Fang Zhimin

Fang Zhimin

Fang Zhimin (August 21, 1899 to August 6, 1935), formerly named Yuanzhen, was named Zhenghu and Huisheng. He was born in HUTANG village, Yiyang lacquer Town, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province. He was a revolutionist, statesman, militarist of the Communist Party of China, an outstanding leader of the peasant movement, and the founder of the Fujian Zhejiang (Anhui) Jiangxi Revolutionary Base and the red ten corps during the Agrarian Revolutionary War.

He joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in August 1922. He was transferred to the Communist Party of China in March 1924. In January 1928, he took part in leading the Yiheng uprising and founded the Northeast Jiangxi Soviet area. He successively served as chairman of the Soviet government of Northeast Jiangxi Province, Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Province, political member of the 10th and 11th Red Army, and Secretary of the Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provincial Party committee of the Communist Party of China. He combined Marxism with the reality of Northeast Jiangxi and created a whole set of experiences in building the party, army and red regime, which Mao Zedong called "Fang Zhimin type" base area. He was arrested on January 29, 1935 and died on August 6 at the age of 36.

In September 2009, Fang Zhimin was selected as "100 heroes and models who have made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China" by 11 departments including the Central Propaganda Department and the central organization department.

Life of the characters

Childhood

Fang Zhimin was born in HUTANG village, qigong Town, Yiyang County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province on August 21, 1899. He entered a private school at the age of 8, then dropped out of school at the age of 12 to assist his family in farming, and spent his childhood in his hometown. At the age of 17, he entered the county primary school with the help of the villagers and accepted the influence of the new culture movement.

Youth

In the autumn of 1916, Fang Zhimin was admitted to Yiyang County primary school. The school organized the progressive group "nine district youth club".

In the summer of 1919, he launched an anti imperialist patriotic struggle with the students of Yiyang County primary school. Autumn, admitted to Jiangxi Province a type of industrial school preparatory class.

In 1920, he was promoted to the applied Machinery Department of Jiangxi Provincial Class A Industrial school. He is in charge of the student autonomy Association of the University. He wrote a letter to Shao Lizi, chief editor of consciousness, supplement of the Republic of China Daily, and talked about his views on a novel entitled catching a thief published by the magazine, which was appreciated by Shao Lizi. He published his first prose poem cry in the supplement of the Republic of China Daily.

In the spring of 1921, he was expelled from the school for leading the students to fight against corrupt education and demand educational reform. Soon, he joined Jiangxi "transformation society" and became the main contributor of new Jiangxi quarterly. In autumn, he was admitted to the missionary school of nanweilie University (Tongwen College).

Revolutionary movement

In the spring of 1922, Fang Zhimin joined the "non Christian Alliance". In July, he went to Shanghai from Jiujiang and lived in Shao Lizi's home. He proofread the Republic of China Daily and listened in Shanghai University. During his stay in Shanghai, Fang Zhimin joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League and wrote the vernacular novel "scheming", which was published in the supplement of "consciousness". Although Fang Zhimin's stay in Shanghai was short, it was an important turning point in his life.

In Shanghai, Fang Zhimin found Party organizations and leading organs of the Communist Party of China, and met Chen Duxiu, Qu Qiubai, Yun Daiying, Xiang Jingyu and other famous leaders of the Communist Party of China. In August of the same year, according to the organization's decision, Fang Zhimin left Shanghai and returned to Nanchang to set up a "Cultural Publishing House" and set up a local league organization in Jiangxi to set up an activity base. Publish the weekly "the voice of youth" and publicize Marxism.

At the beginning of 1923, Fang Zhimin, Zhao Xingyi and others founded Nanchang local organization of Chinese Socialist Youth League, Jiangxi "civil rights movement alliance" and "Marxist Theory Research Association". Together with the works of Lu Xun, Yu Dafu, Ye Shengtao and other famous writers, the vernacular novel "scheming for affairs" has been selected into the novel "Yearbook" compiled and printed by Shanghai novel research institute.

In March 1924, Fang Zhimin joined the Communist Party of China. Participate in the establishment of Party and Youth League organizations in Jiangxi Province.

During the May 30th Movement in 1925, Fang Zhimin participated in the work of "Jiangxi Support Association for Shanghai case negotiation" and went deep into remote areas to carry out propaganda and agitation. In July, he was elected executive member of Jiangxi provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang and Minister of the Ministry of farmers. He returned to Yiyang to set up a group of Chinese Communist lacquer workers, organized "Yiyang youth club" and published ten days of cuntie.

In May 1926, Fang Zhimin attended the second peasant Congress of Guangdong Province. In December, he served as Secretary General of the Preparatory Office of Jiangxi farmers' Association.

In February 1927, Fang Zhimin was elected executive member and Secretary General of Jiangxi farmers' Association. He led the whole province's farmers' movement into its heyday, led the farmers' movement, established the farmers' self-defense army, and the membership of the farmers' Association reached more than 800000. After the "Ganzhou Massacre" in March, he went to Wuhan to petition the KMT Central Committee and the national government, attended the enlarged meeting of the CPC Central Committee's Agricultural Committee, and was elected as the executive member of the "provisional Committee of the all China farmers' Association". He returned to Jiangxi as special commissioners of the KMT Central Committee to act as the provincial Party headquarters. He also set up a Jiangxi farmers' movement training class in Nanchang and organized farmers' self-defense armed forces. On June 5, Zhu Peide, chairman of the Jiangxi provincial government of the Kuomintang, sent him out of the country as a gift. He changed his name to Li Xiangsong and went to western Jiangxi to inspect the party's work and the peasant movement. In August, after the Nanchang Uprising, he returned to Yiyang to launch the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and successively served as secretary of the CPC Yiyang District Committee and Hengfeng District Committee. From November to February 1928, he organized and led the Yiheng uprising with the zodiac and others. At that time, he was Secretary and commander in chief of the working committee of Yiyang, Hengfeng, Guixi, Qianshan and Shangrao counties of the Communist Party of China. After the uprising failed, he led his department to fight in Mopan Mountain area.

In April 1928, Fang Zhimin was appointed secretary of the Yiyang County Party committee of the Communist Party of China, and founded a battalion and a company of the 14th regiment of the second division of the second army of the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army. He led the establishment of the Yiyang and Hengfeng Soviet governments and served as chairman of the Yiyang Soviet government. In June, he presided over a joint meeting of the Yi and Heng county Party committees, criticized the wrong idea of burying guns and escaping, and determined the basic strategy of the struggle against "encirclement and suppression". After the meeting, he went to Guixi, Poyang, Wannian, Dexing, Hukou and other counties to develop Party organizations, establish revolutionary armed forces and organize peasant riots. Fang Zhimin led the uprising peasant army to carry out guerrilla warfare. He used such tactics as "attacking the West with the East, avoiding the real and attacking the false", "eating when you can eat, and running when you can't eat" to repel the Kuomintang army four times in a row in one year.

In 1929, Fang Zhimin was appointed secretary of Xinjiang special committee of the CPC, Secretary of Guixi county Party committee of the CPC and chairman of the Soviet government of Xinjiang special zone, leading the establishment of the first independent Red Army regiment of Jiangxi Province.

In January 1930, he wrote a new revolutionary drama, the struggle at the end of the new year, and performed it in Guixi.

In 1930, he served as chairman of the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Jiangsu Soviet government and led the independent regiment to open up bases in northeastern Jiangxi and Northern Fujian. He led the peasant uprising in Guixi, Wannian and other counties, and smashed the local "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army many times. In July, he led the establishment of the tenth army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army. In August, he was elected chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Northeast Jiangxi special zone. In September, he was elected as the executive member of the Northeast Jiangxi Administrative Committee and moved to Northeast Jiangxi with the red ten army.

In March 1931, Fang Zhimin was elected chairman of the Soviet government and chairman of the Cultural Committee of the Northeast Jiangxi special zone. In late March, after serving as the political commissar of the red tenth army, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the special committee of Northeast Jiangxi. He led his troops to fight in Guixi, Yujiang and Northern Fujian. He fought 11 battles in Northern Fujian and won all battles. In September, he was elected to the Standing Committee of the CPC Northeast Jiangxi Provincial Committee. In November, he was elected executive member and presidium member of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China at the first National Congress of workers, peasants and soldiers. In the same year, he was elected chairman and finance minister of the Soviet government of Northeast Jiangxi Province.

In September 1932, he served as the political commissar of the red ten army, led the second army into northern Fujian, and successively occupied chishi, Xingcun and Pucheng. In December, he served as chairman of the Soviet government of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Province.

In January 1933, the red ten army was reorganized into the red ten first army, serving as political commissar and forming the new red ten army. In March, he was awarded the red flag Medal of honor by the first National Congress of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China. In December, he served as secretary of the CPC Fujian Zhejiang Jiangxi Provincial Committee and commander of Fujian Zhejiang Jiangxi military region. During this period, he resolutely resisted the "left" adventurism guidelines, led the army and people in Northeast Jiangxi and Fujian Zhejiang Jiangxi Soviet area to fight against "encirclement and suppression" and cooperated with the central revolutionary base to fight against "encirclement and suppression".

In January 1934, he was added as a member of the Central Committee at the Fifth Plenary Session of the sixth CPC Central Committee held by the Provisional Central Bureau, and was re elected as an executive member of the Central Committee and a member of the presidium at the second National Congress of workers, peasants and soldiers. In October 1934, xunhuazhou red seventh corps, as the advance team of Anti Japanese army, arrived in Northeast Jiangxi base and joined with Fang Zhimin's red tenth army. In early November, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued an order that the seventh Red Army and the tenth Red Army should be combined into the tenth Red Army, with Fang Zhimin as the chairman of the military and political Commission and Liu Chou Xi as the head of the army. In November, the red ten corps and the red ten army formed the red ten army and left Northeast Jiangxi for Southern Anhui. At that time, they were the chairman of the military and Political Committee of the advance team of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army going north to resist Japanese aggression. They unified the leadership of the party organization and the revolutionary armed forces in the border areas of Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi. In December, the 19th division of the 10th Red Army, led by division commander xunhuaizhou and political commissar Nie Hongjun, advanced from Baisha to Jingde County. They marched into the head of the temple and held a mass meeting to publicize Anti Japanese and national salvation.

Capture and sacrifice

In 1934, led by Fang Zhimin and Su Yu, the advance team of the Red Army going north to resist Japan was pursued by Wang Yaowu of the Kuomintang in the areas of wuniguan, baiting and shimengang in Tanjiaqiao town. Our army suffered heavy losses in this battle. The 10th Red Army was pursued and surrounded by the Kuomintang army led by Wang Yaowu. Fang Zhimin and other main leaders of the 10th Red Army were captured and sacrificed. Only Su Yu led more than 400 of them out of the encirclement.

On January 29th, 1935, he was in Huaihua, Yushan County, Jiangxi Province

Chinese PinYin : Fang Zhi Min