American ginseng

American ginseng

(compendium)

[synonyms] Panax quinquefolium, Panax quinquefolium, Panax quinquefolium, Panax quinquefolium, Panax quinquefolium and Panax cantonensis.

[source] it is the root of Panax quinquefolium.

[plant morphology] American ginseng

Perennial plants, all hairless. Roots fleshy, spindle shaped, sometimes divergent. The rhizome is short. Stem cylindrical, ca. 25 cm, longitudinally striated, or slightly angulate. Petioles 5-7 cm long; leaflets membranous, broadly ovate to obovate, 4-9 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide, apex pointed, margin coarsely serrated, base cuneate, the lowest two leaflets the smallest; petioles about 1.5 cm long, the lowest two petioles shorter or nearly sessile. The main pedicel is drawn out from the center of the petiole at the stem end, slightly longer than or nearly equal to the petiole; the flower is umbelliform, with many flowers, the pedicel is thin and short, and there is one ovate bracteole at the base; the calyx is green, bell shaped, with 5 teeth at the apex, and the lobes are blunt, and there is one triangular bracteole at the base of the calyx tube; the petal is 5, green and white, rectangular; the stamen is 5, with slightly wide base of the filament, and the anther is ovate to rectangular; the pistil is 1, under the ovary 2-locular, style 2, upper part forked, lower part connate; disk fleshy annular. Berries oblate, paired, bright red when ripe, stipe elongated. The flowering period is July. The fruit ripens in September.

It is native to North America and cultivated in China.

[collection] the roots that have been growing for 3-6 years were selected and dug in autumn. The branches and whiskers were removed and dried in the sun. Spray water wet, hit the skin, and then sulfur yellow smoked, after drying, its color white from powder, known as "powder light American ginseng". If the skin is dried or dried after digging up, it is called "original skin American ginseng".

[herbal medicine] the dry root is slightly cylindrical with spindle shape, 2-6 cm long and 0.5-1 cm thick, with fine horizontal lines and irregular longitudinal wrinkles on the surface, and the fine lines on the top are dense and annular. The fracture surface is flat, light yellow, with dark cambium ring, and scattered with most reddish brown resin tubes and thin tubes. Due to different processing, it is generally divided into two categories: powdered Panax quinquefolium and original skin Panax quinquefolium

① Panax quinquefolium

The wild ones are smaller or divergent in shape, white and light in color, and with fine lines on the outside. Light weight. It is fragrant and strong, slightly sweet and bitter. Cultivated, the skin color is white, fine lines are not as close as wild. The weight is strong and the taste is light.

② Native American ginseng

The wild ones are as thick as the thumb, or smaller. The appearance is earthy yellow with black and fine lines. The interior is yellowish white. The constitution is relaxed. It has strong fragrance and good quality. The shape of the cultivar is similar to that of the wild, but the outer skin is light yellow, thin, and the horizontal grain is not black and sparse. The constitution is strong and heavy. The taste is light. The best of the above two kinds is uniform strip, hard quality, light weight, close horizontal lines on the surface, delicate fragrance and strong taste. In general, the wild is the best, followed by the cultivated.

Mainly produced in the United States, Canada and France.

[chemical constituents] the rhizome contains ginsenoside RO, Rb1, Rb2, RC, RD, re, Rg1 and pseudoginsenoside F1 (F11), and 18 amino acids such as arginine and aspartic acid, as well as volatile oil and resin.

[pharmacological action] in animal experiment, it has sedative effect on brain and moderate excitatory effect on life center.

[processing] the original drug was sprayed with water, covered with wet cloth, moistened for 2 days in summer and autumn, moistened for 3 days in winter and spring, sliced and dried.

[flavor] sweet, slightly bitter, cool.

① "Materia Medica from the new": "bitter slightly sweet, cold. "

② Ben Cao Zai Xin: "it is sweet and pungent in taste, cool in nature and non-toxic. "

[Guijing] Bencao Zaixin: "entering the heart, lung and kidney meridians. "

[function indications] yifeiyin, qingxuhuo, Shengjinzhike. It can treat lung deficiency, cough for a long time, blood loss, dry throat, thirst, deficiency heat and tiredness.

① "Materia Medica from the new": "Bufei Jianghuo, shengjinye, in addition to tired. It is appropriate to have fire in the void. "

② "Tonifying Yin and reducing fever" is the key point of the traditional Chinese medicine. Ginger is beneficial to Qi and healthy qi. "

③ "Ben Cao Zai Xin" says: "it can cure lung fire, cough, phlegm, Qi deficiency, wheezing, blood loss, fatigue, strengthen essence and tranquilize mind, and produce all kinds of deficiency. "

④ "Seeking the source of Materia Medica": "clearing the lung and kidney, cooling the heart and spleen, reducing fire, relieving heat and relieving alcohol. "

⑧ "Zhongshen Xilu of medicine": it can supplement qi and blood. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: Decoction (another Decoction and kimono), 0.8 ~ 2 yuan.

[should avoid] when the middle Yang is weak and the stomach is cold and wet, it should not be taken.

① "Ben Cao Cong Xin": "if you take it when it's dirty and cold, it's abdominal pain. If you take it when it's depressed, it's hot and cold. "

② "Gangmu Shiyi": "do not stir fry iron and fire. "

[selected formula] for Changhong: take it steamed with American ginseng and longan. (Lei Ju Yao Fang)

Chinese PinYin : Xi Yang Can