Bupleurum chinense

Bupleurum chinense

(compendium)

[synonyms] Yinhu (seeking truth from materia medica), shancaigen, shanmata Caigen (Shandong traditional Chinese Medicine), niubeigen, shashener, baigenzi, and tushen (records of traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the root of Caryophyllaceae.

[plant morphology] Bupleurum chinense

Perennial herbs, 20-40 cm high. The main root is cylindrical, 1-3cm in diameter, the outer skin is yellowish, and there are many verrucous vestiges on the top. Stem erect, nodes distinct, upper bifurcate divergent, densely covered with short hairs or glandular hairs. Leaves opposite; sessile; lower part of stem larger, lanceolate, 4-30 mm long, 1.5-4 mm wide, apex acute, base rounded, entire, upper green, sparsely short hairy or almost glabrous, lower light green, short hairy. Flowers solitary, pedicel 1-4 cm long; flowers small, white; sepals 5, green, lanceolate, glandular hairs outside, margin membranous; petals 5, shorter than sepals, apex 2-cleft, lobes oblong; stamens 10, inserted at the base of petals, slightly longer than petals; pistils 1, ovary superior, nearly spherical, style 3, slender. Capsule subglobose, apically 6-toothed at maturity. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruit period is from August to September.

It grows in dry grassland, stone crevice or gravel of overhanging rock. Distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and other places.

[collection] collect in autumn, remove the stems, leaves and fibrous roots, wash and dry them in the sun.

The dried roots are cylindrical, 15-40 cm long and 1-2.5 cm in diameter. There are many small verrucous protuberances on the top of the root, which are stem marks on the ground, dense and white, and are commonly known as "Pearl disk". There are a few differences at the bottom. The surface is yellowish brown or grayish brown, with twisted longitudinal lines and branch root marks, and most circular holes can be seen. It is often called "trachoma", especially near the root head, where it is broken, and the section has brown patterns. It is brittle, with dust flying out when it is broken, rough section, voids and large yellow and white radial patterns. The taste is sweet and bitter. It is better to have long strip, light yellowish brown skin and yellowish white cross section.

It is mainly produced in Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and other places.

In addition to the above authentic products, there are also a variety of Caryophyllaceae plant roots, which are also used as silver bupleurum, collectively known as Shanyin bupleurum, with inferior quality. The main problems are as follows:

① The root of carnation (also known as xiacao, oushitouhua, grasshopper) is a slightly flat long cone, twisted and not straight, 10-22 cm long and 0.7-4.5 cm in diameter. The head of the root is often bifurcated, with many small protuberant stem marks. Most of the skin has been removed, with brown and white patterns. It is hard and heavy, not easy to break, and the section is not flat. There are many yellow and white patterns arranged alternately into a ring, generally 2-4 layers. Weak Qi, bitter taste, numb tongue, and irritant.

Produced in Shandong, Shanxi and other places.

② The root of Dianthus conoides (also known as linear Qumai and round leaf Dianthus) is cylindrical, with yellowish outer skin and many traces of residual stem at the top. The section is yellow and white. It's sweet.

Produced in Shanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang and other places.

③ The root of rush is slightly conic, about 2-4cm thick. There are many aboveground stem residues on the head of the root, and there are fine horizontal lines near the head of the root. The surface is grayish brown or light brown, and the cork peel is yellow. The section is yellowish white with narrow rays. It tastes bitter.

Produced in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei and other places.

④ The root is columnar, about 0.5-2 cm thick, with yellowish brown surface, longitudinal wrinkles and small pimples. The section is white. The taste is light. Commodity also known as yellow bupleurum, iron Bupleurum.

Produced in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Heilongjiang and other places.

⑤ The root of myrtle (also known as crane grass) sometimes has branches, about 1-2 cm thick. The root head sometimes has aboveground stem residues, and the surface is light yellow with longitudinal lines. Careful observation shows that there are slightly protruding horizontal lines on the longitudinal lines. It is hard in quality, light yellow in cross section and relatively flat. It is slightly sweet and astringent.

Produced in Gansu, Shaanxi and other places.

The whole herb of this product is called Tuoli herb. Please refer to "Tuoli herb".

[chemical constituents] the roots of Dianthus caryophyllus contain triterpenoid saponins, and the aglycone is gossyenin

[pharmacological action] the triterpenoid saponins extracted from the same plant of Dendrocalamus pacificus can reduce the cholesterol concentration in serum, the cholesterol / cerebral phospholipid coefficient and the lipid content in aorta of rabbits when they are taken orally at the same time or every day after the formation of atherosclerosis. The symptoms of excitement, depilation and subcutaneous lipid like thickening of the extremities were improved in atherosclerotic rabbits. Some people think that saponins can act on plasma lipoproteins, prevent the esterification of cholesterol and its deposition in the vascular wall, and some people think that saponins can prevent the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine.

[processing] silver Bupleurum: remove impurities, remove noise, wash with water, soak slightly, take out, moisten thoroughly, slice and dry in the sun. Turtle blood silver Bupleurum: take silver Bupleurum tablets, put them in a large basin, pour in a little diluted turtle blood with warm water, mix well, moisten, put them in a pot, stir fry them with slow fire, remove them and let cool. (every 100 Jin of bupleurum, 200 live turtles for blood collection)

[flavor] sweet and bitter, cool.

① "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": "sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic. "

② Yilin zuanyao: "bitter, cold. "

③ Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine: "it tastes sweet and slightly bitter. It's cool. "

[channel tropism] into liver and stomach channels.

① According to the book of Ben Jing Feng Yuan, "walking foot Yang Ming, Shaoyin.". "

② "Into the liver, gallbladder. "

Functions and indications: clearing heat and cooling blood. It can cure deficiency, fatigue, bone steaming, yin deficiency, malaria, infantile malnutrition, fever and emaciation.

① Ben Cao Jing Shu: "treating fatigue and heat, steaming bone.". "

② "Ben Cao Bei Yao": "it's good to cure chronic malnutrition. "

③ "Materia Medica from the new": "the treatment of deficiency, fatigue and heat, bone steaming, malarial heat from the marrow, infantile five malnutrition and heat. "

④ Yilin zuanyao: "strengthen kidney and water, level fire.". "

⑤ It can clear the heat of lung, stomach, spleen and kidney, and cool the blood. It can cure deficiency and damage of five zang organs, skin fatigue and heat, bone steaming and pain, dampness and contracture. "

⑥ "Xinjiang Chinese herbal medicine manual": "clearing heat and cooling blood. Treatment of tuberculosis hot flashes. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 yuan; or into pills, powder.

[should avoid] people with exogenous wind cold and blood deficiency without heat should not take it.

[prescription selection] 1. For the treatment of bone steaming and labor heat: yinchaihu (1:5), huhuanglian (1:1), Qinjiao (1:1), Biejia (1:1), Digupi (1:1), Qinghao (1:1), Zhimu (1:1), Gancao (5:1). Water two minutes, fry eight minutes, eat far service. (Qinggu powder, standard of syndrome differentiation and treatment)

② Treatment of hot flashes, body dry skin, skin nail wrong, Xiaosuo but not moist: Silver Bupleurum two money, Trionyx three money. (Yin Jia San, Wenzheng Zhigui)

[discussion by famous experts] ① in the book of Ben Jing Feng Yuan: "the nature and taste of yinchaihu are not very different from those of Dendrobium. It can not only clear away heat, but also cool blood. He Ji Ju Fang is used in the treatment of upper and lower blood longnao Jisu pills. According to Chaihu's prescription, Yinzhou is the best one. If we use Bupleurum chinense to promote the deficiency of Yang, heat and cough, the more tranquil it is, we can mix it up. According to the prescription of Bupleurum chinense, this classic refers to Yinxia. It's not as good as Bupleurum chinense. "

② "Ben Cao Bian Du": "silver bupleurum, no solution to the nature of the table. Those who have always noted "Materia Medica" all say that it can cure infantile malnutrition fever and adult tuberculosis fever, and has the effect of cooling blood into the liver and gallbladder. "

③ Ben Cao Zheng Yi: "in ancient times, bupleurum produced in Yinzhou was the best. Su Song of Song Dynasty had said that it was the best. Chen Cheng also said that Yinxia was the best. However, although there was such a saying, it has not been used separately. Therefore, the compendium of Bupleurum near the lake is still indistinguishable. Today's two kinds of sub users, Gai is the power of Shi Wan's advocacy. However, the ancient saying that Bupleurum is the medicine for asthenia also refers to yinchaihu. According to Zhao Shuxuan's Compendium collection, heat is in bone marrow, not in silver Bupleurum. It is used to treat asthenia, fatigue and malarial heat, and infantile five malnutrition. It is a good medicine for curing asthenia and heat. In order to clean up the burning of the deficiency fire, and then combine it to nourish yin and invigorate the spleen, it can be saved slowly, which is not the same as that of Bupleurum chinense. "

Chinese PinYin : Yin Chai Hu