste. When using, spread the white plaster on paper or cloth according to the size of the sore surface and stick it on the affected area. (selected materials of new treatment of Chinese herbal medicine, Liaoning)

③ Treatment of scrofula: stir fried Castor seeds, peeled, chewed, three or two sleep clothes, gradually increased to more than ten. (Ben Cao Yan Yi)

④ Treatment of sore and swelling in the pharynx: a piece of pockmarked seed (peeled), a piece of Glauber's salt. With the research, new water for a service, even into two or three service effect. (medical standards)

⑤ Treatment of laryngopharyngeal obstruction: pockmarked seeds, take meat and smash it, roll paper into a tube, burn and smoke it. (the holy pipe of the true story of Medicine)

⑥ Treatment of bone choking: seven Castor seeds. To shell research fine, into the cold water stone, wrapped around so dry and wet, with bamboo strips to pick two or three money into the throat, a little water to swallow that. (collected prescriptions of Wei family)

⑦ Treatment of Pandora wind, fingers contracture, internode pain intolerable, gradually broken off: castor one or two (peeled), Coptis one or two (file like beans). After three days of spring and summer, and five days of autumn and winter, take a castor bean and break it to soak it. At the same time, add it to four or five pieces gradually. The profit is not bad, but the water in the bottle is even less. Avoid eating with wind. (medical standards)

⑧ Treatment of soup fire: castor bean, clam powder, etc. Study the paste. Use oil to adjust and apply the soup, and use water to adjust and apply the fire sore. (prescription for health preservation)

⑨ Treatment of dog bites: Fifty Castor seeds. Remove the shell, grind the paste with well water, first wash the bite with salt water, and then paste with Juema paste. (Pocket recipe)

⑩ Treatment of climate headache unbearable: frankincense, castor bean, etc. Mash the cake and stick it on the temple. (compendium)

(11) treatment of children's decadent hernia: three Castor seeds, 30 spiny Gangzi (peeled), one stone swallow (burned), two talc daggers and half musk daggers. Mash and grind the five ingredients evenly, dilute the batter and pills, such as mung bean, take 15 pills each time, hollow, and fry the lantern heart soup. (castor bean pill in Shengji Zonglu)

(12) treatment of asthma and cough: remove the shell of castor bean and stir fry it hot. If you eat it sweet, take more. (Yi Jian Fang for health)

⒀ cure dystocia and afterbirth: 7 Castor seeds. Grind if cream, besmear sole heart, son and dress just next, wash quickly. (collected prescriptions on the sea)

(14) birth and stillbirth: three castor beans, four Croton beans. Grind fine, add a little musk and stick it on the navel. (health home formula)

Treatment of uterine prolapse: castor seed, alum, etc. For the end, an paper into the support, still with 14 Castor seeds, research paste coated top heart. (pick Yuan Fang)

(16) treatment of anal prolapse: one or two Castor seeds. Rotten pestle for paste, twist for cake, two fingers wide, paste fontanelle; such as Yin Syndrome anus, raw aconite powder, onion, garlic with research for paste, according to the former method of paste. (castor oil in the book of living young hearts)

It can be used to treat mouth and eye deviation. The right side is placed in the left hand, the left side is placed in the right hand, but the copper bowl is used to hold hot water, and the medicine is put on it. When it is cold, it can be changed, and it can be corrected five or six times. (women's prescription)

[clinical application] ① treatment of facial paralysis

Apply the bandage (about 0.3 cm thick) to the affected side of the mandible. Change the dressing once a day. Three cases were cured within 10 days.

② Poisoning and detoxification

The toxic substance in castor bean is destroyed when heated. Therefore, most of the poisoning occurred after eating raw food. Three cases of children with persistent vomiting and abdominal pain after taking 2-7 ricinus seeds were reported. One of the serious cases had blurred consciousness, signs of dehydration, cold hands and feet, dilated pupils and slow response to light. According to the general poisoning routine treatment and symptomatic treatment, they gradually recovered.

(1) compendium

Chinese PinYin : Bi Ma Zi