Jaru

Jaru

Jialu (1297-1353), named Youheng, was born in Gaoping (now Jincheng, Shanxi Province) of the Yuan Dynasty. He was a famous river defense minister and water conservancy scientist of the Yuan Dynasty.

When he was young, Jaru was smart, studious, ambitious, and resourceful. In 1343, Jialu was appointed as the official of the history Bureau of the Song Dynasty. He served as a Confucian professor in Dongping Road, head of the Ministry of household affairs, inspector of Zhongshu Province, and water supervisor of Xingdu. In 1351, Jia Lu was appointed Minister of the Ministry of industry and commander-in-chief of river defense. Jia Lu personally led people to build the Yellow River, led many times to harness the Yellow River, and saved the people from the flood.

brief account of the author's life

Jia Lu, you Heng. Gaoping, a native of Hedong (now Shanxi), was a famous Minister of river defense in Yuan Dynasty, and also an effective water conservancy expert in harnessing the Yellow River. At the age of 28, he was a professor of Confucianism in Dongping road. He was also elected Prime Minister Dong Cao Chuan and head of the household department. Later, he specialized in Liao, Jin and Song History and served as the official of Song History Bureau. After Jia Lu was appointed as the provincial inspector of Zhongshu, he put forward tens of thousands of words of political reform in view of the social problems at that time. Yuan Huizong appointed Jialu as the water supervisor of Xingdu. After receiving the task, Jialu drew a detailed water control map and put forward two river control schemes. Later, Jaru's second plan was adopted. In 1351 A.D., Jialu was appointed Minister of the Ministry of industry and commander-in-chief of river defense. He entered the second grade of preface and was awarded the silver seal. Jia Lu personally led people to build the Yellow River. Finally, he died in the war to suppress the peasant uprising army. He was 57 years old.

During the years of Yanyou and Zhizhi (1314-1323), they were elected twice. In the early years of TAIDING (1324), he was a professor of Confucianism in Dongping road. Later, he was Yin of Lucheng county. He was promoted to head of the household department. Before he took office, he served his father and returned home. Later, it was used as the capital of Taiyuan hospital. At that time, the imperial edict compiled the history of song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, and transferred them to the official of Song History Bureau. After the completion of the book, he moved to the east of Yanshan mountain to serve as an envoy to Xuanfu. Ranking first in the official performance appraisal, he was transferred to the provincial inspector of Zhongshu. The letter pointed out that the rich families merged the poor and the exiled people, which resulted in the loss of the state rent and tax income. He was soon appointed as the censor, and proposed that the censor's performance should be submitted directly to the emperor, not through other officials. It's all about promotion. He was appointed Deputy envoy of Lianfang, Shanbei road. He was recalled to be a doctor of the Ministry of industry and put forward 19 suggestions on engineering construction. In the ninth year of Zhizheng reign, he was appointed to preside over the water supervision of Shandong, Henan and other administrative departments. He was promoted to Zhongshu zuocheng in the 12th year of Zhizheng and died the next year. He was 57 years old.

Activity track

From the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty

Two times, the Ming Scripture was used to receive tribute from the township. At the beginning of TAIDING, he was awarded the professor of Confucianism in Dongping road. Later, he was appointed Yin of Lucheng County, and he was promoted to the head of the household department. In the third year of Zhizheng reign (1343), the Liao, Jin and Song dynasties were ordered to be the official of the Song History Bureau. He has successively held the posts of provincial inspector of Zhongshu, censor of Procuratorate, deputy history of Shanbei Lian's visit, and doctor of the Ministry of industry. At that time, in view of the tragic situation that "the Yellow river overflowed, suffered damage for thousands of miles, soaked the city, floated the house, damaged the crops, and poisoned the people", the people along the river left their homes and sold their children and girls. Jialu led many times to harness the Yellow River and save the people from the flood.

May, 1344

The Yellow River has changed its course. In Caoxian County, Shandong Province, the river broke the Baimao dyke to the north, with a flat water depth of more than twenty feet. In June, the golden levee was smashed northward, and all the coastal counties were flooded. Today, the border area of Henan, Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu has become a thousand mile country. In order to ensure the navigation of the canal, protect the salt fields in Shandong and Hebei coastal areas from being destroyed by the Yellow River, and ease the resistance of the people in the Yellow River flooded areas, the Yuan government had to control the Yellow River on a large scale.

February, 1348

The Yuan government set up the Xingdu water supervisor in Yuncheng, Jining, and appointed Jia Lu as the messenger of the capital water. In May of the next year, it set up the Xingdu water supervisor in Shandong, Henan and other places to deal with river disasters. Tuotuo, the prime minister, called on his ministers to discuss the "general plan for river management". Jia Luli rejected the public opinions and advocated that "the river must be managed" and "the South River and the North River must be dredged to restore the old way. If the service is not prosperous, the harm can not be done". Here, Jaru "investigated the terrain and prepared the key points.". After traveling thousands of miles along the river, he grasped the key point of the river disaster. He drew a picture of what he had observed and put forward two river control schemes: "one is to build the North dike to control the transverse collapse; the other is to dredge and plug the river to the east to restore the old road." Finally, it was decided to adopt the latter scheme. On the fourth day of April in the eleventh year of Zhizheng (1351), Jialu was ordered to be the Minister of the Ministry of industry and the commander-in-chief flood prevention envoy. He was awarded the silver seal. 150000 migrant workers and 20000 sergeants were recruited and distributed to promote service and harness the river.

Contributions

He was ordered to go to the capital as a water commissioner

After he was ordered to be the water supervisor of Xingdu, he made a field investigation along the river course, made painstaking trips for thousands of miles, obtained the first-hand information of river regulation, and presented a drawing report to the imperial court, and put forward two river regulation schemes: one is to build a dike on the North Bank of the new river below the breach, so as to limit the cross flow of the breach, and the amount of work is small; the other is to block the breach, dredge the downstream river at the same time, and pull the river back to the old road, which is twice the result with half the effort Practice. Although his plan was not adopted, and the imperial court transferred him from the Xingdu water prison, his understanding of the seriousness of the river disaster made him more firm in his idea of river control.

In May of the ninth year of Zhizheng period, the water from the breach flowed into Peixian County in the northeast and rushed into the Grand Canal, endangering water transport and salt fields. In the winter of this year, Tuotuo took the post of right prime minister again and set up a group of ministers meeting to control the river. As an envoy of Du Qingyun, Jia Lu took part in the seminar on river control and put forward his own two river control plans again. Although there were not a few ministers who opposed Jia Lu's plan and proposed another plan at the meeting, Jia Lu further stated his own ideas. Tuotuo made a quick decision and decided to adopt Jaru's latter plan. In the 11th year of Zhizheng reign, Jia Lu, 55 years old, took up the post of minister of the Ministry of work and general River defense envoy, commanding 150000 people and 20000 soldiers, and began the famous "Jia Lu River governance" in the history of Yellow River governance.

Successful river management

Jaruminda is able and dedicated. Facing the surging and roaring Yellow River, he adopted the strategy of dredging, dredging and blocking simultaneously. In dredging, all the raw land was newly opened, and the old road was dredged to pass through. The height of the old road was flat, the river was wide and narrow, the channel was straight, the channel was silted, the channel was dredged to deep, and the channel was opened to drain the flood. In the process of plugging, the dyke of thin base should be strengthened, and the dyke should be built at the mouth of the river to plug its flow. In the light of its general trend, the governor of the Yellow Emperor worked on the land for more than three hundred years. He commanded the governor in the territory of three hundred years. He was advised to be careful and cautious, but he should be careful and careful. He needed to prevent and prevent the flood. He needed to prevent * leakage, so that the river could not be blocked up, the water was not blocked up, the silt was not blocked, the crazie was not overflowing, and the situation was guided. According to local conditions, when the breach of the Huang Ling Gang embankment in Caoxian, Shandong was broken, the river mouth was washed northward and the swirling swirl was difficult due to the great breach and the autumn flood. Jialu built an "Ark" with 27 large ships. The ark was loaded with stones and sank one by one. When the dike was closed, the water was fierce. If it came down from the sky, roaring and roaring, it would shake the dike. "The audience shuddered and the public opinions were boiling." he thought it was difficult to get together, but he didn't move. He was quick to solve the problem . After a thrilling struggle, huanglinggang grand river closure project was finally completed. The river control project started on April 22nd. In July, more than 280 li of the river was built. In August, the river was brought into the newly excavated river. In September, boats were used. In November, embankments were built. The whole line was completed, making the river return to its old way. The river flows southward and joins the Huaihe River into the sea. Jialu returned to the Dynasty and presented the painting of river level to Emperor Shun.

Evaluation of later generations

Jialu's achievements in river management were highly praised by the people at that time and later generations. Emperor Shun conferred Ronglu doctor and Jixian bachelor. He also ordered Ouyang Xuan, the academician of the Imperial Academy, to write the article "tablet of river level" in order to control the accumulation of river labor. The inscription says: "Lu Neng exhausted his mind, wisdom and resourcefulness, took advantage of his spirit and courage, did not hesitate to die, and was not afraid of ridicule." Lu Xi knew about the affairs of the river, so his contribution was like this. "Xu Qian of the Qing Dynasty once said:" the ancient people who were good at talking about the river were no better than Jia rang of the Han Dynasty and Jia Lu of the Yuan Dynasty. ". Jin Fu, a water conservancy expert in the Qing Dynasty, highly praised Jia Lu's method of blocking the river with a stone boat Dyke: "Jia Lu is extremely clever and quick, which is unprecedented in ancient times.". In memory of him, there are two rivers in Shandong and Henan, both named Jialu river.

Time to control the river

The river control project, which Jia Lu presided over, started in April of the 11th year of Zhizheng period. In July, the dredging and digging works were completed. In August, water was released into the old road. In September, the boats were collected for passage and the mouth blocking works were started. In November, the civil engineering was completed and all kinds of embankments were built. The whole project lasted 190 days.

River regulation methods

The river control method adopted by Jialu is to dredge and plug the river at the same time, to dredge and plug the river first, and to adopt the scheme of easy before difficult. He considered that the dredging work is the largest, but it is relatively easy. Before the flood season, the dredging work can be controlled within the scope of geotechnical engineering, which can greatly shorten the construction period. Therefore, the whole river regulation is divided into dredging the old river, blocking the crevasse and notch in the upper reaches of the old Yellow River, building the north bank embankment and blocking the Baimao crevasse.

The biggest project

The first project is to dredge the old channel of the Yellow River from huanglinggang to hazikou and the Jianshui River from Aoli village to yangqingshu. Due to the situation of the river is high and low, wide and narrow, we must adopt different dredging and dredging methods according to the actual situation. The construction starts from huanglinggang, which is located in the second South mile of baimaokou, to the East. Kaixinhe Shili reaches nanbaimao, and then Kaihe Shili reaches Liuzhuang village. There are 102 Li and 280 steps from Liuzhuang to zhuanggujun, and 51 Li and 80 steps from Huanggu to hazikoujun. This section of the main stream is 182 Li long. In order to prevent the fury of the water after the closure, the water reducing River in Aoli village was dredged. From Aoli village to the west, the old river was widened to 82 Li and 54 steps to zhangzandian and from zhanghuodian to Yangqing village respectively

Chinese PinYin : Jia Lu