Trigonella foenum

Fenugreek (Jiayou materia medica)

[synonym] Huluba (Hou Ningji's "medicine spectrum"), kudou (yinshanzheng), Luba (primordial materia medica), Huba (seeking truth from materia medica), Jidou (northeast medicine Zhi Zhi), xiaomuxia and xiangdouzi (Xinjiang Chinese herbal medicine manual).

[source] seeds of fenugreek, a leguminous plant.

[plant morphology] fenugreek, also known as Yuncao (Sheng Jing Tong Zhi), is composed of vanilla, Vallisneria, kuduo CAI and Medicago sativa.

Annual herb, 40-50 cm high. Stems tufted, several smooth or sparsely pilose. Leaflets ovate, longovate or broadly lanceolate, 1.2-3 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide, serrate near apex, sparsely pilose on both sides, petiole 1-2 mm long and total petiole 6-12 mm long; stipules connate with petiole, narrowly ovate, apex acute. Flowers sessile, 1-2 axillary: calyx tubular, calyx teeth 5, lanceolate, shorter than corolla - half, outer pubescent; corolla butterfly shaped, initially white, later gradually yellowish, base slightly purple halo, flag petal oblong, apex notched, base pointed cuneate, keel partial spoon shaped, only 1 / 3 of flag petal long, wing petal auricular, stamen 10, 2-body; ovary sessile, stigma terminal. Pods slender cylindrical, 6-11 cm long, about 0.5 cm wide, pilose, with reticulate veins, apex long pointed. Seeds brown, ca. 4 mm. The flowering period is from April to June. The fruit period is from July to August.

It is cultivated in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang.

[collection] in autumn, after the seeds are mature, the whole grass is harvested, the seeds are laid, the impurities are removed and dried in the sun.

[medicinal material] the seeds are slightly oblique square or rectangular, 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide and 2 mm thick. The surface is yellowish brown to reddish brown, smooth. There is a deep oblique groove on both sides, and the hilum and micropyle can be seen at the junction of the two oblique grooves. It is hard and not easy to break. The seed coat is thin, and a circle of endosperm can be seen in the longitudinal section. After soaking with water, the endosperm is mucinous, the cotyledons are slightly asymmetric, light yellow, and the radicle is curved, hypertrophy and long. In the cross section, the area of endosperm is large, with 2 cotyledons, oblong in shape and a round radicle at one end. It has a special aroma when it is crushed. It tastes light and slightly bitter. It is better to be large, full and free of impurities. It is mainly produced in Henan, Anhui, Sichuan and other places; it is also produced in Yunnan, Shaanxi and Northeast China.

[chemical constituents] the seeds contain gentianine, papain, choline, trigonelline and other alkaloids. The main saponins are diosgenin, yam saponin, a small amount of sapogenin and trace tigogenin. Vitexin, vitexin-7-glucoside, arabinoside of orientin or isoorientin, glucorhamnoside of flavone, quercetin and luteolin were isolated.

The general composition of seed is as follows: moisture 10.30%, ash 3.15%, fat 7.61%, total protein 16.97%, total sugar 3.68%, cellulose 6.4%, hemicellulose 11.98%. The contents of solid fatty acids, volatile fatty acids, unsaponifiable components, lecithin and phytosterol were 92.9%, 1.5%, 0.9%, 6.25% and 0.5%, respectively. The main fatty acids are linoleic acid and palmitic acid, and a small amount of oleic acid and linolenic acid. 55% of the protein was nucleoprotein. The total sugar is mainly galactose and mannan, and also contains vitamin b1-320 μ g%.

Folic acid contains about 43 mg%. The whole grass is also rich in calcium, iron and carotene.

[pharmacological action] trigonelline is generally considered to have no pharmacological action; however, it has been reported that it can reduce the time value of nerve in neuromuscular specimens, and decrease and then increase the time value of muscle. The oil of seeds contains prolactin, which does not contain iodine, nitrogen and sulfur, and does not have any sex hormone like effect. The oil removed seeds contain 50% of indigestible mucilage, so they have some diarrhea effects. The seeds also had a slight repellent effect on intestinal nematodes.

[processing] fenugreek: remove impurities, wash with water and dry in the sun. Stir fry fenugreek with salt: Sprinkle fenugreek with salt water and mix well. Stir fry until it sounds and turns yellow. Take out and let cool. (100kg of fenugreek, 2.5kg of salt, water)

"Gangmu": "fenugreek, where the drug Amoy net, to soak in wine overnight, dried, steamed, fried into used. "

Bitter and warm.

① "Pearl bag": bitter. "

② "Yinshan Zhengzheng": it tastes bitter, warm and nontoxic. "

③ Yucatalpa medicinal solution: "bitter and pungent taste, high temperature. "

[Guijing] into the kidney and liver meridian.

① "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering the kidney and bladder channels. "

② "Yuluoyaojie" says: "entering Foot Yangming stomach and foot Shaoyin kidney meridian. "

③ "Re innovation of Materia Medica": entering the heart and kidney meridians. "

④ "Into the liver, kidney two classics. "

Functions and indications: tonifying kidney yang and dispelling cold and dampness. Treatment of cold hernia, abdominal fullness, cold dampness, beriberi, kidney deficiency, waist acid, impotence.

① Jiadiao materia medica: "the main element is the deficiency of internal organs and air conditioning. Get aconite and sulfur, treat kidney deficiency and cold, abdominal and hypochondriac fullness, dark complexion; get tiaoxiangzi and Taoren, treat bladder Qi. "

② "Compendium": "treat cold air hernia, cold and damp beriberi; benefit right kidney, warm Dantian. "

③ Pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine: "in order to nourish and strengthen essence, Ziyin flaccidity, spermatorrhea and premature ejaculation are used. "

④ Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine annals: "treat cold diarrhea. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 yuan; or into pills, powder.

[should avoid] those with Yin deficiency and excessive fire should not take it.

① "Pin Hui Jing Yao": "pregnant women should not take it. "

② According to Bencao Huiyan, "if the kidney has stagnant fire and internal heat, it should be considered. "

③ "Materia Medica from the new": "phase fire flourishing, yin and blood deficiency less ban. "

[formula selection] ① for bladder Qi: fenugreek, fennel and peach kernel (stir fried with bran). Half to wine paste pills, half for powder. Take 50 or 70 pills each time. Take salt and wine before eating. Take hot rice to drink. Alternate with pills. Take one or two pills each day. (Ben Cao Yan Yi)

② Treatment of small intestine Qi attack acupuncture: fenugreek (fried) one or two. For the end, each serving two money, fennel fried purple, with hot wine Wo, cover set, take the wine to adjust. (renzhaizhizhifang, hulubasan)

③ For adults and children with small bowel Qi, flat bowel Qi, galloping dolphin Qi, hernia, falling Yin swelling, lower abdomen visible as an egg, up and down to the pain unbearable, or twisted around the navel to attack, nausea, evil, stuffy disorder, and all treatment: fenugreek (fried) 1 jin, Evodia rutaecarpa (soup washing 10 times, fried) 12 Liang, toosendan (fried) 1 jin, 22 Liang, Euphorbia (heart removed, fried), Chuanwu (gun, peeled, navel) 6 Liang each, fennel (soil removed) Twelve Liang. It is fine, and the batter is a pill, such as Wutong. Take 15 pills each time and swallow them with hollow warm wine; take 5 pills for children and fennel soup. (Huluba pill in the local recipe)

④ Treatment of kidney deficiency and cold, abdominal fullness: fenugreek 22, aconite (crack, peel, navel), sulfur (Research) each three. The three flavors are the ramming and the boiling of the batter pill, such as Wutong. Take 20 to 30 pills each time, add salt and soup. (Huluba pill in Shengji Zonglu)

⑤ Cure all cold and damp beriberi, leg and knee pain, walking weakness: gourd four Liang (soaking for a night), ragged paper four Liang (fried incense). For the fine, use a large papaya, cut top to remove, fill the medicine, and fill the top with full degree. Use the bamboo mark to sign, steam it out, rot it, use the front part to fill the medicine, search for the pill, such as Wutong. Each take 50 pills, warm wine sent down, before hollow food. (Huluba pill in Yang's family collection)

⑥ Cure Qi attack headache: cucurbit (fried), Sparganium (wine dip, baked) each half two, dried ginger (gun) two and a half money. The upper part is fine. Each take two money, warm ginger soup or warm wine, regardless of the time. (jishengfang hulubasan)

[clinical application] it is used to prevent mountain sickness

The leaves of Sophora alopecuroides are dried in the sun and powdered. Honey is made into pills. Each pill contains about 2 grams of crude medicine. One preventive use, 2 pills per person, boiled water; 62 people were observed, 21 people had no reaction after taking medicine, 41 people still had reaction. The total effective rate of 108 patients was 28.4%. 15 patients developed nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other side effects after taking the medicine, but all of them were mild, and disappeared after taking it after meal or stopping taking it for one meal. This product can obviously improve one or two symptoms, such as sleep condition. 68.5% of the patients improved after taking the medicine. It is inferred that Sophora alopecuroides has certain inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. There was no significant change in pulse and respiration.

[famous scholar's exposition] 1. In the Compendium: "Trigonella, the right kidney's vital drug, is suitable for those who can't return to the Yuan Dynasty due to insufficient Yuan Yang and latent air conditioning. According to Zhang Zi and the book of Confucian affairs, some people who are ill and can't see them, think about eating bitter beans, namely fenugreek, which is not lacking frequently. They have slight pain in their eyes when they are not one year old, just like insects walking into the canthus and gradually getting better. According to this, it is also because of its function of benefiting the life gate. The so-called source of benefiting fire is to eliminate the shadow. "

② "Seeking truth from Materia Medica": "Huluba, bitter and warm, pure Yang, can also enter the kidney and nourish the gate of life. It is similar to Rhizoma curculiariae, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and Radix sulfur, but its power is inferior to that of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and Radix sulfur. Therefore, it is necessary to add Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Radix sulfur, Fructus anise and Fructus evodiae together for fire tonifying. "

③ Ben Cao Zheng Yi: "fenugreek is a kind of medicine to warm and nourish the lower Jiao and relieve the cold Qi. Later generations treat hernia and beriberi, which must be due to the decline of true Yang and stagnation of cold Qi. It is taboo to carry warm evil. "

Store in a dry place.

Chinese PinYin : Hu Lu Ba