Zhalantun City, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Zhalantun is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Hulunbuir city. It is the political, economic, cultural, medical and transportation center of Lingdong region in Inner Mongolia, the vice center of Hulunbuir City, an excellent tourist city in China, and one of the commodity trading centers of Hulunbuir city. Located in the east of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the east foot of great Xing'anling at the south end of Hulunbeier City, it is adjacent to Arong Banner in the East, Gannan and Longjiang counties of Qiqihar City in Heilongjiang Province in the south, and zalaite banner of Xing'an League in the west, Arshan city of Xing'an League and Ewenki Autonomous Banner of Hulunbeier city in the west, and Yakeshi city in the north. The total administrative area of the city is 16900 square kilometers, which is composed of Mongolia, Han and Dali It is composed of 20 nationalities, such as ur, Oroqen and Ewenki.

In March 2020, it won the title of national advanced county of village cleaning action, and was praised by the central agricultural office and the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas.

Evolution of organizational system

In the Neolithic period 7000 years ago, human activities had already taken place in the Yalu and chuoer river basins.

In the period of Yao and Shun, the Yalu River and chuoer River were all located in ancient Sushen country, where the Yubu of xubu and Fuyu lived.

During the spring and Autumn period, the Yalu River and chuoer River Basin in Zhalantun city was one of the important hunting areas of Donghu.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yalu River and chuoer river basins were located in the eastern boundary of Xianbei forces.

In 386 ad, the Yalu River, chuoer River and Allan River Basin were within the influence of Fuyu Kingdom, and were the Heishui part of Wuji kingdom.

During the reign of emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty, the Yalu River and chuoer river basins were the hunting places of the reconciliation department and the wuluohu department in nanshiwei.

During the Five Dynasties, Yaonian and Dieci of Qidan royal family lived in Yalu River, chuoer River and Aron river for a long time, and they were the activity centers of Qidan people. In 1116, the Liao Dynasty established Jinshan County in the north of Taizhou (now taizicheng, Tailai County, Heilongjiang Province), which was later upgraded to Jingzhou. For the Yalu River, chuoer River Basin, that is, today's Zhalantun city territory.

In 1214, Tiemuzhen enfeoffed several younger brothers and their relatives who had made great contributions to the war. Tiemuzhen's younger brother timuzhen hanchijin's fief was in the East and west of Daxing'an Mountains, Nenjiang River and Songhua River, and Zhalantun city was in his fief.

In 1408, the Ruan Li River (Yalu River) Wei was set up by the Ming Dynasty in the Yalu River Basin at the eastern foot of the Great Xing'an Mountains, and the Duoyan Wei was set up in the chuoer River Basin. From 1644 to 1661, the Tsarist Russian army invaded the vast area to the north of Heilongjiang Province. The Qing Dynasty was busy with calming down the anti Qing rebellion in the pass and was unable to take into account the defense of the frontier. Therefore, it adopted a negative policy of internal migration, and moved the Oroqen, Ewenki, Daur and other ethnic groups living in this area to the South Bank of Heilongjiang Province. Some of them were moved to Yalu River, chuoer River and Jiqin river The Yalu and Yinhe river basins are classified as "Yalu ABA", the Jiqin River Basin as "Jiqin ABA", and the chuoer River Basin as "Tuoxin ABA".

In 1683, Zhalantun city was under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang general.

In 1691, on the basis of three "zhalans" and five "Abas", the Qing Dynasty established the eight banners of butha (i.e. the eight banners of Daji). Dahar, Ewenki and Olunchun in Nenjiang River Basin were all incorporated into the eight banners. Each banner has more than ten or twenty assistants. Each assistant has one assistant leader, and four assistant leaders. Zhenglan and Xianghong banners are stationed in Yalu River. Zhalanyamen is set up in Zhenglan and Xianghong banners, and "zhalanzhangjing" is assigned to take charge of the military and administrative affairs of Zhenglan and Xianghong banners, which are controlled by butha.

In 1894, the Qing Dynasty abolished the general manager of butha and promoted him to the vice governor of butha, still under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang general. In the same year, an official village was set up in Zhalantun, where the general manager of zhalanzhangjing took care of the population and farmland.

In 1906, the Qing Dynasty abolished the vice capital of Buteha. Taking Nenjiang River as the boundary, there were two routes of Buteha, East and West, with one general manager each. The general manager of West Buteha was stationed in yiwoqi, which was in charge of the flag affairs under the jurisdiction of this route. The Yalu River Basin belonged to West Buteha. Each flag has one assistant leader, and zhalanyamen is abolished.

On March 1, 1916, the government of the Republic of China set up the jiqinhe Reclamation Bureau in the jiqinhe river basin at the east foot of the Great Xing'an Mountains to manage the self flowing reclamation farmers and develop the land reclamation business; on July 1, 1916, the Zhalantun Reclamation Bureau was set up, and the auxiliary Bureau was set up to assist the jiqinhe Reclamation Bureau in managing the land opening affairs. On February 2, 1926, jiqinhe and Zhalantun reclamation bureaus were abolished, and Yalu Bureau was established. The Bureau was located in Zhalantun, which was managed by the Heilongjiang provincial Party committee.

In March 1923, the government of the Republic of China established the office of the chief executive of the Eastern Province Special Administrative Region, which is in charge of the administrative affairs of the subordinate areas on both sides of the railway.

On January 5, 1929, the Heilongjiang Provincial Administrative Office of the government of the Republic of China upgraded the administrative bureau of Yalu county to Yalu County, which is under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province and is a third class county. Yalu county is bounded by Buxi County in the East, Jingxing county and zalait banner in the south, and Hulun County in the north.

On June 27, 1932, after the establishment of the puppet Manchukuo, the system of Yalu county was abolished, and the former administrative division of Yalu county was set as butha left wing banner (based in today's Zhalantun) and butha right wing banner (based in Boketu). On May 12, 1933, the left and right banners of Buteha were merged into Buteha banner, which belongs to the eastern province of Xing'an. The puppet banner office is located in today's Zhalantun.

In August 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender and the putha banner Office of the puppet Manchuria state disintegrated. In May 1946, after the formation of butha banner government, it was subordinate to the Eastern Mongolian People's autonomous government, nawenmuren League (provincial) government. On May 1, 1947, butha banner was under the leadership of Nawen Muren League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region government. In April 1949, it was transferred to Huna League government.

On January 23, 1950, the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decided to put boketunouktu (Yalu and balimu, namely balinlianggacha) under the jurisdiction of budeha banner under the jurisdiction of xiguitu banner (now Yakeshi city).

On April 1, 1953, the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decided to abolish Huna League and establish the eastern administrative office of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Butha banner was directly subordinate to the eastern administrative office. In April 1954, the Executive Office of the eastern region was abolished, and the former Huna League and Xing'an League were merged into Hulunbeier League, and butha banner was subordinate to Hulunbeier League.

On August 1, 1969, butha banner was transferred to Heilongjiang Province along with Hulunbeier League. On July 1, 1979, butha banner returned to Inner Mongolia with Hulunbeier League.

On October 10, 1983, butha banner was abolished and Zhalantun city (county level) was established in the original administrative region. On January 1, 1984, the city was established.

On October 10, 2001, Hulunbuir city took charge of the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and took charge of Zhalantun city.

administrative division

Zhalantun governs 7 streets, 8 towns and 4 townships (including 3 ethnic townships): Xinghua street, Zhengyang Street, Fanrong street, Xiangyang Street, Gaotaizi street, Tiedong street, Hexi street, mushiqi Town, woniuhe Town, Genghis Khan Town, Dahewan Town, Haoraoshan Town, Chaihe Town, Zhonghe Town, haduohe Town, Daur Ethnic Township, Olunchun ethnic township and SAMA street Ewenki nationality township and wadi township. The municipal government is located in Xinghua street.

geographical environment

Location context

Zhalantun city is located in the east of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the south end of Hulunbeier City, with its back against Daxinganling and its face overlooking Songnen Plain. Its geographical coordinates are 47 ° 5 ′ 40 ″ - 48 ° 36 ′ 34 ″ N and 120 ° 28 ′ 51 ″ - 123 ° 17 ′ 30 ″ E. It is adjacent to Arong Banner with Yinhe in the East, Gannan and Longjiang counties in Heilongjiang Province and Zhalaite banner in Xing'an League with Jinchangcheng in the southeast and south, Aershan city and Ewenki Autonomous Banner with Hamar mountain and Moke River in the West and northwest, and Yakeshi city with amuniu River in the north. The straight-line distance between the East and West top of the city is 210km, and the straight-line distance between the north and South top is 160km. The total area of Zhalantun city is 16926.3km2.

landforms

Zhalantun city is located in the eastern edge of the Mongolian Plateau in the middle of the Asian continent, at the east foot of the middle section of the Great Xing'an Mountains and the west side of the Songnen (Liao) plain. The terrain in the territory is high in the West and low in the East, high in the north and low in the south. The highest point of the terrain is the unnamed highland 8 km southwest of chaiheyuan forest farm in the west of the city and 1706 m above sea level at the junction of Xing'an League, and the lowest point is 250 m south of Genghis Khan town and Longjiang County of Heilongjiang Province, with an elevation difference of 1456 m between the two places. According to the natural distribution of the combination of surface morphology, Zhalantun city can be divided into four geomorphic divisions: middle mountain division, low mountain division, hill division and plain division.

climate

Zhalantun has a mid temperate continental monsoon climate. The climate is characterized by strong solar radiation, abundant sunshine, long and cold winter. Summer is short and warm with concentrated rainfall and large annual and daily temperature range. In spring, the temperature rises rapidly, in autumn, the temperature drops sharply, the accumulated temperature is effective, and the wind direction is river valley. The western and northern regions belong to warm, cool, humid and semi humid forest and animal husbandry areas in the eastern forest margin of Daxinganling, while the southeastern region belongs to warm and semi humid agricultural areas.

hydrology

Zhalantun city is located in the middle and upper reaches of Yalu River. The basin belongs to Paleozoic Mesozoic compound anticline structure in geological structure. It is located in the eastern margin of the middle section of Daxing'anling uplift belt of Xinhua Xia system. Various kinds of intrusive rocks are well developed in the area. Generally, the late Variscan late Yanshanian acid intrusive rocks are the main ones. The main rocks are mainly diagenetic rocks, followed by granite and quartz schist, which are widely distributed Mountains and hills

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