Coptis chinensis

[name of traditional Chinese medicine] Rhizoma Coptidis

[synonym] gegu Luze ("Kaibao Materia Medica") and Hu Lian ("materia medica justice").

[source] rhizomes of Coptis chinensis Franch. Or Coptis tibetana Franch.

[plant morphology] 1

Herbs perennial, hairy. Rhizome cylindrical, slightly woody. It is 15-25 cm long. Leaf blade spatulate, 5-10 cm long, apex pointed, base narrowed into winged sheathed petiole, margin serrate. Flower stem is longer than leaf; spike is 5-10 cm long, with a few bracts or absent below; bracts oblong or lanceolate, as long as calyx; sepals 5, lanceolate, about 5 mm long, ciliate; corolla shorter than calyx, apex with several equal 5 lobes, lobes ovate, ciliate, inner surface sparsely pilose, outer surface glabrous or nearly glabrous; stamens 4, filaments slender, extending far from corolla Ovary 2-locular, style slender, stigma single. Capsule ovate, 6 mm long, slightly grooved laterally, mainly locular dehiscent; seeds oblong, 1 mm long.

Born in alpine grassland. It is distributed in the western Himalayas.

② Tibet Hu Huanglian, also known as: false Huanglian.

Perennial herbs. Rhizome thick, transverse, 15-50 cm long, internodes dense, often dark brown scaly old leaves and fibrous roots. Leaves near root, often rosette shaped; spatulate or oblanceolate, obovate to oblong, 2-7 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, apex rounded or obtuse, base gradually narrowed into a broad stalk, margin obtuse serrate except base. The inflorescence is terminal; the bracts are ovate and hairy; the sepals are 5, 5-6 mm long, with brown pubescence and marginal hairs; the other one is almost linear; the Corolla is dark purple or light blue, 9-12 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, with unequal 4 lobes at the apex, 2-lipped, Stamens 4, 2 strong, 2 glandular pubescent in front, 2 glabrous in rear, anthers ovoid; ovary 2-locular, style slender, stigma capitate. The capsule is ovoid, 9-12 mm long, with deep grooves on the side and main ventricles dehiscent; the seeds are mostly oblate to oblong, 1-1.5 mm long, and the seed coat is reticulate and glossy. The flowering period is June. The fruiting period is July.

It grows on the rocks and stone heaps in the alpine region, or in the sunny part of the shallow upper layer. It is distributed in the south of Tibet and the northwest of Yunnan.

[collection] when the aboveground part withers, dig it, remove the mud and impurities, wash it and dry it in the sun.

(1) Coptis chinensis Franch

The dry rhizome is cylindrical, straight or curved, most of which are not divergent. The commercial products are mostly small segments about 2-9 cm long and 3-8 mm in diameter. The surface is grayish yellow to yellowish brown, glossy, rough, with longitudinal wrinkles and horizontal ring lines; the cork sometimes peels off, exposing the brown skin; there are residual leaf traces at the top, densely scaly, dark reddish brown, or falling off and leaving semi ring nodal marks; the root marks are punctate, with more near nodes. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, and dust flies out when breaking; the skin of the section is gray black, the wood is yellow white, the vascular bundle of the section is 4-7, arranged in a ring, and there is gray black pith in the center. The taste is very bitter and lasting. It is better to have thick strip, dust when breaking, gray black section and bitter taste.

They are all imported from India.

② Coptis chinensis in Tibet

The dry rhizome is cylindrical, somewhat curved, occasionally branched, 3-12 cm long and 2-14 mm in diameter. The surface is grayish brown to dark brown, with transverse wrinkles and longitudinal wrinkles, with protruding buds or bud marks, with round root marks or fine root residues; the tip is densely covered with scaly petiole residues, grayish brown, yellowish brown to dark brown, leathery. It is hard and late, easy to break; the section is slightly flat, the cork layer is gray brown, the skin is light brown to dark brown, accounting for about 1 / 3 ~ 1 / 2 of the radius, with many cracks, the xylem is yellow white, usually 9 xylem vascular bundles, arranged in a ring, the pulp is dark brown, with many cracks. Some in the rhizome node with a few roots, surface gray brown, longitudinal wrinkles. The breath is weak and has a persistent bitter taste. It is better to have thick rhizome and no fine root.

It is produced in Tibet.

[chemical constituents] the root of Coptis chinensis contains 3.4% berberine, 0.5% D-Mannitol, 0.1% vanillic acid, 0.18% picroritol, 0.18% picroritol and 0.18% coumarin acetone. Berberine is not a simple compound, but a stable mixed crystal of Picroside I and Picroside. It also contains Picroside II.

The fruit contains ascorbic acid, sugar, starch and protein.

[pharmacological action] huhuanglian water dispersing agent (1:4) has different degrees of inhibitory effect on skin fungi such as blue Trichophyton vaccine in vitro. The root extract has cholagogic and antibacterial effects, and can be used for hepatitis and urinary tract infection.

[processing] remove impurities, clean them with clean water, pick them up and moisten them thoroughly, slice them and dry them in the sun.

Bitter, cold.

① Tang materia medica: "great cold. "

② Kaibao materia medica: "it tastes bitter, flat and nontoxic. "

[channel tropism] into liver, stomach and large intestine.

① In the explanation of Lei Gong's processed medicinal properties, the three channels of liver, gallbladder and stomach are involved. "

② According to Bencao Huiyan, "starting with the foot Taiyin, Foot Yangming and Jueyin meridians. "

Functions and indications: clearing heat, cooling blood and drying dampness. It is used to treat chancre, convulsion, diarrhea, fatigue, heat, bone steaming, spontaneous sweating, night sweating, hematemesis, bleeding, burning eye, hemorrhoids, fistula and sore.

① Tang materia medica: "it can control the bone, nourish the liver and gallbladder, and improve the eyesight. It is good for treating cold and heat diarrhea, enriching the color, thickening the stomach and intestines, treating women's fetal Qi deficiency and shock, Sanxiao Wuzhi, and adults' five heart trouble and heat. "

② "Kaibao Materia Medica": "it can cure chronic dysentery into malnutrition, typhoid cough, warm malaria, bone heat, regulate waist and kidney, remove Yin sweat, convulsion and epilepsy in children, cold and heat, no food, cholera and diarrhea. "

③ "Danxi Xinfa": "to remove the accumulation of fruit. "

④ Ben Cao Zheng: "it is used to treat hematemesis and bleeding. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.5-1.5 money; or into pills, powder. External use: grind the end to adjust to apply or dip juice to point an eye.

[should not] take it with caution if the spleen and stomach are weak.

[selection] 1. Treatment of feichanre: chuanhuanglian Wuqian, huhuanglian Wuzong, cinnabar Yiqian (another study). The above two things are finely ground. Put the cinnabar powder into the pig's gall, boil it in thin water, fish it with a stick on the Yao, do not touch the bottom, wait for a long time, take it out, grind in Aloe and musk, rice and pills are as big as pockmarks. Take five or seven pills to twenty or thirty pills each time. Drink rice and eat it. (Hu Huang Lian Wan in pediatric medicine Zheng Zhi JUE)

② Treatment of infantile malnutrition, abdominal distention, hot flashes, hair coke: Hu Huanglian five money, lingzhi one or two. For the end, the male pig bile and the mung bean pill are big. Rice drink, each take one or twenty pills. (Quan You Xin Jian)

③ Dysentery blood: Hu Huanglian, Wumei meat, soil under the stove, etc. It's the end. Tea clear tune, before eating, fasting warm. (San Wu San in Su Shen Liang Fang)

④ Treatment of heat dysentery abdominal pain: Hu Huanglian end, rice pill Wuzi big. 30 pills per rice soup. (Xian Yu Shu Gou Xuan)

⑤ For the treatment of typhoid fever, recovery of body heat and red stool and urine: one or two Coptis chinensis and two or two Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (peeled, mixed with half Liang honey, stir fried to scorch). The two flavor is the last, the pig bile and the pill are Wutong. After taking two pieces of ginger and one black plum, the boy urinates three times. After half a day, remove the dross. After eating, warm the urination and make ten pills warm. Take them before lying down. (Ben Cao Tu Jing)

⑥ Treatment of children night sweats, hot flashes: Coptis, bupleurum, etc. Luo is very fine, honey and pills are as big as chicken head. Take two to three pills each time. Use a little wine in the silverware to boil. Add water for five minutes. Boil the heavy Soup for 30 to 20 minutes. Let it warm. Take it with me after eating. (Sun Yonghe)

⑦ Treatment of hematemesis, bleeding: raw rehmannia, Hu Coptis each equal. At last, we should use pig bile as pill, such as Wutong Zi. Each take 50 pills, pro lying jianmaohua soup sent down. (Hu Huanglian powder in Puji Fang)

⑧ Treatment of infant red eyes: Tea tune Hu Coptis end, painted hand foot heart. (Ji Ji Xian Fang)

⑨ For hemorrhoids, pain and swelling, it is not a Ninja: Hu Huang Lian Mo, goose bile Tiao Tu (Sun Tian Ren Ji Xiao Fang)

⑩ Treatment of hemorrhoids and leakage into tube: Hu Huanglian (net end) one or two, pangolin (sesame oil boiled yellow), Shi Jueming (calcined), Huaihua (micro fried) at the end of each five money. Honey balls are as big as pockmarks. Every time you take one money, you can take the hollow rice soup. You can take it in two days in the morning and evening. If it's serious, you'll get better in 40 days. This side does not need needle knife to hang thread, does not suffer pain. If there are protrusions on the four sides of the leakage, add 20 pieces of silkworm cocoon and stir fry them. When they are used in medicine, they are more effective than other leakage. (Huanglian biguan pill, authentic surgery)

(11) the treatment of carbuncle and chancre swelling can be used for those who have ulcerated but not ulcerated: Coptis chinensis and pangolin (burning) can be divided into the end. Mix with tea or chicken. (on simple formulas)

(12) treatment of Bayberry sores: huhuanglian and pig pancreas are boiled and taken together. (materia medica seeks the original)

[discussion by famous experts] 1. In the book of Materia Medica, it is said that "Hu Huanglian is good at eliminating dampness and heat. Therefore, it is the main cause of chronic dysentery, which can cause malnutrition and cold and hot diarrhea, and can thicken the intestines and stomach. Typhoid cough, evil heat in the hand Taiyin, Foot Yangming also. The heat is in the bone. Those who manage waist and kidney and remove Yin sweat have kidney deficiency, dampness and heat, which make heat lie between the kidneys. Children with convulsion, cold and heat, do not eat, heat is wind, so hair convulsion, heat in the appetite, so do not eat. The heart controls the five colors, the spleen and stomach controls the muscles, and the two channels remove the dampness and heat, so the color will be better. Three eliminate five hemorrhoids, adult five heart trouble heat, nothing more than damp heat in the stomach and fire in the five internal organs. Cold to bitter, extremely clear nature, can clear heat, from the stomach to next to bone, all damp heat, evil heat, Yin Fen Fu heat caused by various diseases, can not be eliminated. "Rhizoma Coptidis has a bitter and cold smell. If the Yin and blood are too weak, the true essence is exhausted and the stomach qi and Spleen Yin are weak, don't throw it lightly even if you see the above syndromes

Chinese PinYin : Hu Huang Lian