Guanzhong

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Ruifu, Luo (Erya), Guanjie, Guanqu, Baitou, hujuan, BianFu (Ben Jing), Guanzhong, Guanzhong, guanlai, qumu, Boqin, Yaoqu, Huangzhong (Wupu Ben Cao), Boping, lecao (BIE Lu), caoglutou (Tao Hongjing), boyao, Yaozao (classic explanation), (Ben Cao Tu Jing), Pteris AQUILINUM (Diannan Ben Cao), Hei, Guanzhong, Yizhong (compendium).

[source] it is mainly the rhizomes of Dryopteris crassifolia, Dryopteris foetida, Dryopteris glomerata, Osmunda japonica, Dryopteris sordida, cyathyrium citrinopsis and Dryopteris bidentata.

[plant morphology] 1. Dryopteris crassifolia, also known as Dryopteris crassifolia, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris japonica, Dryopteris sagittata.

Perennial herbs, 50-100 cm high. The underground rhizome is oblique, thick, massive, hard, with many petiole residues and fibrous roots, and densely rusty or dark brown large scales, long lanceolate to linear, 1-2.5 cm long. Leaves clustered at the top of rhizome; petiole 10-25 cm long, from the base to the leaf axis densely covered with brown strip to subulate narrow scales; leaf blade herbaceous, broadly oblanceolate, 60-100 cm long, about 25 cm wide above the middle, bipinnately divided or deeply divided: middle pinnate 10-15 cm long, 2-3 cm wide; lobules closely connected, oblong, rounded, almost entire or apex with blunt saw Teeth, both surfaces more or less rusty scaly, pale green below; lateral veins pinnately forked. Sporangia are distributed on the pinnae above the middle of leaves and below the middle of veinlets, 2-4 pairs per lobe; the cysts are round, about 1 mm in diameter and brown.

Born under the forest and on the moor. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and other places.

② Moth brow fern, also known as: Asian American hoof cover fern.

Herbaceous perennial, 30-90 cm high. The rhizome is thick and short, erect or oblique, with many hard petiole residues and broad lanceolate scales at the apex. The leaves are herbaceous, about 60 cm long and 20 cm wide, apex acuminate, brown short hairs along the leaf axis, feather axis and main vein, 2-pinnately divided and deeply divided, middle lobe 12-15 cm long and 1-2 cm wide, feather crack almost reaching the feather axis; lobes elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded, 3-4 mm wide, margin with shallow round teeth, single lateral lobe 5-7 pairs of pulse. The sporangia are narrow, oblong, crescent shaped, entire and thick.

In valley forests or thickets. It is distributed in Northeast China, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Northwest Yunnan.

③ Fern, also known as: small leaf Guanzhong.

Perennial herbs, 50-90 cm high. Rhizome erect, with dense lanceolate scales at the base of petiole. The sterile leaves are round oblanceolate, 45-90 cm long and 14-25 cm wide, with two deep feathering lobes and 1-2 cm wide in the middle; the lobes are shallowly wavy in margin or with rounded teeth at the top; the lateral veins are single; the lower lobes are gradually reduced to ear shape downward. Fertile leaves are short, small, erect, with long stout stalks. They are pinnate and papery, and the pinnae are rolled down to form nodular pods, enveloping the cysts. The sporangia are round, growing in the middle of the lateral vein branches and converging into a strip at maturity; the sporangia are covered with white membranous material and disappear after maturity.

He was born in the mountains. It is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Sichuan, Tibet, Shaanxi and other places.

④ Osmunda japonica, also known as: high foot Guanzhong, tiger teeth, water bone vegetables.

Perennial herbs, 50-80 cm high. Rhizome stout, transverse or oblique. The leaves are 2-type, densely tomentose when young; the sterile leaves are triangular broad ovate, 30-50 cm long and 25-40 cm wide, 2-pinnate below the top, the pinnules oblong or oblong lanceolate, the apex obtuse or pointed, the base rounded or broadly cuneate, and the margin uniformly obtuse serrate. The fertile leaves are shrunken in strength, with small pinnules of 1.5-2 cm in length and dense sporangia along both sides of the main vein, withering after maturity.

It grows on acidic soil under forest or by stream. It is distributed in Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, etc.

⑤ Black hair fern, also known as: Dragon Boat fern, red fern head. For morphology, please refer to "Oriental black hair fern leaf".

⑥ Cycadium

Evergreen coarse perennial herbs, about 1.2 m tall. Rhizome woody, stout, erect; with columnar principal axis and dense reddish brown long subulate scales along with rhizome. The leaves are leathery, smooth, oblong lanceolate, 60-100 cm long, 10-30 cm wide, pinnate, pinnate lanceolate, 10-15 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base obliquely cordate, margin densely obtuse serrate, often involute downward; the veins are concave, with a row of oblique upward on both sides of the main veins The venules outside the mesh are separated. The sporangia grew along the reticulum at first, and then spread all over the vein, without the cover of sporangia group.

It grows on the dry and barren slopes of mountains. It is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan and Guizhou.

⑦ Dogleg fern, also known as: big leaf Guanzhong.

Perennial herbs, 50-90 cm high. Rhizomes short, oblique, densely brown lanceolate large scales. The leaf is thick papery, oblong, 30-80 cm long, 20-40 cm wide, 2-lobed, with only small scales at the lower part of the shaft; the lower part is about 15 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, with 1 / 2 or slightly deep lobes; the lobes are triangular or triangular oblong, apex pointed, slightly serrated; the veins are reticulate, with 1-2 rows of mesh The veinlets outside the mesh are separated, and there are no veinlets inside. The sporangia are long, growing on the reticular veins on both sides of the main vein; the sporangia cover is long, kidney shaped, brown, leathery, extending to the main vein on the lateral side.

It grows in shady and wet place under sparse forest on hillside. It is distributed in southwest, South China, East China and the Yangtze River Basin.

[collection] collect in spring and autumn, cut off petioles and fibrous roots, remove soil and dry in the sun.

[medicinal materials] 1

It is the dry rhizome of Dryopteris crassirhizoma. It is long conic with blunt or truncated upper end and slightly curved lower end, 10-20 cm in length and 5-8 cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish brown to dark brown, densely covered with orderly arranged petiole residues and scaly leaves, with curved linear fine roots. The petiole residues are flat cylindrical, slightly curved, hard, and slightly flat; they are brown, with 5-7 yellow white vascular bundles, arranged in a ring. A pair of petiole residues on the river surface are slightly larger, and 3 fibrous roots often grow outside the base of each petiole. If the petiole residue is removed, the rhizome can be seen, with a diameter of 1-2 cm. It is hard and not easy to break. The section is not flat, dark green to brown. The taste is light and astringent at the beginning, bitter and pungent gradually.

It is mainly produced in Northeast China.

② Dryopteris crassipes

It is the dry rhizome of Dryopteris. It is oblong, obtuse at the upper end and pointed at the lower end; 10-16 cm long, 6-10 cm in diameter; dark brown. The upper part of petiole residue is wide and flat, tapering downward, with obvious spiny protrusions on both sides, narrow base, often rhomboid; it is hard and brittle, easy to break, flat section, 2 vascular bundles, arranged in "eight" shape; in the middle of vascular bundle, there is often a dark spot or empty hole. There are 1 or 3 fibrous roots on the outside of petiole base, often compressed and branched. The Qi is weak and special, and the taste is astringent or bitter and pungent.

Produced in Beijing, Henan, Gansu and other places.

③ Dryopteris crassifolia

It is the rhizome of fern. It is in obovate or long oval garden shape, with blunt upper part, slightly pointed and curved lower part, often with sharp mouth shaped rhizome; it is 10-16 cm long and 4-7 cm in diameter; it is brown; it is surrounded by petiole residues, fibrous roots and a few scales. The upper part of petiole residue is flat, narrower and narrower downward, the back of petiole residue is raised, there is an obvious longitudinal ridge in the center, and there are "V" or "m" shaped protrusions and wrinkles near the upper end; the petiole residue is hard and brittle, easy to break, and the section is slightly flat, with 2 vascular bundles arranged in an "eight" shape. At the base of petiole, there are 1-3 curved fibrous roots with many branches and sometimes Brown villi. The Qi is small and special, and the taste is astringent

Produced in Jilin, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Shaanxi and other places.

④ , also known as Wei Guanzhong. It is the dry rhizome of Osmunda japonica. It is conic or triangular conic in shape, slightly curved, sometimes branched at the top; 10-20 cm long, 4-8 cm in diameter; the surface is brown, densely covered with oblique petiole residues and fibrous roots, without scales. The petiole residues are flat cylindrical, blunt and round, with auricular stipule wings, but the wings are easy to peel off, and most of them are no longer present or tear like; the quality is hard, the broken surface is crescent or oblate, and most of them are hollow, and "U" shaped vascular bundles can be seen, the thick walled tissue of stipule wings is connected into one piece, and the cross section is a black line. At the base of petiole, there are curved fibrous roots, often compressed and branched. The Qi is weak and special, and the taste is light and astringent.

It is produced in central and East China.

⑤ Dryopteris amabilis

It is the dry rhizome of Dryopteris amabilis. It is cylindrical or prismatic, slightly larger at the upper end, 10-20 cm long, 5-6 cm in diameter, and brown or dark brown. Rhizome erect, stout, densely covered with hollow petiole residues and fibrous roots and scales. The petiole residue is oblate and cylindrical, covered with dark brown scales, with small protuberances and rough abscission, hard texture, hollow shape in the center of cross section, thin skin, and more than ten punctate vascular bundles arranged in rows

Chinese PinYin : Guan Zhong