Panax notoginseng

Panax notoginseng

(Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine)

[synonyms] copper chopsticks (Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine), small leaf lotus (Tibetan commonly used Chinese herbal medicine), chicken vegetable moss (Gansu health news (4): 371972), olemoseroma qiongwa (Tibetan name).

[source] it is the root and rhizome of podophyllum, a Berberidaceae plant.

Podophyllum

Perennial erect herbs, 40-80 cm high. The stem is green, smooth and ribbed, with 2-3 leaves on the upper part. Leaf shield shape, straight stem 25 cm, palmate, 3-lobed, several lobes to base, lobes to middle, green, smooth above, hairy below. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, red; bracts lanceolate; corolla 6-petal, outer ring 3-petal longer, 4.5 cm long, inner ring 3-petal smaller; stamens 6; stigma many lobed. Berries ovate, red. Seeds numerous with aril. The flowering period is from April to May.

It grows under the forest in Zhongshan area. It is distributed in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Yunnan and Tibet.

The fruit of this plant (mohi) is also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

Podophyllum Xizang, 3-lobed leaves, lobes no longer divided or only lateral, lobes slightly 2-lobed, flowers white, occasionally pink. It is also used as medicine.

[collection] harvest from July to August.

[medicinal materials] the rhizome is short and thick, reddish brown or light brown; the root is thin and long, 15-25 cm long, about 2 mm thick; the connecting rhizome is curved, the surface is light brown or brownish yellow, with fine longitudinal wrinkles and curly fine fibrous roots. The section is round and yellow white. Qi Qi, bitter taste.

[chemical constituents] four compounds were isolated from the roots: podophyllotoxin; c21h22o2, MP 122 ~ 4 ℃; quercetin, MP 308 ~ 10 ℃; delphinidin.

[pharmacological action] it was reported in the early years that podophyllotoxin had a similar mitotic inhibition effect to colchicine on rabbit cells and human skin. Later, podophyllotoxin was isolated, which could inhibit cell mitosis in the metaphase. It had obvious inhibitory effect on animal tumors, but it had low therapeutic index, high toxicity to human and no medicinal value. Later, lignans with anticancer effect were isolated one after another, but the toxicity was still high, which was not suitable for systemic application. At present, its derivatives, such as ethylhydrazine podophyllate (sp-i), have little toxicity and no damage to the hematopoietic system. It can be used in the treatment of solid tumors or combined with surgical radiotherapy. It is effective for breast cancer, bladder cancer and skin cancer. Sp-g, a benzylidene derivative of podophyllotoxin, is less toxic and can be used locally to treat ear, nose and pharynx tumors. VM-26, another derivative of podophyllum lignans, is also less toxic. It can not only stop the mitosis, but also prevent the cells from entering the mitotic phase, resulting in rapid dissolution of cells. At low concentration, it can inhibit the combination of thymine and DNA; it is effective for advanced lymphoreticular cell sarcoma, and the side effect is the inhibition of bone marrow.

Bitter and warm.

① Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine: "bitter in taste, mild in nature. "

② "Tibetan commonly used Chinese herbal medicine" says: "it is warm in nature, bitter and slightly pungent in taste, and has little poison. "

[function indications] it is used to treat rheumatism, pain, cough and asthma, stomachache and traumatic injury.

① "Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine": "in addition to rheumatism, Li Qi and blood, pain, cough, reconcile various drugs. Treatment of rheumatism, pain, numbness, fatigue, injury, cold cough, irregular menstruation, iron hammer poisoning, etc. "

② "Tibet commonly used Chinese herbal medicine": "harmonizing blood, hemostasis, detoxification, detumescence. It is used to treat lumbocrural pain, cough and asthma, heartache and stomachache, and traumatic injury. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.5-1 yuan; or grinding powder.

[prescription selection] 1. Treatment of cough due to labor injury and wind cold: taoerqi, taiqianghuo, taibaibeimu and Shashen are two yuan each. Take it in water. (Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine)

② Treatment of heart and stomach pain: Peach ear 71 yuan, Taibai rice 1.5 yuan, Changchun 71 yuan, cinnabar 73 yuan, Muxiang 8 Fen, shierzi 2 yuan, loquat jade 2 yuan, camphor wood 3 yuan. Fried in water, sooner or later. (Shaanxi herbal medicine)

[clinical application] 1

Animal experiments show that podophyllum has a certain inhibitory effect on malignant tumor. 5 cases of cervical cancer were treated by local application of podophyllum preparation. One case of stage I cauliflower type cervical cancer, after two months of treatment, the local tumor disappeared and the cervix returned to normal; four cases of stage III cervical cancer, after three months of treatment, the local tumor of 3 cauliflower type patients was significantly reduced and flattened, but there was still tumor residue in the tumor bed, and the local tumor of 1 nodular type patient was not significantly reduced. In effective cases, the local cervical cancer began to shrink after 7-14 days of treatment, and the original cauliflower like tumor tissue disappeared in some patients. The cervix was smooth and normal, but the congestion was significant. In addition, one case of penile cancer was cured and all the tumors disappeared. Several cases of skin cancer were also flattened after treatment. Preparation and usage: extract podophyllate from the root of podophyllum, dissolve it in 75% alcohol to make 10-20% solution, apply it on the cervical tumor with cotton ball dipped in the drug solution, remove it after 24 hours, and apply it once a day or every 1-2 days according to the local changes of the cervix and the reaction of vaginal mucosa. Most of the patients were treated for about 3 times, and obvious white foam appeared in the local cervix, and leucorrhea also increased. At this time, the anti-inflammatory and Shengji powder and Podophyllum oxylate solution can be applied alternately to improve the inflammation caused by tumor necrosis and promote the recovery of normal cervical tissue. In the course of treatment, the decoction was given according to the principle of syndrome differentiation. There was no serious adverse reaction, but it stimulated the normal mucosa, had mild diarrhea and lower abdominal pain, and disappeared after symptomatic treatment.

② Treatment of chronic tracheitis

Take the root of chicken vegetable moss to dry in the sun, stir fry it with yellow rice wine, grind it into powder, add the same amount of weishuping powder to make tablets, each tablet contains 0.125g crude drug. Three times a day, 1-2 tablets each time after meals, 10 days as a course of treatment, a total of two courses. 475 cases were observed. The total effective rate was 85.9%, and the marked effective rate was 38.7%. The effective rate was 92.9%, and the markedly effective rate was 57.1%. The antitussive and expectorant effects were better than the antiasthmatic effects. Most of the cases were cured within 6 days. There seems to be a cumulative synergistic effect after two courses of treatment. The side effects were mild. 61 cases had epigastric discomfort, mild diarrhea, headache and dizziness, but they could disappear after taking medicine or reducing or stopping.

Chinese PinYin : Tao Er Qi