Epimedium

Epimedium

(Ben Jing)

[synonym] just before (Ben Jing), Xianlingpi (Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun), Xianlingpi (liuliuzhou Collection), fangzhangcao, liuzhangcao, qianliangjin, ganjijin, huanglianzu (rihuazi Ben Cao), sanzhijiuye (Ben Cao Tu Jing), niujiaohua, tongsicao, tiedazu (Guizhou folk prescription medicine Collection), trigeminal bone, feijingcao, tielingjiao (Hunan medicine records).

[source] it is the stem and leaf of Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium cordatum or Epimedium sagittatum.

[plant morphology] 1

Perennial herbs, 30-40 cm high. The rhizome is long, transverse, hard, with many fibrous roots. It has 9 leaflets with long stalks, thin leathery leaflets, ovate to oblong ovate, 4.5-9 cm long and 3.5-7.5 cm wide, with sharp apex and serrated margin. The apex is spiny, the base is deep heart-shaped, and the base of lateral leaflets is oblique. There are sparse hairs on the top when young, and the hairs gradually fall off after flowering, and villous below. 4-6 flowers in raceme, inflorescence axis glabrous or occasionally hairy, pedicel about 1 cm long; bracts at the base, ovate lanceolate, membranous; flowers large, about 2 cm in diameter, yellow white or milky white; calyx 8, ovate lanceolate, 2 whorls, outer 4 small, different, inner 4 large, isomorphic; petals 4, suborbicular, with long distance; stamen 4; pistil 1, style long. Follicles fusiform, 2-lobed at maturity. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruit period is from May to June.

It grows in shady woods and shrubs. It is distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and Gansu.

② Epimedium cordatum

Perennial herbs, 30-40 cm high. The leaflets are oval or suborbicular, 2.5-5 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, apex broad and acute, margin serrate, base deeply cordate, lateral leaflets asymmetric, lateral leaflets with small tip. Flowers in cymose panicles, pedicels glandular hairy; flowers usually white. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruiting period is August.

Born in the wet valley. Distributed in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Guangxi, Hunan, Anhui and other places.

③ Epimedium sagittatum

Perennial herbs, 30-50 cm high. The rhizome is creeping and nodular. The root has 1-3 leaves and 3 compound leaves. The leaflets are ovate to ovate lanceolate, 4-9 cm long and 2.5-5 cm wide. The apex is pointed or acuminate, and the edge has fine spines. The base is heart-shaped. The lateral leaflets are asymmetric, the lateral lobes are oblique and larger, triangular, and the medial lobes are smaller and nearly circular. The stem leaves are often opposite to the top, similar to the root leaves, and the base is oblique arrow shaped Lateral lobes extra large and apex acuminate. The flowers are small, only 6-8 mm in diameter, and the petals are short or nearly absent. The flowering period is from February to March. The fruit period is from April to May.

It grows under the bamboo forest on the hillside or in the rock crevice beside the road. Distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.

The rhizomes of the above plants (Epimedium root) are also used for medicine. See the special article for details.

The original plant of Herba Epimedii used in Yunnan Province is Herba Epimedii acuminata. Its leaves are 3 leaflets or single leaf. The leaflets are long and narrow, and the back of the leaves is soft. Raceme with 10-15 flowers, peduncle long and glabrous, from the inner calyx is twice as long.

[collection] harvest in summer and autumn, cut stems and leaves, remove impurities and dry them in the sun.

[medicinal material] 1. Epimedium brevicornum

Dry stem slender cylindrical, hollow, 20-30 cm long, brown or yellow, longitudinally ribbed, glabrous. The leaves grow on the top of the stem. Most of them have three branches on one stem and three leaves on one branch. Leaf blade ovate heart-shaped, apex pointed, base heart-shaped. The margin is spinose serrate, yellow green above, smooth below, grayish green below, with prominent midrib and veinlets. The leaves are as thin as paper and elastic. It's grassy and bitter.

② Epimedium cordifolia (also known as: Epimedium microphylla) leaves for the central shape, tip tip. Others are the same as Epimedium.

③ Epimedium sagittatum

The leaves are sagittate, long ovate, leathery; the tip of the leaf is acuminate and spiny, and the base of the leaf is sagittate. Others are the same as Epimedium.

It is better to have less stem, more leaves, yellow green color and no broken.

Produced in Shaanxi, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi and other places.

[chemical constituents] the stems and leaves of Epimedium brevicornum contain icariin, and the leaves also contain volatile oil, wax alcohol, TRIACONTANE, phytosterol, tannin and oil. Fatty acids in fatty oil include palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.

[pharmacological action] 1. Effect on sexual function

Epimedium has the function of inducing sex, which is due to the hypersecretion of semen. After the seminal vesicle is full, it stimulates the sensory nerve and indirectly excites the sexual desire. Although Epimedium or Epimedium made in Japan can not show tail raising reaction to dogs, it can promote the secretion of semen. Its leaves and roots have the strongest effect, followed by the fruits and the stems; the prostate and seminal vesicle have the weakest effect The method of increasing the weight of levator ani muscle (mice) proved that the extract of Epimedium has androgen like effect, which is weaker than Cnidium monnieri, but stronger than eococci and hippocampus. The effect of injection of 20-40 mg extract of Epimedium is equivalent to 7.5 μ g testosterone. The results showed that the decoction of Herba Epimedii had no effect on female hormone in ovariectomized mice, and had no effect on mating rate, ovulation cycle and excretion of female hormone in urine of rabbits. The ethanol extract of Epimedium japonicum has no effect on the sexual cycle of normal and ovariectomized female mice, and does not increase the weight of uterus and ovary.

② Impact on microorganisms

In vitro, the decoction of Herba Epimedii has a significant inhibitory effect on poliovirus, and it can inactivate other enteroviruses even within one hour after contacting with the virus; it has a significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus albus and Staphylococcus aureus, and has a mild inhibitory effect on Kawasaki, Diplococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. 1% concentration had bacteriostatic effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

③ Antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects

Among the various preparations of epimedium, the fresh stem and leaf extract C and epimedium compound II (Epimedium: Eucalyptus: Flos Daturae = 8:2:1) have expectorant effect (phenol red method in mice), and the ethyl acetate extract has antitussive effect (cough method in mice caused by SO2), but the antiasthmatic effect on guinea pig bronchial asthma is not ideal.

④ Other functions

Epimedium extract can depress blood pressure in rabbits. A small amount of it can increase urine secretion, but a large amount of it can inhibit it. It has inhibitory effect on isolated rabbit intestines. In vitro uterus, it is excited first and then inhibited. Oral administration can reduce blood glucose in hyperglycemic rats. Epimedium contains vitamin E (chicken identification method).

Xianling spleen (Epimedium sagittatum) Decoction and alcohol extract solution can reduce blood pressure in anesthetized rabbits, normal and renal hypertensive rats. The hypotensive mechanism of Xianling spleen is considered to be mainly due to the dilation of peripheral blood vessels and the inhibition of vascular motor center. Erxian mixture (Xianling spleen, Phellodendron chinense, Angelica sinensis, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Xianmao, Morinda officinalis) showed hypotensive effect on acute experiment of anesthetized cats and dogs and hypertensive dogs. It had significant hypotensive effect on nerve type, kidney type and orchiectomized hypertension of rats, but had no significant hypotensive effect on adrenal scald type and ovariectomized type of rats It is the main antihypertensive component.

[toxicity] Epimedium produced in Japan can dilate the pupils of frogs, increase the random movement of mice, hyperreflexia, and often cause mild spasm, then stop breathing and die, and the heart keeps beating for a certain time after stopping breathing.

[processing] Herba Epimedii: remove impurities, remove stems, shred and sift debris. Fried Epimedium: first take the sleeve of sheep fat into the pot to heat and melt, remove the residue, then add Epimedium to stir fry, until the oil of sheep fat is almost absorbed, take out and let cool. (100 Jin of epimedium, 25 Jin of refined tallow oil)

Sweet and warm.

① Bielu: "non toxic. "

② "On medicinal properties": "it tastes sweet and flat. "

③ Shu materia medica: "Wen. "

④ "Diannan Materia Medica": "the nature is slightly warm, the taste is slightly pungent. "

[Guijing] into the liver and kidney channels.

① "Diannan Materia Medica": "entering liver and kidney channels. "

② "Gangmu": "hand, foot Yang Ming, triple energizer, gate of life. "

③ In the classic of Materia Medica, it is said that "starting with Jueyin, foot Shaoyin and Jueyin. "

Functions and indications: tonifying kidney, strengthening yang, dispelling wind and removing dampness. It is used to treat impotence, urination, acute contracture of muscles and bones, hemiplegia, weakness of waist and knee, rheumatism, numbness of limbs.

① "Ben Jing": "the main Yin flaccid absolutely injured, stem pain. Benefit urination, replenish qi, strengthen ambition. "

② Bielu: "strengthen the muscles and bones. Xiaohuang, red carbuncle; the lower part of the sore, wash, worm. "

③ Rihuazi materia medica: "it can cure all kinds of cold wind and fatigue, tonify the waist and knees, strengthen the heart. The husband can't get up from the Yang, the woman can't get up from the Yin, and she has no children. Her muscles and bones are tight, and her limbs are not in charge. The old man is faint and forgetful in middle age. "

④ Introduction to medicine: "tonifying kidney deficiency, helping Yang. Treatment of partial wind, hand and foot failure, limb skin is not benevolent. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 1-3 yuan; soak in wine, boil ointment, or put into pill or powder. External use: wash with boiling water.

[taboo] those with Yin deficiency and fire easily moving should not take it.

① "Dioscorea zingiberensis" is an important part of the book of Materia Medica. "

② Rihuazi materia medica: "Zizhi is the envoy. Good wine. "

③ According to the classic of Materia Medica, "it's easy to raise the empty Yang, and it's hard to stop the dream, so the mouth is dry, and it's forbidden to strengthen the Yang without flaccidity. "

[prescription selection] 1. Treatment of partial wind, hand and foot failure, skin unkindness: Xianling spleen 1 jin, fine file, in raw silk bag, in Bujin utensil, soak it with two buckets of ashless wine, seal it with thick paper, do not pass through

Chinese PinYin : Yin Yang Huo