Emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty

Sima Chi

Sima chi (March 14, 284-313) was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). The third emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty (307-311), the 25th son of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, and the younger brother of Sima Zhong, Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty, whose mother was Wang Yuanji.

The sky is clear and rare, but there is no yingyou. At the beginning, he served as a regular official and was granted the title of king of Yuzhang. Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty was in power. He worshipped the general of Beida and was named emperor Taidi. Yongjia first year (307), ascended the throne as emperor, Taifu Donghai Wang Sima Yue assistant. During his reign, Wu Hu Luanhua began to sprout, and the royal power struggle became increasingly serious. In the fifth year of Yongjia (311), the secret imperial edict Gou Xi attacked Sima Yue, which led to the death of Sima Yue, the king of Donghai, and the defeat of Wang Yanwei, the Taiwei, to Ningping city. Liu Cong, Emperor Zhaowu of the Han Dynasty, took advantage of the situation to attack Luoyang and create the Yongjia rebellion. He captured emperor Huaidi of the Jin Dynasty, thought Yi was the same as the third division, and granted the title of Duke of Kuaiji.

In the first year of Jianxing (March 14, 313), Liu Cong poisoned him. He was 30 years old.

Life experience

Early experience

In the first year of Taixi (290), Sima Chi was granted the title of king of Yuzhang. In April of the same year, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty passed away, and Prince Sima Zhong ascended the throne for emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty. Sima Chi did not take part in the eight kings' rebellion during the reign of emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty. He kept a low profile and was not keen on making friends with guests. He did not get involved in the affairs of the world and was fond of studying historical records, which was praised by people at that time.

Sima Chi himself had no great talent. At first, he served as a general servant. In the second year of Yongkang (301), when Sima Lun, king of Zhao, dethroned emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, Sima Chi's position as a regular official was also removed. In April of the same year, after the restoration of emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty, he was transferred to Yongning, where Sima Chi was appointed as the commander of Shesheng, and moved to Qingzhou as the general of motorcycles.

In the first year of Yongxing (304), he served as a general and commander in chief of the town. On December 24 of the same year, Sima Chi was made emperor's younger brother. However, the appointment of Sima Chi as emperor's younger brother was the result of the opposition between Sima Ying, king of Chengdu, and Sima GUI, king of Hejian. In fact, Sima Chi himself had no ambition for power.

Ascend the throne for the Emperor

On November 18, the first year of Guangxi (January 8, 307), Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty died. Yang Xianrong, the empress of emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, thought that she had a sister-in-law relationship with simachi, the emperor's younger brother, and could not be the Empress Dowager. Therefore, he urged Sima Qin, king of Qinghe, to enter Beijing and ascend the throne. Sima Qin had already arrived at Shangshu Pavilion, waiting for Zhonghua Hun to call Sima Chi. On November 21, Sima Chi, the emperor, went to the palace for amnesty for emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty. He respected empress Yang Xianrong as empress Hui and lived in Hongxun palace. He pursued his mother Princess Wang Yuanji as empress dowager and established empress Liang as empress dowager.

The year after Sima Chi ascended the throne, he changed the yuan to Yongjia. Sima Yue was the assistant of Taifu, and the political situation was controlled by Sima Yue. During this period, the Xiongnu and other ethnic minorities also began to establish an independent regime, among which Liu Yuan had called himself Emperor Han, and the power struggle within Jin Dynasty was becoming increasingly serious. In the first month of the fifth year of Yongjia (311), Emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty ordered Gou Xi to attack Sima Yue. In March, an imperial edict was issued to denounce Sima Yue. Sima Yue died in the same month, and Wang Yan was elected marshal. In April, when Wang Yan sent troops to escort Sima Yue's coffin back to the East China Sea, he fought with shile's 20000 troops in kuxian county (now Luyi, Henan Province) and Ningping city (Dancheng, Henan Province). Shile rode around and shot at it. More than 100000 soldiers were killed. Shile burned Sima Yue's coffin. When Wang Yan was captured, he advised shile to build a new country and become emperor in order to survive, but he was still buried alive by shile. The last major force of the Western Jin Dynasty was eliminated, and there was no fighting force.

Death

In June of 311, the fifth year of Yongjia, Liu Cong, the son of Liu Yuan, invaded Luoyang. Emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty was captured on the way to Chang'an, and the crown prince Sima Quan was killed. Emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty was sent to Pingyang. Liu Cong appointed emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty as the third division of Yitong and granted the title of Duke of Kuaiji. Liu Cong once said to Emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty at a banquet, "when you were king of Yuzhang, I went to you with Wang Ji. Wang Ji introduced me to you. You said you had heard my name for a long time. Show me your Yuefu songs and say, "I hear you are good at writing Fu. Try to help me to have a look." At that time, Wang Ji and I both wrote Sheng De song, which you appreciate very much. He also led me to shoot arrows in the Imperial Hall. I got twelve chips. You and Wang Ji got nine chips. You gave me Zhejiao and Yinyan. Do you remember? " Emperor Huaidi of Jin said, "how dare I forget, but I hate that I didn't know your emperor's face at that time." Liu Cong said, "your family is fratricidal. Why is it so fierce?" Emperor Huaidi said, "it's probably not human affairs, it's heaven's meaning. The great men will be ordered by the will of heaven, so they will expel each other for their majesty. Besides, if my family can carry out the great cause of Emperor Wu and all families are in harmony, how can your majesty get the world! " When he came out in the evening, Liu Cong gave the young Liu GUI Ren to Emperor Huaidi of Jin, and said to him, "this is the granddaughter of Gong Liu Yin. Now I give her to you as my wife. You should treat her well." Liu Shi is the wife of Kuaiji state.

In the first month of the first year of Jianxing (313), Emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty was ordered to serve as a servant to pour wine at a banquet held by the Zhao court of Han Dynasty. Not long after that, on the first day of February (March 14 of the Gregorian calendar), Liu Cong poisoned emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty with poisonous wine. He was 30 years old and his burial place was unknown.

Main achievements

Politics

On the first day of the first month of the first year of Yongjia (307), Emperor Huaidi of Jin implemented amnesty and ordered to abolish the criminal law of killing the three ethnic groups.

Economics

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, there was no big war in the world, the taxes were average, and the people were satisfied with their work. After emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, political education declined. In the reign of Yongjia (307-311), Emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty, the disorder became more serious. To the east of Yongzhou, most of the people were hungry and destitute. They sold their children to each other and fled. There were countless people in exile. You, he, Si, Ji, Qin and Yong were plagued by locusts, and there were no vegetation, cattle and horses. There was a pandemic, and there was famine. The people were killed by robbers again, and the floating bodies covered the river, and the bones covered the fields.

Historical evaluation

Overall evaluation

After emperor Huaidi ascended the throne, he followed the old system and went to Taiji hall with his ministers. He made shangshulang read the seasons and listened to them discuss political affairs in Dongtang. During the banquet, he often discussed with the officials about government affairs and textual research of classics.

Historical evaluation

Fu Xuan: "today I see the world of Emperor Wu again!"

Xun song: "emperor Huaidi's heaven is clear and Shao, but there is little yingyou. If Chengping is met, it is enough to be the master of the order. After the disturbance of emperor Hui, the dictatorship in the East China Sea resulted in the disaster of exile

Gan Bao: "emperor Huaidi inherited the chaos and gained the position, and was restrained by powerful officials."

Fang Xuanling and other scholars in the book of Jin (Book of Jin): ① "emperor Chong is self-defense, and his family is unique in traveling. He does not pay attention to the affairs of the world, and plays with historical records, so he has a good reputation at that time." He lived in the yellow house with jade seals

Anecdotes and allusions

When Emperor Huaidi was born, Jiahe appeared in Nanchang County of Yuzhang county. Previously, those who expected Qi said that "Yuzhang has the Qi of the emperor". When Emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty was the king of Yuzhang, he was granted the title of emperor Taidi. He was modest and obedient, and then quoted scholars from the court to talk about books.

Relative members

parent

Father: Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty

Mother: Chinese talent Wang Yuanji (after Sima Chi ascended the throne, she became empress dowager)

brother

Piling mourns King Sima GUI

Sima Zhong, Emperor Huidi of Jin Dynasty

Sima Cambodian, King Xian of Qin Dynasty

Sima Jing, King Huai of Chengyang

Sima Xian, king of Chengyang

Sima Wei, king of Chu

Sima Zhi, Chongwang, Donghai

Sima Yu

Sima Yun, king of Zhongzhuang in Huainan

Simagai, king of Xindu

Sima ya, king of Kang in Qinghe

Changsha Wang Sima Yi

Ru Yin ai wang Sima Mo

Wang Sima Ying, Chengdu

Sima Yan, king of Wu

Sima Hui, the war king of Bohai Sea

Sima Yan, king of Dai AI

sisters

Princess Pingyang

Princess Xinfeng

Princess Yangping

Princess Wu'an

Wannian Princess

Princess Changshan

Princess Fanchang

Empress

Queen Liang Lanbi

Mrs. Liu

Heirs

Prince Sima Quan, the son of Sima ya, the king of Kang in Qinghe, the elder brother of Sima Chi.

Historical records

Book of Jin Volume 5 emperor Ji No.5

Book of Jin, volume 112, the second edition of Zai Ji

Zi Zhi Tong Jian Jin Ji

Chinese PinYin : Jin Huai Di