Yang Shoujing

Yang Shoujing

Yang Shoujing (June 2, 1839 - January 9, 1915) was born in Lucheng Town, Yidu City, Hubei Province. His name was Kaike, and his name was Kaikai. He changed his name to Shoujing. In his later years, he called himself the old man of Linsu. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, he was an outstanding historical geographer, epigrapher, bibliographer, calligrapher, numismatist and book collector.

Yang Shoujing studied hard all his life. He is well-known for his ability of textual research. He is a great scholar of geography, gold and stone, calligraphy, spring coins, book collection and tablet bibliography. He wrote 83 kinds of works in his life. He is known as "the first beginner of the late Qing Dynasty". His masterpiece Shuijing Zhushu is a monument in the history of Li studies.

Life of the characters

On June 2, 1839, Yang Shoujing was born into a merchant family in Lucheng, Yidu. Yang Shoujing lost his father at the age of 4 and was taught calligraphy and poetry by his mother at the age of 5.

In 1848, he studied from Mr. Xie.

In 1849, because of poverty, he stopped studying at the counter of business station and insisted on self-study.

In 1856, Gong Xiaokai.

In 1857, he was a scholar in China.

In 1862, he was the 80th person in the class. Like Chen Yishan and Jinshi.

In 1863, under the guidance of Pan Cun's Jinshi, he developed "the monument of the temple of Tai Gong" under the moon.

In 1865, he was a teacher of Jingshan government school in Beijing. I went to Liulichang in Beijing to look for the inscriptions, which is very good with Deng Tiexiang's inscriptions.

In 1866, he devoted himself to the study of epigraphy.

In 1867, he wrote the inscription on the Qing Pavilion, which put forward that "the study of gold and stone should be based on textual research of characters, followed by playing with calligraphy.". Criticism "ran Han's home, or focus on the" collection of Posts ", no longer on the Han and Wei dynasties." Yang Shoujing went from the capital to Gaoping, Shanxi Province. When he passed by, he saw that there was a monument in the temple. He brought his own tools to rubbings.

In 1868, pan Cun instructed Yang Shoujing to copy the stele of Zheng Wengong. He knew that the stele had been handed over from the "ancestor of the true mouth of the Six Dynasties" and "there were few abuses".

In 1869, he bought several kinds of inscriptions at the juyidian of Jingzhou Prefecture.

In 1872, Mou engraved "Wangtang Jinshi", which included the collected inscriptions of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties into ten pieces, and turned them into a collection. He believed that the double hook method was the best, and the essence of hook imitation could retain its charm.

In 1874, he was admitted to the National History Museum.

In 1875, Gong Xiaogong traveled from Tianjin to Shanghai with the tablet. He was impressed by Yang Shoujing's profound knowledge of gold and stone.

In 1877, he compiled the source of regular script, and compiled the book Yuanya (also known as "Yuanmao", a seal engraved with flowers and names). At that time, those who were fond of seals were envious of the genuine products of Qin and Han Dynasties. However, Yuanya still had the legacy of Wei and Jin Dynasties. Yang Shoujing compiled Yuanya because it was easy to get.

In 1878, he went to Wuchang with his wife Gong and his eldest son Yang Bijun to sell books.

In 1879, he was elected as county magistrate, Professor of Geography in Jiaoyu and Lianghu academy, and chief Dean of Qincheng (ancient) school. In Wuchang for Ni Mo carved "ancient and modern Qian Lue.".

In 1880, he was sent to Japan as an entourage of Japanese Minister He Ruzhang, responsible for the cultural affairs in the museum. During this period, he discussed with Japanese Sinology calligraphers, known as "Yang Shoujing whirlwind". It is the first time to use advanced technology to reduce and print the ancient stele Huanyu Zhenda map, which is an important collection for scholars of literature, history and art.

In 1882, after returning to China, he was elected to teach Huanggang county.

In June 1884, he was appointed as the imperial teacher of Huangzhou. In July, Li Shuchang played Bao Yang Shoujing's "excellent knowledge, good reputation for handing over with the eastern people", and selected the county magistrate as soon as he was absent and added the five rank.

In 1888, Xuezheng of Hubei Province played a role of "public erudition, scholars' emphasis, and one grade higher".

In 1896, he wrote an epitaph for the parents of the Fujian governor who fought in Taiwan.

In 1899, he was appointed as a teacher of Lianghu academy by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang.

In 1902, he was transferred to Qincheng school. Jiang Shifen, a scholar in politics, played the role of Yang Shoujing as "a scholar of profound learning, a backward teacher, and a master of archaeology. He is the best scholar in Hubei Province, and has been awarded the title of four grades.".

In 1903, the Imperial Court opened a special economic section, and the governor Zhang Zhidong and governor duanfang ranked first. Yang Shoujing, a veteran and well read scholar, has devoted himself to public opinion for decades. In the evolution of the past dynasties, we should be familiar and detailed. He wrote books all over his family, which can be handed down to the world. Yang Shoujing's stele learning is known as "one of the two great masters in the South and north of the sea" (Li Baoxun in the North).

In 1904, the collection of 16 volumes of guquansou and the manuscript of feiqingge Qianpu were completed.

In 1905, Huang Shaoji was appointed as a councillor of the academic affairs office.

In May 1906, he was elected as the magistrate of Huoshan County in Anhui Province, but he did not leave.

In 1907, Qin Cheng school was changed into Cungu school, and he was still the chief teacher. Zhang Zhidong, the governor, was appointed to the cabinet. Chen Baochen was appointed as the consultant of the Ministry of rites.

In 1909, he served as an adviser to the Ministry of rites.

In 1910, he was also employed to compile Hubei Tongzhi Bureau.

Among them, from 1906 to 1912, hundreds of inscriptions were made in Jinling and Shanghai. The above is enough to show that Yang Shoujing devoted all his life to the tablet. Among them, Wangtang Jinshi is a book that can be searched, engraved, printed and sold at any time. Therefore, the same book has different names: Wangtang Jinshi characters, houxin Feiqing pavilion's carved Jinshi characters, houxin Feiqing pavilion's carved ancient stele, houxin Feiqing pavilion's collected stele, and Wangtang Jinshi collection · sequel · 2.

In 1914 (the third year of the Republic of China), President and vice president Yazhong was more important than Yang Shoujing. He was hired as an adviser to the national government. He became an official in his old age and did not want to be popular. He also urged the staff to go northward and asked the Senate to participate in politics, saying that political science is not his strong point and his words are not successful. He was also employed to compile for the Qing History Museum.

On January 9, 1915 (November 24, the fourth year of the Republic of China), he died of no disease in Beijing. He was 76 years old. President Yuan Shikai ordered: "Yang Shoujing, a member of the Senate, is well-known in the world for his profound scholarship, rich works and outstanding contributions. The fact of his life is that his biography was set up by the Xuanfu national history museum to show his studies. " On the day of burial, the government sent a special car to escort the coffin back to Yidu to bury its ancestors in the dragon's nest.

Main achievements

Calligraphy achievements

Mr. Yang Shoujing's calligraphy ranks the third among his many achievements, but this does not affect his position in the history of Chinese calligraphy, which is mainly manifested in three aspects.

Calligraphy theory of great volume

Yang Shoujing holds that calligraphy should be changed, and change is innovation. He explained that the calligraphy of later generations and the calligraphy of the predecessors "the pen and brush should be Xiao, the words should be combined, and the layman should be the end.". The source of regular script written by him is 14 volumes and 1 volume. As the name suggests, he is exploring the origin of regular script, and also discussing the reform of characters and the innovation of calligraphy. "Gu's official identification is divided into chapters according to rhyme, which is easy to find, but it is not enough to see the change of eight methods because of its complicated side.". "The steles of the Northern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty each have their own physique. Those who have the physique of the steles must not be allowed to go in and out can also be good at their own merits. If one word of the steles of the Northern Dynasties and one word of the steles of the Tang Dynasty can be combined into a composition, this book is intended to make scholars understand the changes of calligraphy.". In this book, Yang Shoujing repeatedly discusses the changes of calligraphy, and his innovative consciousness naturally overflows between the lines. Calligraphers of all ages have come to the conclusion that if they want to have new attainments in calligraphy, they must have "three requirements", that is, first, talent, second, seeing more and third, writing more. Yang Shoujing, while affirming the three essentials of his predecessors, added "two essentials", that is, one is to taste high. He believed that "if you taste high, you will write elegant and elegant, and you will not fall into the secular world." first, you should learn to be rich, have a broad mind, and the spirit of books will naturally overflow between the lines. It should be affirmed that this is his understanding of calligraphy and life for decades.

Mr. Yang Shoujing not only learned from the rich, but also had high quality. During his stay in Japan, he bought back a large number of Chinese classical cultural books that had been lost to Japan, many of which were still in their own copies, making an indelible contribution to the preservation of Chinese cultural classics.

The calligraphy art of melting Han Dynasty and casting Tang Dynasty

Yang Shoujing is good at calligraphy, including Zhen, Cao, Li, Xing and Zhuan, but the most distinctive style is Xingkai. Xiong Huizhen, a member of his family, called Yang Shoujing "the calligraphy handed down from generation to generation is ancient and luxuriant, close to Han and Wei dynasties, unparalleled in the world.". Although there is some over praise, we can still get a glimpse of it. According to the chronicle, the influence of his calligraphy at that time can be seen. Mr. Chen shangmin is especially fond of Yang Shoujing's handed down calligraphy, "melting the Han Dynasty and casting the Tang Dynasty, and having the advantages of dividing the official system and quoting regular script. In the late Qing Dynasty, it can be said that he inherited the past and opened up the future, and was the only artist.". There are three reasons for this: first, extensive knowledge. As a calligrapher, only by learning to be rich, can one have a high vision, and only by having a high vision, can one have a high hand. This is the case with Mr. Yang Shoujing. The ancients said: "read ten thousand books, travel ten thousand miles.". He also said: "reading breaks ten thousand volumes, and writing is like a spirit.". Mr. Yang Shoujing said: "you can write by reading more books and you can write by reading more famous works". This is a wise saying. In his preface to the origin of regular script, Bi Baoli said that Yang Shoujing "chose the strange and selected the different, and accumulated the fault into a mountain". There is no doubt that his extensive knowledge is the solid foundation for the formation of his calligraphy style. The other is the combination of inscriptions and inscriptions, which is the brilliant point of Yang Shoujing's calligraphy. The calligraphers of past dynasties paid more attention to the southern calligraphy, while Yang Shoujing paid more attention to the study of the northern stele. In the Qing Dynasty, the study of Steles was greatly promoted. Some people refused to accept nantie and absolutely combined them. However, Yang Shoujing always respected the inscriptions, advocated aestheticism, broke the tradition and established his own house. Therefore, his handed down calligraphy has both form and spirit, and is radiant. "There are not only the vigor of the stone tablet, such as chopping with a knife, but also the elegance of the calligraphy, which is quite heroic but not flattering" (Chen shangmin language).

Multi purpose side front

"Most of the calligraphy in the Six Dynasties was based on the side front." The so-called hidden front, and the outer front in the painting is called, cover is such as cone painting sand, such as printing clay, fold hairpin shares, house leak marks. Later generations sought to hide the front of the said, but not to create a center when it. His theory is also very debatable, and those who study his method will not be good at writing. Apart from other people, what's the difference between Wang and Wang? Only side

Chinese PinYin : Yang Shou Jing