Gaotai County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province

Gaotai County Gaotai County, subordinate to Zhangye City, Gansu Province, is located in the middle of Gansu Hexi Corridor and the lower reaches of the middle reaches of the Heihe River. It has been known as "the key of Hexi and the throat of five counties" since ancient times. The terrain is high in the South and low in the middle, with Qilian Mountain in the south, heli mountain in the north, oasis plain in the middle, and Heihe river running through the county. The total land area of the county is 4346.61 square kilometers, under the jurisdiction of 9 towns. By the end of 2017, Gaotai County had a total population of 158000.

Gaotai County has a long history. In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC), Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Gaotai County was set up as a county, which was a necessary place for the "Silk Road". In the first year of Xiankang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (335 BC), Zhang Jun of Qianliang set up Jiankang County in today's camel city. In the third year of Yongzheng (1725) of Qing Dynasty, Gaotai County was established by thousands of garrisons of Gaotai and Zhenyi. There are camel city ancient ruins, xusanwan city and tombs, the great wall of the Han and Ming Dynasties and other national key cultural relics protection units.

In 2017, the GDP of Gaotai County was 5.592 billion yuan; the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 22633 yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 8.3%; the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 12667 yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 8.2%.

Historical evolution

During the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, there were Qiang tribe activities in Gaotai area.

From the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period to the end of Qin Dynasty, Wusun people and Yueshi people lived by water and grass.

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Hun rose to the north and occupied Hexi. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Hexi corridor was incorporated into the territory of the Han Dynasty. In the sixth year of Yuanding reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (111 BC), the county was set up as a table, belonging to Jiuquan County, which was the first county in Gaotai area. In later Han Dynasty, the name of Biao was changed to Biao. In the third year of Guanghe (180th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was an epicenter earthquake, and the county seat was easily located.

During the period of Sixteen States, Gaotai was ruled by the separatist regimes of Qianliang, qianqin, Houliang, Beiliang and Xiliang. In the first year of Xiankang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (335), Zhang Jun of Qianliang set up Jiankang County in today's camel city. In 376, Biaoshi county and Jiankang County belonged to the former Qin Dynasty. After the war of Feishui, it was cold. In the second year of Houliang Longfei (397), Juqu's male Cheng Zile forced Jiankang, and Juqu's Mengxun pushed Jiankang's Taishou duanye, which was called Liangzhou Mu and Jiankang Gong, and established Beiliang. In the second year of the Tianxi reign of Beiliang (400 years), Li Li, the prefect of Dunhuang, built Xiliang and occupied the west of Zhangye. In 421, Mengxun in Juqu destroyed Xiliang, and Peishi and lesu belonged to Beiliang. In Sui Dynasty, Jiankang county was withdrawn and Biaoshi county was established.

In 619, Fulu county was established in the old city of lesu, and it was subordinate to Suzhou. Jurisdiction includes the west of camel city and Jiuquan County, the east of which is Zhangye county. In the first year of Zhengsheng (695), Jiankang army was set up in the old city of Jiankang, which was subordinate to Hexi Jiedushi (stationed in Liangzhou), and was abolished in Tianbao year. After the Anshi rebellion, Hexi was empty, and Tubo took advantage of it to occupy it. In the second year of Dazhong (848), Zhang Yanchao recovered the four counties in Hexi. The county belonged to the Tang Dynasty and was later owned by Uighur.

In Song Dynasty, it was the land of Xixia.

In Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Ganzhou road general manager's office.

In 1372, the right deputy general Feng Sheng led the army to pacify Hexi, built a fort in the present county seat, set up a high station, and was subordinate to Gansu Wei. In 1392, Gaotai station was subordinate to Ganzhou Zhongwei. In 1396, a sentry horse camp was set up near today's Chengcun village. Hongwu 30 years (1397), shaomaying expansion, home town Yi Shouyu thousand households, under the Shaanxi Xingdu division. Jianwen two years (1400) cut revolution, Yongle first year (1403) restoration. Jingtai seven years (1456), Gaotai station to Gaotai Shouyu thousand households, under the Shaanxi Xingdu division.

In the third year of Yongzheng reign (1725), Gaotai and Zhenyi were merged into Gaotai County, which was subordinate to Ganzhou Prefecture and was located in the current county seat. Yongzheng seven years (1729), changed to Zhili Suzhou.

In 1912, Gaotai County was subordinate to ansudao, and in 1927, it was subordinate to ansudao. In 1936, it was subordinate to the seventh administrative supervision district of Gansu Province.

In September 1949, Gaotai was liberated and belonged to Zhangye district.

In May 1950, Zhangye district was abolished and Gaotai County was subordinate to Jiuquan district. In October 1955, it was subordinate to Zhangye district. In October 1969, it belonged to Zhangye area. Since July 2002, it has been subordinate to Zhangye City.

On October 10, 2018, the Gansu Provincial Government approved Gaotai County to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties.

administrative division

As of October 2018, Gaotai County has jurisdiction over 9 towns, including Chengguan Town, Xuanhua Town, Nanhua Town, laneway Town, heli Town, Luotuo Town, Xinba Town, Heiquan town and Luocheng Town, and the county people's government is stationed in Chengguan town.

geographical environment

Location context

Gaotai County is located in the middle of Gansu Hexi Corridor, the lower part of the middle reaches of Heihe River, and the north of Zhangye City. It is adjacent to Linze County in the East, Sunan Yugur Autonomous County in the south, Minghua township of Sunan Yugur Autonomous County and Suzhou District of Jiuquan City in the west, heli mountain in the north, Jinta County of Jiuquan City and Alxa Right Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is 99.13 km long from east to west and 90.93 km wide from north to south. The geographical coordinates are 98 ° 57 ′ 27 ″ - 100 ° 06 ′ 42 ″ E and 39 ° 03 ′ 50 ″ - 39 ° 59 ′ 52 ″ n, with a total area of 4346.61 square kilometers.

topographic features

Gaotai County is high in the north and south, low in the middle, shaped like a saddle. In the south is the northern foot of Qilian Mountain, in the middle is the corridor plain, and in the north is the Heli mountain. The altitude ranges from 1260m to 3140m.

climate

Gaotai County is a cold temperate continental arid climate, dry, scarce precipitation, rich in light and heat, large temperature difference between day and night. It's hot in summer and cold in winter.

The average annual temperature of Gaotai County is 8.1 ℃, the hottest month is July, the average monthly temperature is 22.7 ℃, the coldest month is January, the average temperature is - 8.9%. The average temperature is 10.1 ℃ in spring (March to May), 21.4 ℃ in summer (June to August), 7.5 ℃ in autumn (September to November) and - 6.6 ℃ in winter (December to February). Affected by the altitude and topography, the regional distribution of temperature decreases from north to south, and the temperature in Sichuan is higher than that in mountainous areas.

The precipitation in Gaotai County is rare, with large interannual variation and uneven spatial and temporal distribution. The average annual precipitation is 112.3 mm, and the average annual evaporation is 1923 mm in Sichuan and 1829 mm in mountainous areas.

The annual sunshine hours of Gaotai County are about 3088 hours in Sichuan area and 2683 hours in mountainous area. The annual sunshine percentage is 71% in Sichuan area and 60% in mountainous area. The annual total solar radiation is 148 kcal / cm2 in Sichuan area and 129 kcal / cm2 in mountainous area.

hydrology

Gaotai County has seven major rivers, including Heihe River, Bailang River, Dahe River, Shuiguan River, shuishiguan River, Hongsha River and Shanshui River, and 19 small and medium-sized reservoirs.

soil

In 1982, the soil in Gaotai County was divided into 8 soil types, 18 sub types, 40 soil genera and 27 soil species, including irrigated soil, fluvo aquic soil, meadow soil, gray brown desert soil, gray calcareous soil, aeolian sandy soil, saline soil and swamp soil.

vegetation

In Gansu Province, Gaotai County belongs to temperate desert vegetation zone. The area along the Heihe River and Xinba and Hongyazi in the southern mountain area are suitable for plant growth. Except that there are sporadic natural Populus euphratica forest in Zhengyi gorge and sporadic natural grassland in flood plain on both sides of Heihe River, they are all cultivated crops and plantations, and the natural ecosystem has been replaced by agricultural ecosystem. There are many xerophytic saline alkali tolerant shrubs, small shrubs and semi shrubs in the periphery of oasis, with sparse vegetation, simple structure and low coverage, showing typical desert vegetation characteristics. In the southernmost front of Qilian Mountains, a small area of grassland vegetation is distributed.

natural disaster

The main meteorological disasters in Gaotai County are frost, low temperature, dry hot wind, strong wind, sandstorm, hail, rainstorm (flood), heavy snow and drought. Geological disasters such as debris flow and earthquake rarely occur in some areas along Qilian Mountain. Biological diseases and insect pests are more common, but due to prevention and control, the disaster is not large.

The most common and prominent natural disasters in Gaotai County are drought, flood and sandstorm.

natural resources

water resource

The total amount of water resources in Gaotai County is 1.573 billion cubic meters. The total amount of water resources allowed to be utilized is 539 million cubic meters, including 407 million cubic meters of surface water and 132 million cubic meters of underground water.

The surface water of Gaotai County mainly comes from Heihe River, Bailang River, Dahe River, Shuiguan River, shihuiguan River and Hongsha River, which belong to Heihe River inland water system. The average annual total runoff is 1.657 billion cubic meters per year. The total runoff of incoming surface water is 1.239 billion cubic meters per year, most of which are transit flow. Among them, the inflow of the main stream of Heihe River is 1.162 billion cubic meters per year.

The groundwater storage in the plain area of Gaotai County is 58.174 billion cubic meters, and the allowable exploitation is 132 million cubic meters per year. The over exploitation of groundwater is serious and the water level continues to drop. The amount of groundwater extracted was 50 million cubic meters in 1998 and 132 million cubic meters in 2010. According to the comparative analysis of 31 years long-term observation data of 25 groundwater observation wells in the whole county, the groundwater level was basically stable from 1970s to 1990s, showing irrigation type. Since the beginning of Heihe water diversion in 2000, the water level has been decreasing year by year, with an average annual decrease of 0.53 M. Especially in the area along the Heihe River, during the peak period of extracting a large amount of groundwater, the water level dropped significantly, with a maximum decline of 10.6 meters. The luotuocheng well irrigation area has formed a regional groundwater depression funnel with an area of about 60 square kilometers.

land resource

According to the first national land survey, Gaotai County has a total land area of 6637965.3 mu, equivalent to 4346.61 square kilometers. Among them, 345275 mu of cultivated land, 596600 mu of garden land and 1