Zhalute banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Zhalut banner is the name of Mongolian tribe. It is located in the northwest of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, 119 ° 14 ′ e to 125 ° 57 ′ e, 43 ° 50 ′ n to 45 ° 50 ′ n. The population of Zhalute banner is composed of 13 ethnic groups including Mongolian, Han and Hui. The land area of the whole banner is 17500 square kilometers. In 2015, the total population of the whole banner reached 305309.

Zhalute has high mountains in the north, low mountains and hills in the middle, and plains and marshes in the south. It belongs to the mid temperate semi-arid monsoon climate. The deposits include coal, graphite, pyrophyllite, mica, fluorite, limestone, copper, lead, zinc, silver, gold, etc. Tonghuo railway, 304 National Road and 306 provincial road pass through the territory. Scenic spots and historic sites include jinjiehao, a GUI cave, a cultural relic of Liao Dynasty, mountain grassland tourist area, Huangtaiji and lotus leaf wetland, etc.

On April 18, 2019, the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decided to withdraw Zhalute banner from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties.

Historical evolution

From the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Qin and Han Dynasties, this land belonged to the pasture of Donghu people.

From Han Dynasty to Jin Dynasty, it was the residence of Wuhuan and Xianbei people. During the southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was the residence of Khitan.

In the Liao Dynasty, it was the pastureland of the king of Peking University, where Qidan people lived.

During the Jin Dynasty, Beijing road was to the south of jinjiehao, where Nvzhen lived. In the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Shangdu road. In the Northern Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, it belonged to wulianghai Sanwei.

In 1560, the five tribes of Karka conquered gongningwei, one of the three guards, and attached to the Chahar tribe. Wubashi inherited the position of his father and ershuoqi hasar nuoyan, claiming to be Weizheng nuoyan and living in the east of Taining. The Ministry under its jurisdiction is known as zarut. From then on, the name of "zarut tribe" began to be recorded in the annals of history.

The second year of Tiancong (1628) belonged to Houjin. In order to make better use of the influence of Horqin and Zhalute, Huang Taiji began to implement the system of flag (Heshuo) and assistant leader (Sumu) in the fifth year of Tiancong (1631). Since then, the zarut ministry has lost its traditional autonomy in administration and military affairs.

In 1636, the later Jin Dynasty changed its name to Qing Dynasty, and the whole 49 banner of Inner Mongolia was under the direct rule of Qing Dynasty.

In 1648, neiqi was granted the title of dorobel by the Qing government. Sangjiabu, the son of neiqi, inherited the title of dorobel from his father and occupied the original pastoral land and members of the zarut tribe. He was given the post of zazazak in zarut banner, which was hereditary. In the same year, the Qing government granted seben the title of dorodar hanbel. Sangar, seben's second son, inherited his father's title of dorodar hanbel, and set aside a part of the pastoral land and the tribe from the zarut tribe. According to his ownership, he gave zasak the post of hereditary despotism. The right wing banner of zarut is the pastoral area. Since then, the former zarut ministry has been divided into two administrative flags: the left wing and the right wing. The two banners of Zhalute are Zhaowuda League.

After the establishment of the Republic of China, it basically followed the administrative system of the Qing government, and changed the principled vassal court into the Mongolian and Tibetan court, and its subordinate organs remained the same. During the scuffle between Zhifeng warlords, in order to expand their influence in Mongolia and take Rehe as the front position, Yuan Shikai entrusted Rehe Dutong (later renamed governor) to directly control and supervise the affairs of each banner and county under the jurisdiction of Zhaowuda League. Set up county and Wuzhi bureaus, set out to develop and cultivate Mongolian land, and pay more attention to fiscal revenue to supplement the large amount of expenses needed by the war.

On December 27, 1923, Rehe Du Tong appointed Gao Yishan as a member of the northern Shandong Provincial Committee and a commander of the army.

In 1924, gaoyishan officially established Lubei Wuzhi Bureau (Lubei county). In the territory of the left and right banners of zarut, there was a situation in which the county was divided. The county governs the reclaimed area, and the flag governs the uncultivated area. At the same time, the county is above the banner.

In May of the 22nd year of the Republic of China (May of 1933), the puppet Manchukuo set up the West Branch of Xing'an (Kailu, the capital of the province) in the area north of the Xilamulun River in Zhaowuda League of Rehe Province, and the left and right banners of zarut were under the jurisdiction of the West Branch of Xing'an.

In April of the 24th year of the Republic of China (May of 1935), the puppet Manchukuo government ordered that the left and right banners of zarut be merged into one zarut banner, and the flag office was designated in northern Shandong.

In November 1945, an interim government was established in zarut banner.

In January 1946, the Eastern Mongolian Autonomous Government was established. In March, the autonomous government was established in Zhalute banner, which is subordinate to the Zhaowuda provincial government.

After the "4 · 3" meeting in Chengde in 1946, the leadership of the Communist Party of China to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Movement was made clear. The Eastern Mongolian Autonomous Government was abolished, and Zhaowuda province of the Communist Party of China was renamed Zhaowuda League administrative committee, which was subordinate to Rehe province. The autonomous government of zarut banner was changed into a democratic government of zarut banner.

In August 1946, the Zhaowuda League Committee of the Communist Party of China formed the working committee of Zhalute banner to work in Zhalute banner. In May 1947, Zhalute banner was transferred to Zhelimu League of Liaoning and Jilin Province. In July 1947, Zhalute banner government was established.

In August 1948, after the revocation of Liaoning and Jilin Province, it belonged to the Zhelimu League of Northern Liaoning Province. In April 1949, it came under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region along with Zhelimu League. On October 1, 1949, it was changed into the people's Government of Zhalute banner. It was founded in 1956.

In 1958, it was called red flag people's commune, and in 1965, it was restored to Lubei town. From July 5, 1969 to May 30, 1979, it belongs to Jilin Province. In May 1979, it was re assigned to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with Zhelimu League.

In 1999, the State Council abolished the establishment of Zhelimu League and established Tongliao City at prefecture level. Zhalute banner was under the jurisdiction of Tongliao City.

In 2000, Zhalute banner governed 6 towns, 5 townships and 14 Sumu.

In September 2001, Sumu Township Institutional Reform, Gongnong Township and yihebei Township were merged into Lubei town. In June 2006, Sumu Township Institutional reform again, Maodu Sumu was merged into Lubei town. Lubei town is composed of original Lubei Town, Gongnong Township, yihebei Township and Maodu Sumu township.

administrative division

As of 2014, Zhalute banner has jurisdiction over 7 towns and 8 Sumu: Lubei Town, Huanghuashan Town, gahaitu Town, Jurihe Town, bayartu Hushu Town, Xiangshan Town, arikunduling Town, Bayantala Sumu, wulijimuren Sumu, daolaodu Sumu, gerichaolu Sumu, qiandemen Sumu, Ulan hada Sumu, chabugatu Sumu and wuergeqi Sumu. The flag government is located in Lubei town.

geographical environment

Location context

Zhalute banner is located in the northwest of Tongliao City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the south foot of Daxinganling and the northwest end of Horqin grassland. It is a transitional zone from Inner Mongolia Plateau to Songliao plain. It is located between 119 ° 13 ′ 48 ″ - 121 ° 56 ′ 05 ″ E and 43 ° 50 ′ 13 ″ - 45 ° 35 ′ 31 ″ n. It borders Keerqin Right Wing Middle Banner of Xing'an League in the East, alukeerqin banner of Chifeng City in the west, Kailu County and Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner of Tongliao City in the south, dongwuzhumuqin banner and xiwuzhumuqin banner of Xilinguole League in the north and huolingole city of Tongliao City in the north. Zhalute banner has a total land area of 17500 square kilometers, nearly one third of the total land area of Tongliao City. It is 110 kilometers wide from east to west and 240 kilometers long from north to south. The territory is long and narrow from northwest to Southeast.

Topography

The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with mountains in the north, low hills in the middle and sand dune plain of Xiliao River in the south. Tunter mountain, the highest point of Zhalute banner, is located in Hanshan forest farm, with an altitude of 1444.2 meters. The lowest point is located in talahuamupu of DaoLao dusumu, with an altitude of 179.2 meters. Lubei Town, where the banner is located, has an altitude of 265 meters.

Climatic characteristics

Zhalute banner belongs to the mid temperate continental monsoon climate. There are four distinct seasons in a year, with sufficient light, strong solar radiation and long sunshine time. The average annual temperature is 6.6 ℃, and the average annual sunshine hours is 2882.7 hours. The frost free period is longer in the south central part and shorter in the north, with an average of 139 days, including 91-114 days in the north and 130-147 days in the south central part. It is dry and windy in spring, with an average annual rainfall of 382.5 mm, mainly from July to August. The average annual evaporation is more than 1800 mm, the average annual humidity is 49%, and the average annual wind speed is 2.7 m / s.

hydrographic features

There are 9 large rivers and 49 tributaries in Zhalute banner, which belong to Nenjiang River and Liaohe River. To the north of hairihan mountain, Huolin River, wubrikunduleng River and arikunduling River, which originate from Tejinhan mountain, belong to Nenjiang river system; to the south of hairihan mountain, Qianjin River, Lubei River, bayanjuliu River, Bayantala River, Ailin River, which originate from gerichelum, and wulijimuren River, which flows into our banner, belong to Liaohe River system. There are more than 90 large and small lakes with water surface of 46000 mu, mainly distributed in the southern semi agricultural and semi pastoral areas.

natural resources

mineral resources

As of 2013, the total mineral resources accounted for about 80% of the total mineral resources in Tongliao City. More than 120 kinds of deposits (spots) have been found in Zhalute banner. It mainly includes rare and rare earth metals such as chromium, beryllium, germanium and hafnium, non-ferrous metals such as copper, lead, zinc and silver, and non-metallic minerals such as coal, graphite, pyrophyllite, mica, fluorite, kaolin, limestone and quartz. Among them, coal reserves are 12 billion tons, and "801" rare metal reserves are 200 million tons.

water resource

As of 2013, the total amount of available water resources in Zhalute banner is 1.03 billion cubic meters, including 570 million cubic meters of surface water resources and 460 million cubic meters of groundwater resources. There are three small reservoirs in Zhalute banner, including Xiaohexi reservoir, Huanghuashan reservoir and Bayi Reservoir. At present, there are 7700 agricultural electromechanical wells in good condition in Zhalute banner, with an effective irrigation area of 853000 mu, and tap water

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Tong Liao Shi Zha Lu Te Qi