leading bibliographic scholar who founded several libraries

leading bibliographic scholar who founded several libraries

Miao Quansun (1844.9.20-1919.12.22), who was named Yanzhi and Xiaoshan, was an old man named Yifeng. He was born in Miaojia village, Shengang Town, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. Modern Chinese book collectors, emendators, educators, cataloguers, historians, local chroniclers, and Jinshi. In the field of culture, education, science and technology, he was honored as the originator of modern Chinese library.

During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, Jinshi was a scholar. Miao Quansun inherited his family education when he was young, and completed five classics at the age of 11. At the age of 17, the Taiping Army entered Jiangyin, served his stepmother to avoid Huai'an, and studied philology, exegesis and phonology in Lizheng Academy. At the age of 21, his family moved to Chengdu. He studied the history of writing and studied the writing. At the age of 24, he should take the Sichuan provincial examination. In 1876, at the age of 33, he was a Jinshi in the imperial examination and was awarded the title of editor of the Imperial Academy. Since then, it has been compiled and collated for more than ten years.

Memory of later generations

On the afternoon of December 22, 2019, the academic seminar commemorating the 100th anniversary of Miao Quansun's death and the unveiling ceremony of the bronze statue of Miao Quansun were solemnly held in Beijing National Library. This activity is jointly sponsored by the National Library of China, the Publicity Department of Jiangyin municipal Party committee and Jiangyin Port Economic Development Zone. Rao Quan, director and Zhang Zhiqing, deputy director of the National Library of China; Ji Jun, member of the Standing Committee of Jiangyin municipal Party committee and director of the Management Committee of Lingang Development Zone; Cheng Zheng, member of the Standing Committee of Jiangyin municipal Party committee and director of the publicity department; Zhang Shaofeng, vice mayor of Jiangyin City; and representatives of experts and scholars from all over the country, as well as representatives of Miao Quansun's descendants, attended the commemorative activities.

The library in Shengang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, the hometown of Mr. Miao Quansun, is named after Mr. Miao, and there is a exhibition room for his life.

Life

General introduction

Miao Quansun was appointed head of Nanjing Academy in 1888. In 1891, Zhang Luoyuan Academy. In 1894, he was the head of Zhongshan Academy in Nanjing, and also in charge of Longcheng Academy in Changzhou. In 1901, he was the editor in chief of jiangchu compilation Bureau. In 1902, Zhongshan Academy was transformed into Jiangnan College of higher learning, under the supervision of the school. After the implementation of guimao's new educational system, the ancient Jiangning government school was abandoned, and Liangjiang governor's office planned to set up a normal school in Jiangning first to serve as the overall program of academic affairs. In May 1902, he took the post of chief inspector of the school, and was responsible for preparing for the construction of Sanjiang normal school, the highest school in the south of the Yangtze River Later, it was renamed Liangjiang Normal University and rebuilt Nanjing Normal University, which was the beginning of modern history of Nanjing University. In 1907, he was appointed as the general manager of Jiangnan Library (now Nanjing Library). In 1909, he was employed to establish the Beijing Capital Library (now the National Library of China), and he was the supervisor. In 1914, he was the chief editor of Qing history. He died in Shanghai on December 22, 1919.

His works include Yifengtang collection, Yifengtang inscriptions, Yifengtang anthology, etc.

Life experience

Miao Quansun was born into an official family. He was born smart and learned from his family when he was young

After reading the five Confucian classics. In September 1860, the Taiping army occupied Jiangyin. His stepmother crossed the river and lived in Huai'an. He studied at Lizheng academy and studied philology, exegesis and phonology from Dean Ding Jianqing. Later, his family moved to Chengdu. At the age of 21, he studied literature and history from Yanghu, Tang Yancheng. In the first year of tongzhi (1867) of the Qing Dynasty, he was elected in the Sichuan provincial examination. Because he was not from Sichuan, he was not named. Later, Wu Tang, governor of Sichuan Province, and Yao Yanshi's aides of Eastern Sichuan Province, traveled all over Northeast Sichuan and searched for stone carvings. Zhang Zhidong was appointed as the academic administrator of Sichuan Province. He was once under the leadership of Zhi and wrote four volumes of bibliographic questions and answers.

Xu Bingzi (1876) was a Jinshi in the Imperial Academy. He was the editor of the Imperial Academy and the chief editor of the Qing History Museum. He was also the lecturer of Nanjing, Luoyuan, Longcheng, Zhongshan and other academies. He founded Jiangnan library and the capital library. He has a wide range of knowledge, wide communication and rich works, especially in the study of inscriptions, editions and catalogues. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, he was as famous as Wang Renqiu, Zhang Jizhi and Zhao Erxun.

Miao Quansun was appointed chief editor of the National Academy of history when the Qing government opened the museum to compile history. Due to the death of his parents, Miao Quansun took leave to go home for burial for two times. Later, because he didn't cooperate with Xu Tong, he resigned as a historian. Zhang Zhidong called him to Wuhan to compile Hubei Tongzhi, and he was employed as the head of Zhongshan Academy in Nanjing. He made great achievements in rescuing ancient books.

The Allied forces of the eight countries invaded China, ceded land for compensation, and occupied China. They were called by Zhang Zhidong to Wuhan to discuss the current situation. In order to carry out westernization and reform education, they personally went to Japan for investigation. After returning to China, he personally participated in the negotiation of courses, compiling textbooks, and paying attention to both Chinese and Western learning, thus cultivating a large number of talents. In 1908, Zhang Zhidong was in charge of the academic department. He asked Miao Quansun to be the director of the capital library. The Qing emperor called him to Beijing to establish the capital library.

After returning from his study in Japan, he established two major libraries in China, Jiangnan Library (now Nanjing Library) and Beijing Library (now Beijing Library). Later, due to the need of founding Jiangnan library, he rushed among the book collectors in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, rescued a number of rare books that were about to flow into Japan, thus saving tens of thousands of books with important literature value and artistic value, making Jiangnan library the first in the country. At that time, there were Qu's family in Changshu, Lu's family in Gui'an and Ding's family in Qiantang, which were known as the three great books collectors in Jiangnan. After Lu Xinyuan's book collection was bought by Japan, the Chinese people deplored it. And Ding's collection of books also declined. Fearing that Ding's collection would repeat Lu Xinyuan's, he paid 70000 yuan for "rare book library" and "8000 volume building" to supplement Jiangnan library. In 1910, he was transferred to Beijing as the supervisor of the capital library. Taking Guanghua temple in Jishuitan, north of the city, as the library, he personally cleaned up the books in the secret Pavilion and sorted out the rare books in the cabinet Treasury. In the cabinet Treasury, he found the old books of the yuan and Ming Dynasties and the ancient books collected in the Southern Song Dynasty. He compiled and engraved the book liuzhenpu of the song and Yuan Dynasties, and recorded them in the inscriptions, tablets, prefaces and postscripts. It has been compiled into 8 volumes of rare books bibliography of Beijing Library and 4 volumes of provincial chronicles bibliography. At the same time, he bought many ancient books and compiled and engraved the catalogue of the capital's collection. It has made great contributions to the construction of modern public library and national library.

After 1912, he immigrated to Shanghai and continued to engage in bibliography research. He successively wrote the book collection of Yifengtang, the rare book catalogue of the library of the Ministry of Qing Dynasty, the local chronicles of the library of the Ministry of Qing Dynasty, the inscriptions of gold and stone of Yifengtang, and the chronology of famous officials of the northern and Southern Dynasties. He has a very rich private collection of books. He has purchased and collected more than 600 rare books and more than 100000 volumes. The collection office is called "Yifengtang", "lianzhulou", "duyulou", "yunzikan", etc. His works include "the origin of Yifengtang collection", "Yifengtang collection", "sequel", "sequel" and so on. There are more than 11000 kinds of gold and stone collections and 18800 kinds of books. There are mainly dozens of book seals, such as "yunlunge", "yifengguoyan", "Yifengtang collection", "Xiaoshan's 30-year efforts", "qipinguan Guitian", "yunzizikan", "Jiangyin Miao Quansun collection office". There are 5 collections and 19 kinds of yunzizikan series, 5 volumes of duyulou series, 38 kinds of ouxianglingshi series and 12 kinds of yanhuadongtang sketches. After his death, his son, Miao Lubao, was sold to the circulation department of Shanghai ancient books because of the decline of his family. More than 10000 pieces of gold and stone rubbings were sold to Yanjing University.

After the outbreak of the revolution of 1911, Miao Quansun returned to the South and lived in Shanghai. He was specially appointed as the president of the Qing Dynasty. He drafted the general rules of the whole history and was responsible for the compilation of the seven biographies of scholars, Wenyuan, Xunli, Xiaoyou, hermit, Tusi and mingyichen. The county annals of Jiangyin were compiled by Miao himself. It took several years to complete the work. Soon after the completion of the work, he died in his residence in Shanghai. Therefore, the county annals of Jiangyin became a famous one after its publication. Su Wen's compilation and drawing of the book of Wuzhong sages

Based on his life, Miao Quansun's knowledge and artistic attainments are various, such as his works in history, local records, bibliography, textual research on gold and stone, appreciation of gold and stone, education, library science and so on; on the other hand, he also made extraordinary contributions to the art of calligraphy. He saved a lot of first-hand materials for later generations to study the prosperity of calligraphy in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and played a great role in the cause of modern Chinese calligraphy.

It can be said that all the scholars, calligraphers and Jinshi families who were born with and after Miao Quansun were directly or indirectly favored by him. This is because, on the one hand, Miao Quansun was knowledgeable and influenced by the new trend of thought. This was mainly because he collected 100000 volumes of books in his home and went to Japan to study education, which brought the latest foreign developments to the education in the early Republic of China. On the other hand, the thousands of rubbings and inscriptions collected by Miao Quansun were all famous works of the past dynasties, and they were compiled into volumes by himself, And willing to lend others to learn. Later, Liu Yizheng, Wu Changshuo, Hu Shi, Liu Haisu, Xu Beihong, Hu Xiaoshi, Lu Fengzi and others who came to Miao Quansun's house later. All of these students finally engaged in education and trained many students. By accident, they put Miao Quansun's academic thought, academic attitude, calligraphy art The tablet extension version was passed on to their students, which is more gratifying.

Calligraphy attainments

Miao Quansun is a scholar calligrapher with high attainments in calligraphy, gold and stone. Although his title at that time was obliterated by other achievements, it is not difficult to see from his works that his calligraphy pays more attention to the study of calligraphy, and the round, vigorous and beautiful calligraphy can be seen everywhere. And he is

Chinese PinYin : Miu Quan Sun