aloe

aloe

(Kaibao materia medica)

[synonyms] Lu Hui (theory of medicinal properties), nehui (collection of Materia Medica), Xiangdan and nuhui (Kaibao materia medica), Lao Wei (preparation of raw herbs).

[source] it is a concentrated and dried product from the leaves of aloe vera, aloe vera or aloe vera.

[plant morphology] 1

Perennial herbs. The stem is very short. Leaves clustered on the top of stem, erect or nearly erect, thick and juicy; narrowly lanceolate, 15-36 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, apex long acuminate, base broad, pink green, edge with spiny teeth. Anthers 2-60 cm long; stamens 2-9 cm long; stamens 2-5 cm long, staminate or 2-9 cm long; perianth solitary, staminate. Capsule triangular, loculicidal. The flowering period is from February to March.

Native to northern Africa, it is widely cultivated in the West Indies of South America; it is also cultivated in China.

The leaves of this plant (Aloe vera L.) are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

② Cape of good hope Aloe

The stem is erect, 3-6 meters high, with 30-50 leaves clustered at the top of the stem; the leaves are lanceolate, 60-80 cm long and 12 cm wide, spiny, dark green to blue-green, covered with white powder. Panicle about 60 cm long; pedicel about 3 cm long; perianth 6, tubular, base united, upper part separated, slightly rolled out, light red to yellow green, with green stripes; stamen 6, anther and style exposed. Capsule.

It is distributed in southern Africa.

③ Aloe vera, please refer to "aloe leaf" for details.

[collection] all year round. Cut the leaves, collect the juice, boil it into thick paste, pour it into the container, cool and solidify.

Old aloe vera L

Also known as: liver color aloe. It is concentrated from Aloe Vera. The commodity is irregular block, often broken into polygon, different sizes. Dark reddish brown or coffee brown, the defective product is brown black. It doesn't melt when heated. It is light and hard, not easy to break. The section is flat, waxy and lusterless. It has an unpleasant smell and is extremely bitter. It is better to have strong smell and no impurity or sediment in water.

It is grown in Curacao, Aruba, boner and other small islands near the north coast of South America.

② New Aloe

Also known as: transparent aloe. It is concentrated from the juice of Aloe Vera. The product is brown black and green. It is light, crisp and easy to break. The section is smooth and glassy. When heated, it is easy to melt into liquid. The rest are the same as old aloe.

Produced in southern Africa, mostly cultivated. Generally speaking, the quality of Aloe Vera is worse than that of old aloe vera.

In the south of China, Aloe Vera is made from the juice of aloe vera leaf.

[chemical composition] the fresh juice of the leaves contains aloe emodin, p-coumaric acid, a small amount of α - glucose, a glutaraldehyde sugar, protein and many crystals of calcium oxalate.

Aloe emodin and isoaloe emodin were found in the fresh juice of aloe leaves.

(1) purgative effect

All kinds of aloe plants contain anthraquinone derivatives, especially aloe emodin glycosides; these anthraquinone glycosides need to release emodin in the intestinal tube in order to play the role of irritant diarrhea. Among all rhubarb laxatives, aloe has the strongest irritant effect. Its effect is accompanied by significant abdominal pain and pelvic congestion. In severe cases, it can cause nephritis. Due to the different contents of active ingredients in Aloe Vera, it is suggested that aloe emodin should be used as a laxative instead of Aloe Vera. The results showed that Aloe could induce diarrhea in dogs (2-5g) and cats (0.2-1.0g), but it had no effect on promoting peristalsis of small intestine in vitro, and the main site of diarrhea was large intestine. The diarrhea effect of Aloe Vera suspension (400 mg / ml) produced in Yunnan Province of China was similar to that of Aloe Vera. In addition, aloe extract can increase the secretion of intestinal juice and increase the activity of lipase, sometimes increase the activity of dipeptidase in dogs with appropriate dose of aloe extract.

② Treatment of trauma

Aloe water extract (10% solution) has been used in rabbits with artificial conjunctival edema, which can shorten the healing days, and can also slightly promote the healing of the injured rat back. In recent years, aloe vera leaf juice has been used as a gel preparation containing polysaccharides for skin or other tissue injuries and burns, and some people even think it might be used against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The toxicity of aloe gel was proved by tissue culture. Aloe extract as ointment has mild protective effect on local X-ray irradiation in mice.

③ Anticancer effect

Aloe extract 1:500 alcohol extract can inhibit the growth of sarcoma-180 and Ehrlich ascites cancer in vivo. An almost pure substance isolated from the extract has higher anticancer effect, and its median lethal dose in mice is 5 g / kg.

④ Other functions

Aloe extract 1:500 had inhibitory effect on isolated toad heart, and its white powder 1:100 solution also had inhibitory effect. The results showed that the aqueous solution of aloe extract could resist the toxicity of chloral hydrate to isolated toad heart; the lower limb blood vessel was perfused with 1:200 for contraction and 1:1000 for mild expansion; it had antidiuretic effect in toad, but the rabbit was injected with 1% aqueous extract 1 ml / kg intravenously, which had no effect on urine volume. After 30 minutes, the number of red blood cells increased slightly and the number of white blood cells mainly eosinophils increased significantly. It can shorten the clotting time. 15 ml aloe extract was given to dogs with artificial gastric fistula every day. After 20 days, the secretion of gastric juice increased slightly, but it stopped and returned to normal after a few days. The extract has some excitatory effects on adrenal cortex and can reduce the content of vitamin C in adrenal gland of rats. Aloe Vera and its aqueous extract were widely used in tissue therapy in the Soviet Union. Aloe water extract (1:2) had different degrees of inhibition on dermatophytes such as Epidermophyton inguinalis, Epidermophyton rubrum and Nocardia stellata in vitro. The alcohol extract also had some inhibitory effect on human Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro (1:3000-300).

[processing] remove impurities and cut them into small pieces.

Bitter, cold.

① Kaibao materia medica: "bitter, cold, non-toxic. "

② "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": "bitter, cold, little poison. "

③ "Materia medica re new": "sweet light, cold, non-toxic. "

[meridian tropism] into liver, heart and spleen meridians.

① "Jueyin classic" in the compendium. "

② "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering the heart and liver meridians. "

③ In the book of Materia Medica, it is said that "entering the foot Jueyin and Taiyin meridians, and starting with Shaoyin meridians. "

④ According to Fengyuan of Ben Jing, it goes into Jueyin liver meridian and chongmai. "

Functions and indications: clearing heat, defecating and killing insects. It is used to treat heat knot, constipation, amenorrhea, infantile convulsion and epilepsy, chancre fever and vermilion, tinea, hemorrhoids and fistula, atrophic rhinitis and scrofula.

① "On medicinal properties": kill infantile malnutrition. Main blow nose kill brain chancre, in addition to nasal itching. "

② "Haiyao Materia Medica": "it governs infantile malnutrition. "

③ "Kaibao Materia Medica": "it is mainly used for hot wind and depression, heat between chest and diaphragm, eyesight and heart calming, infantile epilepsy and convulsion, treatment of five malnutrition, killing three worms and hemorrhoids fistula. Detoxify Croton. "

④ In the book of Materia Medica, it can be used to treat itching, itching and hiding teeth. "

⑤ "Depai Materia Medica": "dispersing scrofula, treating convulsion and epilepsy, promoting diuresis and removing swelling. "

⑥ "Bencao Zaixin": "it can cure liver fire, calm liver wind, clear heart heat, relieve heart trouble, quench thirst and generate fluid, improve hearing and eyesight, eliminate dental swelling and relieve fire poison. "

⑦ "Modern practical Chinese medicine" says: "it has the effect of strengthening the stomach and dredging the meridians. "

[usage and dosage] take orally: take pills and powder, 0.5 ~ 1.5 yuan. External use: grind and apply.

[should avoid] pregnant women should not take it.

According to the book of Materia Medica, it is forbidden for diarrhea due to deficiency of spleen and stomach and those who do not want to eat. "

[prescription selection] ① the treatment of defecation: seven yuan for aloe vera and five yuan for cinnabar. Drop good wine and pills, every three money, wine swallow. (Ben Cao Jing Shu)

② Treatment of children with acute convulsion: aloe, Danxing, geranium, realgar each one money. Total for the end, licorice soup and pills, such as billiard big. In case of this syndrome, take one pill with wick soup. (Essentials of Materia Medica)

③ Five kinds of epilepsy for adults and children: Aloe three money, raw Pinellia one or two (chopped, stir fried with ginger juice), Atractylodes macrocephala one or two (stir fried with wine), licorice five money (stir fried). A total of fine powder, water pan for the ball, such as millet big. Five cents for each serving, ginger soup. (Essentials of Materia Medica)

④ Treatment of Infantile Spleen chancre: aloe, a gentleman. Each of the above is divided into two parts. Rice drinks make one or two money. (Confucianist family affairs)

⑤ Treatment of five kinds of swelling: aloe, toad venom each three money (wine, soak a day, steaming such as cream). Take raw Pinellia ternata as the last two liang, Ba Shuang as the third, and pills as big as millet. Take ten pills each time, and swallow the ginger soup sooner or later. Avoid salt and sugar for a hundred days. (Essentials of Materia Medica)

Hemorrhoids, fistula, pain and blood dripping: Aloe Vera, Baijiu, and borneol, two or three. (Essentials of Materia Medica)

⑦ Treatment hidden teeth: Aloe four, pestle powder, first with salt wipe teeth to make clean, and then apply less powder on. (collected prescriptions on the sea)

⑧ Wet ringworm. With aloe one or two, fried licorice half two, a total of research for the end, first to warm pulp, wash ringworm, dry after the application of medicine powder, has a miraculous effect.

⑨ Infantile Spleen chancre. With aloe vera, the gentleman, divided into the end, each serving one or two money, rice soup sent down.

⑩ Worm teeth. Apply with aloe powder.

[clinical application] treatment of smelly nose (atrophic rhinitis)

First, 2% dicaine soaked cotton piece was attached to the injection site for 5-10 minutes, and then 20% Aloe extract was injected into the mucosa at the front end of the inferior turbinate on both sides. The depth of the injection was measured by the appearance of pale edema on the mucosa of the injection site. Each side was injected with 2 ml of drug solution, and then the injection site was gently pressed with cotton ball to remove the edema

Chinese PinYin : Lu Hui