Liu Jiyuan
Liu Jiyuan
Liu Jiyuan
（？ He is the last emperor of the northern Han Dynasty. He was canonized as emperor Yingwu of the Liao Dynasty. He is the grandson of Liu Min, the ancestor of the northern Han Dynasty. He is the nephew and adopted son of Liu Jun, Ruizong of the northern Han Dynasty. Liu's mother is Liu Min's daughter.
Liu Jiyuan was Taiyuan Yin when Liu ji'en was in power. After Liu ji'en was assassinated by Hou Barong in the 12th year of the northern Han Dynasty (the first year of Kaibao in Song Dynasty, 968), Liu ji'yuan was crowned emperor by Sikong Guo Wuwei. After his succession, the tension between Liu ji'en and Liao Dynasty was eased. Liu Jiyuan was cruel and bloodthirsty. His mother, empress Guo, Liu Chengjun's wife, and Liu Min's son, were all killed by him. He was also prone to exterminate his subordinates who disobeyed him. In the 13th year of Tianhui (the 2nd year of Kaibao in Song Dynasty, 969), Zhao Kuangyin, the Taizu of Song Dynasty, personally invaded the northern Han Dynasty. The song army could not attack and retreat for a long time. The northern Han Dynasty collected the supplies abandoned by the song army, and slightly restored the national strength that was on the verge of exhaustion. In the sixth year of Guangyun (the fourth year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the country in Song Dynasty, 979 A.D.), the Northern Song Dynasty decided to launch another northern expedition after pacifying the south. Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty, personally attacked. The song army attacked fiercely, and the Liao reinforcements were also repulsed. On the sixth day of May, Liu Jiyuan surrendered.
After Liu Jiyuan surrendered, he was appointed as the right guard general and granted the title of Pengcheng Duke. In the sixth year of the Taiping reign of Song Dynasty (981), Jin was granted the title of Pengcheng Duke. In the third year of Yongxi's reign (986 A.D.), he was appointed as the governor of Baokang army. On December 18, the second year of Chunhua (January 25, 992 AD), he died and was granted the title of Zhongshu Ling and the title of Pengcheng Jun Wang.
Biography
Liu Jiyuan's original surname is he. His mother is the daughter of Liu Chong, the founder of the northern Han Dynasty. She married Xue Zhao first and gave birth to a son named Ji en. Then she married he family and gave birth to Ji Yuan. Both of them were adopted sons of Liu Chengjun, the son of Liu Chong. In July of the 12th year of Tianhui (968 A.D.), Liu Chengjun, the emperor of Ruizong in the northern Han Dynasty, died because of the pressure of the song army. Liu ji'en ascended the throne.
In September of the same year, Liu ji'en was killed by Hou Ba Rong, and Liu Ji Yuan became emperor of the northern Han Dynasty. At that time, there were only southern Han, northern Han, Southern Tang and Wu Yue in the Ten Kingdoms, among which Southern Tang and Wu Yue had become ministers in the Northern Song Dynasty. Only the northern Han Dynasty continued to compete with the Northern Song Dynasty with the support of the Liao Dynasty.
At that time, although the northern Han Dynasty was in danger, the internal strife continued unabated. Soon after Liu Jiyuan ascended the throne, he believed Ma Feng's slander and killed general ZHENG Jin. He also trusted eunuch Wei Degui, relieved Wei couple, commander of tuhun army, and transferred him to governor of liaozhou. Thousands of tuhun soldiers refused to accept the request, but Liu Jiyuan insisted. Later, I heard that Wei and his wife were complaining behind their back. They were afraid that he would mutiny, so they sent someone to kill him.
General Li Yin holds injustice for Wei and his wife. Wei Degui encourages Liu Jiyuan to send Li Yin to Lanzhou for control, and soon kills Li Yin. The tuhun army was the main force of the northern Han army. The commander was killed and the morale of the army collapsed. Liu Jiyuan was actually destroying the Great Wall.
In the spring of 969 A.D., Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty led his troops to Hedong (today's Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) to conquer the northern Han Dynasty, repel Liao's reinforcements, build a long dike, and irrigate Jinyang city (today's Ancient City camp in the southern suburb of Taiyuan City) with Fenshui. The northern Han Dynasty held fast to the dangerous city. In May, the southern city of Jinyang was destroyed by water, and the flood poured into the city. Prime Minister Guo Wuwei attempted to surrender to the Song Dynasty and was executed by Liu Jiyuan. At last, the army and the people of the northern Han Dynasty blocked the Shuikou. At that time, it was hot and rainy. The song army lived in the grassland and suffered from diarrhea. Khitan sent more troops to support the northern Han Dynasty. Song Taizu had to give up his troops and discard countless food, rates and tea silk, all of which were obtained by the northern Han Dynasty.
In the first month of the sixth year of Guangyun (979), Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty destroyed the separatist forces of Quanzhou and Wuyue. Then he concentrated his forces to fight against the northern Han Dynasty and dispatched pan Mei and others to lead hundreds of thousands of troops to attack Taiyuan in four ways. Liu Jiyuan quickly sent his son Liu rang to Qidan as a hostage, begging for help. On March 16, song General Guo Jin defeated Liao reinforcements at shilingguan (now the northeast of Yangqu County in Shanxi Province). Liao general Yelu was defeated and killed, resulting in the loss of more than 10000 Liao soldiers. From then on, the Liao army did not dare to go south, making the northern Han Dynasty in an isolated situation. In April, Taizong of Song Dynasty sent troops from Zhenzhou (now Zhengding County, Hebei Province) to conquer Longzhou (now Dongguan town, Qixian County), and personally went to Taiyuan to supervise the battle.
Under the fierce siege of the song army, yangmacheng, southwest of Jinyang City, fell first on May 1. Fan Chao, the xuanhui envoy of the northern Han Dynasty, and Guo Wanchao, the mabujun commander, successively went out and landed. On the 4th, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty drafted an imperial edict to persuade Liu Jiyuan to surrender, promising to "protect wealth"; Ma Feng, who had already become an official, went to the palace to persuade him to surrender. Liu Jiyuan in desperate circumstances, had to send the table to Song Taizong.
In the early morning of the 6th, Taizong of the Song Dynasty led the generals to hold a surrender ceremony on the platform of Liancheng in the north of Taiyuan city. Liu Jiyuan led his officials and subordinates to bow down and plead guilty under the stage in white clothes and gauze hats. Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty immediately granted Liu Jiyuan the title of Grand Master of tejin and Jianxiao, general of youweishang, and Duke of Pengcheng county to the first district of the capital a, which was awarded every year. Therefore, Liu Jiyuan was happy to forget Shu and lived a leisurely life. He died in the second year of Chunhua (1991).
The war against Han
Pre war situation
In the first month to May of the fourth year of Taiping rejuvenating the country (979) of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the unification war of the Northern Song Dynasty, Taizong Zhao Guangyi led his troops into Hedong, repulsed Liao's aid, conquered Taiyuan (now the southwest of Taiyuan in Shanxi Province), and destroyed the Northern Han Dynasty.
Strategic layout
After the Song Dynasty unified the south, Zhao Guangyi, Taizong of the Song Dynasty, inherited the will of Zhao Kuangyin and decided to attack and destroy the northern Han Dynasty. In view of the fact that Taizu led the army to attack the northern Han Dynasty three times, all of which were defeated by the Liao army's aid to the south, he formulated the strategy of encircling the city, retreating the Liao army first, and then taking Taiyuan. Then they set up the Feishan army, stepped up military training, and ordered Jin (governing Linfen, Shanxi), Lu (governing Shangdang, Shanxi Changzhi), Xing (governing Longgang, Hebei Xingtai), Ming (governing guangnian, Hebei Yongnian, Southeast), Zhen (governing Zhending, Hebei Zhengding), Ji (governing Xindu, Hebei Jixian) and other prefectures to manufacture weapons and siege equipment, store grain and grass, and prepare for the attack.
The course of the war
In the first month of the fourth year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the country, Taizong led his army to the northern Han Dynasty. Pan Mei, an envoy of xuanhui South court, was ordered to recruit the Zhizhi envoy for the North Road. He led the Heyang Jiedu envoy Cui Yanjin, Zhangde Jiedu envoy Li Hanqiong, Guizhou observation envoy Cao Han, Zhangxin Jiedu envoy Liu Yu and so on. They entered Taiyuan from all sides. He ordered Guo Jin, the observer of Yunzhou, to deploy for the capital of Shiling pass, to guard Shiling pass (now the Northeast pass city of Moqu in Shanxi Province), and Meng xuanzhe, the commander of Zhenzhou garrison, to guard Zhenzhou and rescue the Liao army in the northern Han Dynasty from the north and East.
He ordered Hou Zhi, the transport envoy of Hebei Province, and Lei De Xiang, the transport envoy of Shaanxi North Road, to take charge of the transport affairs of Taiyuan East Road and West Road respectively. At the same time, they dispatched troops to attack Longzhou (now Southeast of Qixian County in Shanxi Province), Yuzhou (now Yuxian County in Shanxi Province), Fenzhou (now Fenyang in Shanxi Province), Qinzhou (now Qinyuan in Shanxi Province), Lanzhou (now Yichang, now Lancheng in the north of Lanxian County in Shanxi Province) to separate the northern Han Army and isolate Taiyuan.
Joint attack
On the 15th, Taizong set out from Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), and his main force moved westward through Zhenzhou and chengtianzhai (now Niangziguan, Shanxi Province) to Taiyuan. Liu Jiyuan, the leader of the northern Han Dynasty, immediately sent an envoy to Liao for help. Yeluxian, the king of Liao Dynasty, ordered yelusha, the Prime Minister of Nanfu, to be the commander of the capital. Yeluxian, the king of Ji, was the supervisor of the army. Together with yeluxian, the king of Nanyuan, he led his troops to the rescue. He also ordered General Han Bi of zuoqianniuwei and Jiedushi yelushan of Datong army to make up for them, and sent his troops south to reinforce them.
On the 16th of March, when the troops arrived at dalingguan, they were waiting for the battle. When Yelu's army arrived, he led the forward army across the stream. At the end of the March, Guo Jin led his cavalry to attack suddenly, killing Yelu's five generals and annihilating more than 10000 people. And Yelv Xiefu led the rear army to the area, and the bow and crossbow were in full swing to rescue yelusha, leading the rest to retreat in a hurry. Before long, the reinforcements on Liaobei road were also repulsed by the song army.
gain a complete victory
The song army won the battle and took advantage of the situation to attack the periphery. In April, they successively conquered Yuxian, Longzhou, Lanzhou and other places, and broke the Yingyang army and Kelan army of the northern Han Dynasty, isolating Taiyuan.
The leader of the northern Han Dynasty was terrified and sent envoys to Liao, who were captured and killed by the song army. The hidden division was defeated by the song army, so he stuck to the isolated city and did not dare to fight. On the 22nd, Taizong of the Song Dynasty went to Taiyuan and gathered troops to encircle the city. In the early morning of the 24th, hundreds of thousands of soldiers and soldiers came to the west of the city to supervise the battle. They fired arrows into the city in turn with bows and crossbows. On the first day of May, Yang Ma City, the southwest fortress of the city, was conquered. Fan Chao, the xuanhui envoy of the northern Han Dynasty, and Guo Wanchao, the commander of Ma Bu army, successively went out and landed. Liu Jiyuan surrendered on the sixth day of junior high school and died in the northern Han Dynasty.
Evaluation of achievements
In this war, Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty besieged the city and beat back the Liao reinforcements. After dividing and isolating Taiyuan, he finally gathered troops to destroy the city and attack the northern Han Dynasty at one stroke, ending the split situation of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and basically realizing the great cause of unification of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Empress
Queen Duan
Historical records
History of the new Five Dynasties
History of the new Five Dynasties, Volume 70, the tenth family of the Eastern Han Dynasty
At the beginning, Cheng Jun said that Guo Wuwei did not do anything to help himself after his gratitude and resentment. He tried to get rid of it, but failed. Therefore, the chaos of Ba Rong was called Wuwei. Ba Rong died, and his mouth died without knowing. Wuwei was established in the Yuan Dynasty.
Jiyuan is tolerant. There are more than ten people in Minzi. During the period of Jiyuan, there were pickaxes, kais, kais, tins and millers. Yu Jiyuan was the father of all of them, all of them were killed by Jiyuan, so he was exempted from playing fool. Cheng Jun's wife, Guo, was born after Yuan brothers. After Yuan's wife Duan, Guo was responsible for his minor faults. He died of his illness and suspected that he had killed him. In addition, fan Chaotu, who was sent to kill the Guo family, was killed in front of the coffin by crying and hanging. Therefore, the descendants of the Liu family were left behind.
After the Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Guangyun. The emperor Taizu sent an imperial edict to invite the emperor to surrender after Yuan Dynasty. Xu Yiping was the governor of Lu army, and Guo Wuwei was the governor of an army. Wuwei held the imperial edict, but he and Jiyuan all wanted to stick to it and refuse his life. Wuwei looks up to heaven and wails. He pulls out his sword and wants to make his own decisions. It is held by the left and right. Jiyuan took his hand from the bottom and sat on the top. Wuwei said, "how can I refuse the king of millions with a lonely city?" Cap wants to shake and shake
Chinese PinYin : Liu Ji Yuan
Liu Jiyuan
