Lentils

Lentils

(bielu)

[synonyms] suodou (Tang materia medica), nanbiandou (Diannan materia medica), yanlidou, emeidou (compendium), liangyandou (Bencao Chengya Banji), yangyandou (medicinal chemical meaning), Zhangpi Dou (Guangzhou flora), chadou (Jiangsu flora), Nandou (Luchuan materia medica), xiaodaodou, Shudou (Sichuan flora of traditional Chinese Medicine), tengdou (Chinese medicinal plant Atlas) )。

[source] the white seeds of lentil, a leguminous plant.

[plant morphology] lentil

Annual twining grass vines, up to 6 m long. Leaflets broadly ovate, 5-9 cm long, 6-10 cm wide, apex pointed, base broadly cuneate or truncate, entire, both sides sparsely hairy, lateral leaflets larger, obliquely ovate; petiole 4-12 cm long; stipules small, lanceolate. Raceme axillary, usually 2-4 flowers gathered on the node of inflorescence axis; bracteoles 2, caducous; calyx campanulate, calyx teeth 5, margin densely white pilose; corolla butterfly shaped, white or lavender, flag petal ovate elliptic, base with 2 appendages on both sides, and decurrent into 2 ears, wing petals obliquely elliptic, keel petal boat shaped; stamens 10, 2 bundles; ovary linear, pilose, base with glands, Stigma capitate, sparsely short white hairs. Pods oblong, flat, slightly curved, 5-8 cm long, apex with curved beak. Seeds 2-5, oblong oblate, white, black or reddish brown. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruiting period is September.

They are all cultivated products. Distribution in East China and Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

The root, rattan, leaf, seed coat and flower of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] before and after the beginning of winter, the mature pods were picked, dried in the sun, and the seeds were made, and then dried completely.

[medicinal material] the dried seeds are oblate or oblate ovoid, 8-12 mm long, 6-9 mm wide and 4-7 mm thick. The surface is yellowish white, smooth and glossy. On one side, there is a half moon shaped white protuberant caruncle, which accounts for about 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the circumference. After peeling off, a sunken hilum can be seen. There is a micropyle at one end of the caruncle and a short ridge at the other end. The seed coat is thin and brittle with 2 cotyledons, thick, yellowish white and horny. Chew it with beany smell. It is better to be full and white.

It is mainly produced in Hunan, Anhui, Henan and other places.

The seeds of lentils are white, black, reddish brown and so on. White lentils are mainly used as medicine; black lentils are called "quedou" in ancient times, not for medicine; reddish brown lentils are called "hongxuedou" in Guangxi folk, which are used as liver clearing, anti-inflammatory drugs, and eye Yimo.

[chemical composition] the seed contains 23.7 G protein, 1.8 g fat, 57 g carbohydrates, 46 mg calcium, 52 mg phosphorus, 1 mg iron, 247 mg calcium and magnesium phytate, 1232 mg pantothenic acid and 2.44 mg zinc per 100 g seed.

The seed contains trypsin inhibitor, amylase inhibitor, hemagglutinin A and B. In addition, it also contains the components which have inhibitory effect on mouse Columbia SK virus, such as stigmasterol, phospholipid (mainly phosphatidylethanolamine), sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, glucose, galactose, fructose, starch, cyanoside, tyrosinase, etc.

Pods contain piperidic acid-2.

[pharmacological action] lentil contains a non-specific lectin for human red blood cells (see kidney bean). It has some globulin properties and has no agglutination for bovine and sheep red blood cells. There are two kinds of plant lectins in lentils. Lectin A is insoluble in water and has no antitrypsin activity. If it is mixed with food and fed to rats, it can inhibit their growth and even cause regional necrosis of the liver. After heating, the toxic effect is greatly weakened, so lectin A is part of the toxic components in crude lentil powder. Lectin B is soluble in water and has the activity of trypsin. Its molecular weight was 23688 and its inhibition to trypsin was noncompetitive. At 15-18 ℃ (ph3-10), it can keep active for more than 30 days. After autoclaved disinfection or boiling for 1 hour, the activity of the cells lost 94-86%. This trypsin inhibitor can not be decomposed by general protease in vitro and is not easy to digest in vivo. At the concentration of 1 mg / 0.1 ml, due to the inhibition of thrombin, the coagulation time of citrate plasma can be prolonged from 20 seconds to 60 seconds.

Indian lentils can reduce blood glucose and serum cholesterol in rats.

[processing] raw lentils: remove the impurities, put them in boiling water and cook until the seed coat is puffed up and soft, then take them out, immerse them in cold water, peel them off and dry them in the sun. Stir fried lentils: remove the lentils, stir fry them in a pan until yellow, slightly scorched. Take out and let cool.

Sweet and smooth.

① Bielu: "sweet taste, mild temperature. "

② "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "slightly cold. "

③ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "it is flat and non-toxic. "

[channel tropism] entering spleen and stomach channels.

① In the compendium, it is said that "entering Taiyin Qi points.". "

② According to the book of Materia Medica, it can be divided into three parts: Qi of Taiyin and Yangming meridians. "

Functions and indications: Invigorating the spleen and harmonizing the middle, eliminating heat and removing dampness. Treatment of heat dampness vomiting and diarrhea, spleen deficiency vomiting, food less long discharge, water stop thirst, red leucorrhea, infantile malnutrition.

① Bielu: "master and moderate and inferior Qi. "

② "Theory of medicinal properties": "it mainly resolves all plant poisons, chews raw and takes fried soup. "

③ Meng Shen: "the treatment of cholera is not only beneficial, but also beneficial. "

④ Rihuazi materia medica: "tonifying the five zang organs. "

⑤ "The book of Materia Medica" says: "it's a good way for women to take the lead. It can also kill alcohol and tetrodotoxin. "

⑥ "Diannan Materia Medica": "it is used to treat weakness of spleen and stomach, nausea, cold vomiting, persistent diarrhea, food accumulation and infantile malnutrition. "

⑦ "The essence of pinhui" is "relieving the heat and harmonizing the heat". "

⑧ "Compendium": "stop diarrhea, relieve summer heat, warm the spleen and stomach, remove dampness and heat, stop thirst. "

⑨ "Meeting about medical mirror": "raw with Qingshu Yangwei, fried with Jianpi Zhixie. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 3-6 yuan; or into pills, powder.

[taboo] 1. Tao Hongjing: "people suffering from cold and heat should not eat. "

② "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "people suffering from air conditioning should not eat. "

③ According to the diet chart of suixiju, it is forbidden for people suffering from malaria. "

[prescription selection] 1. For the treatment of spleen and stomach weakness, the diet does not cause vomiting and diarrhea: one and a half catties of white lentils (soaked in ginger juice, peeled, delicate), two catties of ginseng (peeled), white Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, licorice (fried), yam, lotus seed (peeled), Platycodon grandiflorum (fried in dark yellow), coix seed and Amomum villosum. On the end of the fine, each serving two money, jujube soup tune down, the amount of children age plus or minus service. (Shen Ling Bai Zhu San in Ju Fang)

② For cholera, one liter of lentils and one liter of Elsholtzia. Take two liters out of six liters of water and serve separately. You can use it alone. (Qian Jin Fang)

③ Drinking water for diabetes: soak the white lentils and peel them. Take the powder of trichosanthin juice, honey and pill. Wuzi is big and gold foil is the coat. Take 20 or 30 pills each time, and take it twice a day. Don't cook wine. Take kidney nourishing medicine for the first time. (Ren Cun Tang experience prescription)

④ Treatment of edema: three liters of lentils, fried yellow, ground into powder. Every morning, afternoon and evening before each meal, adults with three money, children with one money, Dengxin soup. (Ben Cao Hui Yan)

⑤ Rule red leucorrhea: stir fried white lentils for the end, drink with rice, 2 yuan per serving. (Yonglei qianfang)

⑥ Treatment of arsenic poison: white lentils raw research, water Jiaozhi drink. (Yonglei qianfang)

⑦ Treatment of malignant sores with itchy scab: tamping lentils to seal, scab falling is bad. (behind the elbow)

[famous expert's discussion] 1. In the differentiation of medicinal properties: "lentils are used to clear away heat, so they can harmonize the heat and stop cholera; they can extremely invigorate the spleen, so they can treat dysentery and purulent blood, eliminate dampness and heat. "

⑦ Compendium: "the hard shelled white lentils have plump, white and yellowish seeds. Their smell is fishy and fragrant. Their nature is warm and flat. They can be neutralized. They are also the valley of the spleen. Entering Taiyin Qi points, Tongli Sanjiao, can remove clear and turbid, so it is specialized in treating diseases of the middle palace, relieving heat, removing dampness and detoxifying. Its soft shell and black magpie color, its nature slightly cool, but can be used for food, but also regulate the spleen and stomach. "

⑧ "The classic of materia medica:" Hong Jingyun, lentils suffering from cold and heat are not edible. Cover refers to typhoid cold and heat, external evil is blazing, can not use this tonic thing ear. If the spleen and stomach deficiency and food fatigue, cold and heat, do not avoid. "

④ "Medicine Huayi" says: "lentils are sweet but not sweet in taste, fresh and fragrant but not fleeing, mild in nature and yellowish in color, which is most suitable for spleen. It is mainly used to treat cholera, vomiting, bowel sounds, diarrhea, summer heat in summer and stomach injury caused by wine poison. It is a kind of Yiqi Jiajing in Hezhong. Take its color white, smell clear and, with clear lung qi. Therefore, clearing the clouds can nourish the lung, and clearing the lung can smooth the Qi. It is good at treating redness of intestines, diarrhea for a long time, clearing Qi and sinking, which is also the method of reinforcing the internal organs due to the deficiency of Fu organs. "

⑤ New edition of materia medica: "white lentils are light in taste and thin in Qi. If they are used alone, they must be used together with Qi tonifying drugs. Why is it often used in the previous tocolysis drugs? Because of the restlessness of Qi, white lentils are the best in harmony, so it can be used to harmonize the fetal Qi and ear, and the fetus can be tranquilized because of harmony. I've never seen one who can calm down a sudden move with this flavor“

⑥ "Seeking truth from Materia Medica": "how can lentils nourish the spleen? It is sweet to cover the spleen. Lentils taste sweet, so it can be beneficial to the spleen; the spleen can be fragrant and comfortable, lentils can be fragrant, so it can be comfortable in the spleen; the spleen is bitter and wet, but likes dryness; lentils can be warm, so it can be dry in the spleen. If the spleen and soil are solid, the water channel will flow freely and the triple energizers will not mix up. However, the evil of Taiyin and summer dampness will disappear from Erke, and anergy will be stored in the spleen, and there will be thirst and diarrhea. However, we should not be unaware of the stagnation of food. "

Chinese PinYin : Bian Dou