cockroach

cockroach

(collection of compendium)

[synonyms] Fei, Xinlao (Erya), cockroach (Ben Jing), Feixian (Guang ya), negative plate (Guo Ying's note to Erya), Shijiang, Huachong (Tang materia medica), chapochong, xiangniangzi (compendium), Zilang (compendium Collection), steal Youpo (classified herbal medicine), Jiangchong (Guizhou folk medicine Collection), Huangjiao (Luchuan materia medica).

[source] it is the whole insect of Blattella orientalis.

[animal morphology] Periplaneta orientalis

Body elliptic, dorsal abdomen flat, about 2.5 cm long, dark brown, oily luster. The head is curved to the abdomen, most of which are hidden under the front chest; the head is small, 1 pair of compound eyes, 2 single eyes, mouth chewing type; the antennae are very long, filiform, and the links are cylindrical, with about 100 nodes. The male has two pairs of short wings, covering only about 2 / 3 of the abdomen; the female is warped and degenerated, showing only two small pieces of the front wings and disappearing the rear wings. Feet 3 pairs, hairy, tibia and tarsi are long. The tarsus is divided into 5 segments with 2 claws. There are 10 segments of abdomen and 1 pair of tail whiskers at the end. Incomplete metamorphosis: the newly hatched larvae are white in color and become brown juveniles after one metamorphosis, and then become adults after five metamorphoses.

Most of them live in people's kitchens and come out at night. They like to eat vegetables, rice and liquid food. When they eat, they discharge feces and secrete malodorous liquid. It is distributed in most parts of the country.

In addition, the common species are Periplaneta americana and Periplaneta australis. The body is large, dark brown, both male and female have wings.

[collection] all year round. Boil to death, wash and bake.

[chemical constituents] the tough and drug-resistant epidermis of Periplaneta orientalis and Periplaneta americana contains sclera. Scleral substance is a kind of substance tanned by cockroaches with their own water-soluble proteins and quinones. Its manufacturing process is basically similar to leather making with leather and tannic acid, but more complex. The ovaries of cockroaches also have sclera, which is produced in the same way as the epidermis. The epidermis also contains chitin, which is a polysaccharide made of amino acetylated glucosamine. In fact, it is combined with protein in the epidermis. The chitin in the epidermis of Periplaneta americana contains 22% chitin and about 60% chitin in the inner epidermis. There is wax layer on the surface of epidermis, which can enhance the ability of avoiding water and drug resistance of epidermis. The wax layer is made of wax and a solvent, such as Periplaneta americana. The wax has a melting point of 56 ℃ and a molecular weight of 300-350. The solvent is liquid at room temperature and a molecular weight of 120-170. In addition, a small amount of shellac like substances existed in the epidermis.

The muscle of Periplaneta americana hydrolyzes to leucine, phenylalanine, valine methionine, tyrosine, proline, alanine, glutamate threonine, glycine serine, arginine, histidine, lysine cystine. The red muscle of Periplaneta Americana is richer in cytochrome than that of white muscle; its reddish muscle is thought to be caused by cytochrome a, B and C; coenzyme A in red hip muscle is 4.5 times larger than that of white muscle; sterol can be synthesized in the body without oleic acid, palmitic acid, triglyceride and civet ketone as raw materials, and its sterol content is not increased by feeding cholesterol; the turnover of cholesterol in the body is higher than that in mammals slow.

The refined enzymes of Periplaneta orientalis include protease, amylase, esterase, dipeptidase, lichenase, maltase, etc. There are esterase, protease and amylase in the digestive tract of Blattella australis, but there are no lactase, cellulase and pepsin obviously. The back and tail of Blattella orientalis secrete a kind of green mucus, which is dried into ochre amorphous block and contains a lot of protein. In addition, it also contains carbohydrates, ash, protein hydrolysis, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine and other 10 kinds of amino acids. The retinal rod contains a photosensitive pigment, probably rhodopsin.

In cockroach, vitamin B2 and ascorbic acid are the storage organs of free vitamin B1 and ascorbic acid, while in American cockroach, vitamin B2 and ascorbic acid are the storage organs of free vitamin B1 and ascorbic acid. Male cockroaches contain vitamin B2_ The results showed that there were 11.5 μ g / g and 6.43 μ g / g for females, and most of flavin mononucleosides were found in both sexes. Besides B2, there were two more similar substances.

[flavor] salty, cold.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes salty and cold. "

② Bielu: "poisonous. "

③ Tang materia medica: "spicy. "

Functions and indications: breaking blood stasis, resolving accumulation, detumescence and detoxification. It is used to treat Baihuang accumulation, infantile malnutrition, sore, throat moth, carbuncle, snake bite.

① Ben Jing: "it can control blood stasis, cold and heat, break and accumulate, and close larynx and pharynx. "

② Bielu: "Tongli blood.". "

③ Tang materia medica: "Xiaqi. "

④ Classified herbal medicine nature: "it can cure all kinds of food poisons. With the centipede mash package fish mouth, eliminate sores, apply poison, treatment throat moth. "

⑤ Lu Chuan's materia medica: "expelling wind, relieving fever and activating blood vessels. Treatment of children with cold (fried water), and treatment of partial body failure (steamed with lean meat pounding Patty), swelling (external application). "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 1-3 pieces; or bake and grind. External use: tamping.

[prescription selection] 1. The first treatment for infantile malnutrition: cockroaches, head, feet and wings removed, baked in new tiles, often eaten together. (hundred grass mirror)

② Cure swelling: a cockroach (baked), a pinch of radish. Stir fry for the end, good wine swallow. (Zhou Yisheng's family prescription)

③ Cure acne: seven cockroaches are big. Remove the head, feet and shells. Mash a little sugar and apply around the cockroaches to expose the head. (collection of compendium)

④ Detoxification: five red cockroaches on the stove. Grind it and take it with hot wine. Take sweat as degree. (Yang Su Yuan Chuan Xin Fang)

⑤ Treatment of laryngeal moth: steal oil woman, nail (calcination), open throat arrow. Blow your throat for the end. (records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine)

⑥ White fire elixir: cockroaches, baked on tile, for the end, white soup take one or two. It can also treat sores. (collection of compendium)

⑦ The right treatment: two or three litchi meat and two or three cockroaches in Guizhou. The same pound, such as mud, apply, exposed. (Cihang Living Book)

⑧ Cure unknown swelling poison: Ten cockroaches, a pinch of salt. Mash and apply the same, leaving the head. (Cihang Living Book)

⑨ Cure hematemesis: five cockroaches, zhiquqijing, baked on the net tile of brazier, as the end, wrapped in wet rotten skin, swallowed in boiling soup. Every day is like this, swallowing for five days, without interruption. (collection of compendium)

⑩ Cure syphilis: steal oil woman, slug. Roasted, ground, mixed with pig bile. (records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine)

(11) treatment of centipede, snake and insect bites: larva, scissor grass and sea pepper leaves. It's to be rammed together. (records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine)

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Lang