Berberis

Berberis

(Tang materia medica)

[synonyms] Berberis (Tao Hongjing), pomegranate (tangbencao), Phellodendron chinense and three needles (Shaanxi herbal medicine).

[source] it is the root and stem branch of Berberis macrophylla, Berberis tenuifolia or Berberis japonicus.

[plant morphology] 1. Berberis macrophylla, also known as huanglumu, Berberis amurensis, gounaizi and daokouyao.

Deciduous shrub, 2-3.5m high. The young branches are grayish yellow, with shallow grooves, the old branches are gray, the spines are 3-branched, purplish red, 1-2.5 cm long. Leaves tufted, papery, oblong, ovate, remnant elliptic, 5-10 cm long and 2.5-5 cm wide, apex acute or obtuse, base gradually narrowed, extending into petiole, margin densely covered with irregular spiny teeth, dark green above, sometimes powdery below. Raceme drooping, 4-10 cm long, with 10-25 flowers; pale yellow flowers; bracts lanceolate; bracteoles 2, triangular; calyx 6, 2-whorled, petaloid; petal 6, long ovate, 4.5-5 mm long, apex slightly concave; base with a pair of oblong glands; stamen 6, anther petal split; ovary superior, oval, stigma capitate flat. Berry elliptic, ca. 10 mm long, red, apex without persistent style.

It grows on the edge of mountain forest and on the edge of stream. It is distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, heilongzhan, etc.

② Berberis tenuifolia, also known as needle sparrow, sour dog milk.

Deciduous shrub, 1-2m high. Branches with grooves and verrucous processes; spines 3-branched, 4-9 mm long, or not branched or without spines. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-4.5 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, apex acute, acuminate, base gradually narrower, entire or lower margin toothed. Racemes sometimes subumbelliform, flowers yellow; bracteoles 2, lanceolate; petals obovate, ca. 2. 5 mm. Berries oblong, red.

Born on hillside, roadside or stream. Distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and other places.

③ Berberis japonicus

Deciduous shrubs, up to 2.5 m high. Branchlets with ridges, yellow or purplish red, purple brown the next year; spiny, simple, rarely 3-branched, 5-18 mm long. Leaves tufted, obovate to spatulate, oblong, 0.5-3 cm long and 0.2-1.6 cm wide, apex obtuse or mucronate, base narrow, entire, bright green above and slightly frosty below. The flowers are mostly small racemes, with 2-5 (~ 12) yellow white flowers; pedicel 6-10 mm long, or sessile; bracteoles 3, ovate; sepals 6, long elliptic; petals 6, 2-whorled, slightly smaller than sepals, long elliptic, about 2 mm long; stamens 6; pistil ovary 1-locular. Berry long elliptic, 7-10 mm long, ripe red, with persistent style. The flowering period is April.

Distributed in Shaanxi, Anhui, Hebei, Hunan, Hubei and other places.

Berberis aureus (see "three needles of Berberis"), Berberis spinosa (distributed in Northeast China), Phellodendron chinense (see "Phellodendron chinense"), Berberis acutissima (distributed in Sichuan) and Berberis europaea (distributed in Tibet, Sichuan and Gansu) are also used as Berberis.

[collection] dig in spring and autumn, wash and dry.

[nature and taste] Tang materia medica: "bitter taste, cold, non-toxic. "

Functions and indications: clearing away heat and dampness, purging fire and detoxifying. Treatment of acute enteritis, dysentery, jaundice, heat Bi, Huang, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, carbuncle, sore, blood avalanche.

① Tao Hongjing: "the main aphthous ulcer. "

② "Tang Materia Medica" says: "it's mainly used to cure mouth ulcers, kill insects, and remove the heat in the heart. "

③ "Gangmu": "treating blood collapse. "

④ Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine: "clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. Treatment of acute enteritis, dysentery, jaundice, leucorrhea, joint swelling and pain, yin deficiency fever, bone steaming, night sweats, carbuncle, sore, mouth sores, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, yellow water sores. "

[usage and dosage] oral: decoction, 1-3 yuan; or stewed meat. External use: eye drops with decocting water, or sprinkle with grinding powder, or hot compress with decocting water.

[prescription selection] ① treatment of dampness heat arthralgia: fresh Berberis root five money to one or two, pig skin and meat, water stew service.

② Treatment of scrofula: fresh Berberis root five money to one or two, decoction or wine service.

⑧ Treatment of dry heat and ragged lips and tongue: cut the dried bark of Berberis into thin slices, soak it in clear water, and take one piece in each mouth. (1) Fujian Chinese herbal medicine is listed below.)

④ For sore, furuncle, swelling and pain: three needles, decoction, and local wet compress. (Atlas of common Chinese herbal medicines)

⑤ Treatment of breast carbuncle: fresh Berberis root five money to one or two, pig lean meat amount, water and wine decoction. (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine)

[clinical application] ① treatment of chronic tracheitis

The weight of each tablet is 0.23 g, which is equivalent to 10 g of crude medicine. 5 tablets each time, twice a day, 10 days as a course of treatment, three consecutive courses. The interval of each course was 5-7 days. A total of 288 cases were treated, 28 cases (12.3%) were controlled and 89 cases (39.03%) were markedly effective. It has been proved that it is effective in antitussive, antiasthmatic, expectorant and anti-inflammatory, especially in anti-inflammatory. After taking the medicine, 80% of the patients reported increased food intake, good spirit and sleep, and no side effects.

② Treatment of pneumonia in children

Berberine is extracted from Berberis tenuifolia and injected intravenously. It is 1-3 mg / kg body weight per day. It has obvious antibacterial, anti infective and antipyretic effects. 119 cases were treated, 21 cases were cured, 37 cases were markedly effective, 49 cases were improved, the effective rate was 89%. After medication, the body temperature generally dropped to normal within 48 hours, the symptoms improved and the appetite increased. However, a few patients had palpitation, sweating, facial whiteness and vomiting during intravenous injection. After stopping injection and resting for 10 minutes, the symptoms disappeared.

③ Treatment of dysentery and enteritis

Berberine (crude product) extracted from the root of Berberis tenuifolia was used to make capsules. Each capsule contained 0.2g. Take one capsule each time, three times a day, twice the amount for the first time, and half for children. Ten cases were treated. The symptoms disappeared on the second day and the stool test returned to normal on the third day.

④ Try to eliminate the carrier of meningitis

Take the Berberis fine leaf 2 two (first remove its outer skin), soak in water for a day and night, add 500 ml of water, boil 200 ml, adjust pH before use 7, for nose drops, 2 times a day, 2~3 drops per nostril, and drop 3 days. Before administration. Remove the nasal mucus, tilt your head back, and take the feeling between the pharynx as the criterion. 61 people were observed, 19 people carried bacteria before administration, and 3 people carried bacteria after administration. However, few cases were observed, and the co stability needs to be further confirmed.

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Bo