Trichosanthes kirilowii

Trichosanthes kirilowii

(notes to the classic of Materia Medica)

[synonym] gualouren (danxixinfa) and Trichosanthes kirilowii (zhizhileming).

[source] the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Trichosanthes kirilowii, etc.

[plant morphology] 1. Trichosanthes kirilowii, see "Trichosanthes kirilowii" for details.

② Trichosanthes kirilowii

Perennial grass vines. The roots are strong. Stem slender, angulate, brown pubescent when young; tendrils axillary, apex 2-branched. Leaves alternate; broadly ovate, shallowly cordate, 8-16 cm long, nearly 3-9-lobed, lobes lanceolate or narrowly obovate, acute, margin sparsely dentate, glabrous on both sides, or base slightly hairy, with rough spots; petiole 4-6 cm long. Flowers unisexual, dioecious; male flowers 3-4, arranged in racemes; calyx tubular, 5-lobed, lobes linear, retrovolved; corolla white, 5-lobed, lobes finely divided into fimbriate; stamens 3, filaments about 2.5 mm long; female flowers solitary in leaf axils, calyx and corolla with male flowers; ovary inferior, style 3-lobed, stigma capitate. Bottle gourd, broadly elliptic or spherical, 6.5-10 cm in diameter, orange yellow, bright. The seeds are numerous. The flowering period is from June to August. The fruit period is from August to October.

It grows on the flat land or in the wet and shady places of streams. It is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and other places.

The root (trichosanthin) and pericarp (Trichosanthes kirilowii) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

③ Trichosanthes kirilowii

The rhizome is 1.5-4.5 meters long, the tuberous root is very long, spindle or strip-shaped, and the diameter is about 6-10 cm. Young branches hairy, glabrescent when old. Leaf blade ovate or triangular ovate, 7-12 cm long, 4.5-9 cm wide, apex acuminate or long acuminate, base truncate or obtuse, sometimes halberd shaped, margin sparsely indistinct denticles or shallowly undulate denticles, sometimes irregularly 2-2-lobed or even deeply lobed, asymmetric, both sides slightly coarse, glabrous. Tendrils are often short. The male flowers are arranged in thick racemes with solitary bracts 1, broadly ovate; the calyx tube is short, slightly felted, the sepals are linear lanceolate, long and wrinkled, slightly retroflexed; the Corolla is yellow white, with long tassels; the female flowers are solitary. The bottle gourd is oval, 15-48 cm long, 7-8 cm wide, light orange yellow, blunt and round at both ends. Seeds large and smooth, elliptic or broadly elliptic. It blooms in spring.

It is distributed in Guangxi and Yunnan.

[collection] the fruits were harvested from September to November, and the seeds were cut out, washed and dried in the sun.

(1) Trichosanthes kirilowii

It is the seed of Trichosanthes kirilowii. 2-1. 5 cm long, 6-10 mm wide, 4 mm thick. The outer skin is smooth, grayish brown, with a white concave hilum at the tip and a 1 mm wide margin around. The testa is hard, containing 2-petaled kernel, white, oily, and covered with a green coat (endocarp). The air is weak. It tastes sweet and slightly bitter. It is better to be even, full and oily.

It is mainly produced in Anhui, Shandong, Henan and Sichuan. It is also produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi.

② Trichosanthes kirilowii

It is the seed of Trichosanthes kirilowii. Its shape is similar to that of Trichosanthes kirilowii, but it is large and extremely flat. One end is cut into a rectangle, and the other end is round or slightly pointed. It is 1.5-1.7 cm long, 1 cm wide and 2 mm thick. Its surface is slightly rough, dark brown or purple brown. The margin is 1-3 mm wide and slightly curved.

Mainly produced in Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan and other places. The quality is generally considered to be poor.

③ Trichosanthes kirilowii

It is the seed of Trichosanthes kirilowii. It is oval, slightly protruding on one side, 2-3 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, 4-6 mm thick, with smooth surface, light brown or yellowish brown, and an indistinct edge.

Produced in Guangxi, Yunnan and other places.

In addition, the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong), Trichosanthes honghuaensis (Yunnan, Guizhou), Trichosanthes maganlingensis (Yunnan) and Trichosanthes himalayana (the original plant is referred to as "real gourd") are used as Trichosanthes kirilowii medicine in various producing areas. In Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas, it is customary to use the seeds of the same genus of Wang Gua as Trichosanthes kirilowii. The shape of the two is significantly different, see "Wang Guazi".

[chemical constituents] Trichosanthes kirilowii contains saponins, saponins, organic acids and their salts (such as calcium oxalate), gum, resin, fatty oil and pigment. The content of fatty oil is about 26%, of which saturated fatty acid accounts for 30%, unsaturated fatty acid accounts for 66.5%, and Trichosanthes kirilowii acid is the main unsaturated fatty acid.

The protein of Trichosanthes kirilowii is different from that of Trichosanthes kirilowii. See "smallpox" section.

[processing] Trichosanthes kirilowii: pick up impurities, remove withered seeds, and flatten them. Stir fried Trichosanthes kirilowii: put the dried Trichosanthes kirilowii in the pot, stir fry it with gentle fire until it is slightly puffed up, take out and cool it, Lou Ren Frost: take the shell of Trichosanthes kirilowii, grind it fine, wrap it with oil absorption paper, heat the micro Kang, press it to remove the oil, then grind it fine and sift it.

Sweet and cold.

① "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "bitter taste, cold, non-toxic. "

② "Medicine Huayi" says: "it tastes sweet and has a flat nature. "

[meridian tropism] entering lung, stomach and large intestine meridians.

① "Medicine Hua Yi": entering lung and large intestine. "

② "Seeking truth from Materia Medica" says: "it enters the lung, spleen and stomach at the same time. "

③ Ben Cao Zai Xin: "entering the liver and lung meridians. "

Functions and indications: moisten the lung, remove phlegm and smooth the intestine. Treatment of phlegm heat cough, dry knot constipation, carbuncle swelling, milk less.

① "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "under the milk, and the treatment of carbuncle. "

② Rihuazi materia medica: "tonifying deficiency, dry mouth, moistening heart and lung. Treatment of hand and face wrinkles, hematemesis, intestinal wind diarrhea blood, red and white dysentery. "

③ "Materia medica Mengluo": "invigorate the lower Qi of the lung, remove dirt and open depression. It can treat typhoid fever, chest, weakness, tuberculosis and cough, relieve thirst, generate body fluid, and stop all kinds of blood. "

④ In the classic of materia medica: "it is mainly used to eliminate phlegm. "

⑤ "Medicine Huayi" says: "it can promote heat and phlegm. "

⑥ Bencao Zaixin: "relieving depression, dispelling wind, generating fluid, relieving thirst, stopping lumbago and leg pain. "

⑦ "Yinpianxinshen": "Qingfei, huare phlegm, Runchang, defecate. "

⑧ "Traditional Chinese medicine annals": "treatment of elderly or post disease constipation of the colon. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 3-4 yuan; or put into pill or powder. External use: grind and apply.

[taboo] 1. In the book of Materia Medica, medlar is used. It's not dried ginger. Fear Achyranthes bidentata. Anti Aconitum. "

② "Ben Cao Hui Yan": "the spleen and stomach are deficient and cold, so do not take it. "

[prescription selection] ① for the treatment of phlegm and cough: one or two gualouren and seven Meretrix. For the end, with ginger juice Chengnong foot, ball ball big. Hold it in your eyes. (pick Yuan Fang)

② Treatment of alcohol phlegm, lung: Indigo naturalis, Trichosanthes kernel. On the end, ginger (juice), honey pills. It's not going to melt. (Danxi Xinfa)

③ For women, they are thin in shape, sometimes hot at night with phlegm cough and irregular menstruation: Indigo naturalis, Fructus Trichosanthis and Cyperus (soaked and dried in the sun). On the end, ginger (juice), honey. It's not going to melt. (Danxi Xinfa)

④ Treatment of hot tour danzhong: Trichosanthes kirilowii kernel two big two, strong vinegar transfer Tu. (milk producing prescription)

[famous scholar's discussion] 1. Zhizhilei Ming: "Trichosanthes kirilowii, in the past, people said that it can relieve stagnant heat in the lung, and that it can reduce Qi, always from the sweet to the cold, can be harmonious, can reduce, can run, so stagnant heat can pass by itself. Danxi's so-called dirty chest is also the result of stagnant heat. The stagnant heat leads to ventilation, and the arthralgia of Qi leads to depression. "

② "Herbal Huiyan": "Trichosanthes kirilowii kernel is a medicine for moistening lung and eliminating phlegm, clearing fire and relieving thirst. Its body is oily and fatty. He is in charge of heart, lung, chest and stomach. All dry heat and stagnant heat go against Qi, and eating phlegm stagnates in the middle of the stomach. Where it is feasible to go up and down, it is invisible. Its sweet cold and run, cold can lower Qi phlegm, run can pass convenient knot. "

③ "Ben Cao Zheng": "Gualou Ren, a natural and moistening herb, can reduce excess heat, phlegm and saliva, open stagnation and qi stagnation, relieve thirst, relieve distension and asthma, moisten the lung and stop coughing. But its smell is fierce and bad, good at moving, nausea and vomiting, and it is not suitable for people with deficiency of Qi. "

④ "Medicine Huayi": "Fructus Trichosanthis can remove dryness by moistening the body and promote orifices by smoothing the nature. Where thin phlegm in the diaphragm, easy to clear, do not need to use this. If the phlegm is stagnant and turbid, the old phlegm glue, the stubborn phlegm is tenacious, and the eating phlegm is sticky, they all stay inside. They can't rise or fall, causing Qi to go against chest tightness, cough, thirst, lack of body fluid, or no phlegm sound. By virtue of its smooth power, they can remove the dirt between the diaphragms, then the phlegm can dissipate Qi, the chest can be wide and the body fluid can be stopped by thirst. Its oil can moisten the lung and smooth the intestines. If the evil fire is dry and the stool is formed, it can help the bitter cold, and the large intestine will benefit itself. "

Chinese PinYin : Gua Lou Zi