Princess Yifen

Princess Yifang

Princess Yifang (? - 745) Yang, the daughter of Tang clan

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In March of the fourth year of Tianbao, she was granted the title of Princess Yifang and married to the leader of Xi, Li Yanchong. Later, for the sake of Bian Gong, an Lushan killed Xi and Qidan many times, which led to his rebellion against the princess.

Textual research of life experience

There are four statements about the life experience of Princess Yifang in historical books

"The old book of the Tang Dynasty" Volume 9 "Tang Xuanzong biography" contains: the grandson of Yang's daughter for the princess Yifang;

Chapter 6 of Tang Huidian, Chapter 6 of Princess Hefan, chapter 215 of Zizhi Tongjian and chapter 979 of CEFU Yuangui: the niece Yang was granted the title of Princess Yifang.

In the book of Tang Huidian, Volume 96, Xi, and the new book of Tang, volume 219, biography of Xi, it is recorded that Yang, the daughter of the clan, is Princess Yifang.

"New book of the Tang Dynasty" Volume 5 "Tang Xuanzong biography" records: take Yang's daughter as Princess Yifang.

As for the first argument, Cui Mingde wrote in his book the history of ancient China's peace and kinship (hereinafter referred to as the history of peace and kinship), "Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was born in August of the first year of chuigong (685), and he was 61 years old in March of the fourth year of Tianbao (745). At the age of 61, it is against common sense to have a great granddaughter to marry. So the so-called "granddaughter of Dugu family" is obviously the mistake of "granddaughter of Dugu family" By analogy, the so-called "granddaughter Yang" is obviously the mistake of "granddaughter Yang".

"It can be concluded that Princess Yifang is the daughter of Princess Wei and Yang Shuo, the 13th daughter of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty," he Qin Tong Shi wrote "Princess Yifang: married as the granddaughter of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty." "The birth father of Princess Yifang is Yang, and her mother is Princess Wei."

Is Yang, Princess Yifang, the daughter of Princess Wei and Yang? The key is that in March of the fourth year of Tianbao (745), when Princess Yifang Yang married, Princess Wei told Yang whether she had a daughter to marry? Especially the daughter who can write the poem "Xu Chi Yi Ti Ping Feng" earlier than "the year of Ji"?

"New book of the Tang Dynasty" Volume 83 "biography of princesses of all emperors" contains: "Princess Wei, the beginning of feudalism.". He married Lu Jian and Yang. Hong Zhenyuan

According to the epitaph of Tang Dou Lu Jian, "in the Tang Dynasty, Dou Lu, the founder of Zhongshan County, lived nine to thirty years. He was born in Jingsheng on March 24. On August 12, Yue was buried in hongduyuan, Xianyang, with state rites. He went to dongyili, where he was buried first. "

From August 12, the third year of Tianbao (744) to March, the fourth year of Tianbao (745), only half a year later, Princess Wei and Yang said that it was impossible for them to have children, let alone the daughter of Princess Wei, Yang, to come out to ridicule Li Yanchong, governor of Rao Ledu!

Tang Xuanzong did not have the daughter of Princess Wei Yang, and no other granddaughter Yang could be married. The life experience of Princess Yifang Yang had nothing to do with Tang Xuanzong's granddaughter.

As for the second statement, a thorough examination of the "biography of princesses of the Emperors" in the new book of the Tang Dynasty and the "princesses" in "Tang Hui Yao" shows that there are 11 daughters in Tang Ruizong, but none of them married the Yang family, so the second statement is obviously wrong.

As for the third argument, the granddaughter, Princess Yifang Yang, has not been found, and the niece, Princess Yifang Yang, does not exist. The only way to find the granddaughter is Princess Yifang Yang.

Xi Zhuan, volume 219 of the book of the new Tang Dynasty, states: "King Xin'an (LI) Yi descended his chieftain, Li shisuo, to five thousand accounts of the high tribe, and took his land as Guiyi Prefecture. Because of Wang Shi, he worshipped the general of the zuoyulin army and the governor of this prefecture, and gave 100000 silk to him, which made him partial to Youzhou. When Lishi died, his son became a beloved heir and rebelled against Qidan. He was trapped by Zhang Shouli in Youzhou. Yan Chong came down and worshipped Rao Le Du Du Du and Huai Xin Wang again. She took Yang's daughter as the wife of Princess Yifang

"Tang Huidian" Volume 96 "Xi" contains: "King Xin'an (LI) descended his chieftain Li Shi. Yizhou was established on the basis of its location. Because of the king's poetry. Poetry is dead. His son, Yan Chong, rebelled. He was trapped by Zhang Shouli in Youzhou. It's coming down again. A letter to the king. The daughter Yang from the clan is the wife of Princess Yifang. "

"New Tang book" Volume 5 "Tang Xuanzong biography" says: "four years in March Renshen, to Yang's daughter for Yifang princess, married in Xi Rao Ledu governor Li tingchong."

There are two records in volume 636, biography of Siyi and biography of Xi in xutongzhi, the same as that in volume 219, biography of Xi in xintangshu.

The imperial continuation of the general annals, which was written in 1785, is not only reasonable, but also thought-provoking.

It is also said in the history of Harmony: in the history of harmony, the identity of Princess Yang of Yifang is listed as "the niece of the patriarchal clan". "Family niece" is not granddaughter or niece, but "family niece".

The Yang family, Princess Yifang, is not the daughter of Princess Wei or the granddaughter of Emperor Xuanzong, but the daughter of the clan.

Background of reconciliation

Speaking of Princess Yifang, I have to talk about the people she married - Xi.

In fact, from Sui and Tang Dynasties to Liao Dynasty, Xi has always played an important role in the north of China. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was even more valued than the Qidan people.

Both Xi and Qidan come from the same ethnic origin, and they are the descendants of xianbeiyu culture department at that time. After being defeated by Tuoba Xianbei, they hid in daxianbei mountain (today's Daxinganling) and lived on the Xilamulun river. They came out of the mountain in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties and gradually grew up. Later, they formed an independent ethnic group. In the period of Wu Zetian, the Khitan leaders Li Jinzhong and sun Wanrong led an uprising because they could not bear the oppression of local officials in the Tang Dynasty. After Li Jinzhong died, sun Wanrong led them. The Xi people began to follow the uprising. Later, they were bribed by the Tang Dynasty and the Turks and attacked the rebel army from behind. Yang Xuanji of the Tang (Zhou) army attacked the Khitan army from the front. The Khitan army was defeated. Sun Wanrong, its leader, was handed down to Luoyang, the eastern capital. Wu Zetian attacked the rest of Khitan party with Li kaigu and Luo Wuzheng. After that, Xi was more powerful than Qidan in the northeast frontier.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong, known as "Tian Khan", made many expeditions to Koguryo. The two vassals saw that the Tang Dynasty was powerful, so they successively returned to Cheng. The leader of Xi nationality was given the surname "Li". The fiefdom was mainly located on both sides of today's Xilamulun River, which is today's Chifeng area. In the Tang Dynasty, "Rao Le Dudu Fu" was set up in this area. The leader of Xi nationality acted as the Dudu, which was a real administrative government. However, under the instigation of Turks and driven by interests, Xi and Khitan swayed back and forth between Turks and Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Tang Xiujing defeated Xi, jiehu and sangqian Turks in duhushan, and gained many achievements. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Zhongsi defeated Xi nujie three times in sangqianhe, conquered many of them and glorified the north of Wumo.

In 732 ad, Li Yi, the grandson of Li Ke, the king of Xin'an, was ordered to use troops against Xi. The mutiny was originally instigated by Turks, so when the army arrived at Horqin grassland, chief Xi Shi Suo Gao led 5000 Zhang to express his willingness to surrender to the Tang Dynasty and move to the mainland. Therefore, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty granted Li Shi the title of King Xi, general Zuo Yulin and governor of guiyizhou, granted 100000 pieces of money and silk, and moved his tribe to guiyizhou on the border of Youzhou. The address of Guiyi Prefecture is located in Changyang, Fangshan, Beijing. It used to be the place where Xinluo (Korean) Guiyi people were settled. At this time, Xi people were resettled.

This time, the surrender was very thorough. Not only did almost all the staff come here, but also the government office of Rao Yuefu moved here because the 5000 account should be more than 50000 people. It was set up at the foot of Dafang mountain. This is Rao Lefu village, Fangshan town today.

After his surrender, Li shisuo sent his eldest son Li Yanchong (732-746) to the imperial court as a bodyguard. In fact, he was a "proton", a hostage. When Li shisuo died six years later, an Lushan asked the court to let Li Yanchong succeed. The court agreed.

After succeeding to the throne, Li Yanchong returned to the Xilamulun River, the original place of Rao Yuefu. Soon after, he joined forces with Khitan to fight against the Tang Dynasty. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shouli's siege fell to the Tang Dynasty.

A life of reconciliation

Princess Yifang was not the first princess of Tang Dynasty who was intimate with Xi. As early as in 717 and 724, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty married his niece, Princess Xin of Gu'an and Princess Wei of Dongguang, to Li Lusu.

When Li Yanchong succeeded to the throne and descended to the Tang Dynasty, he was canonized as governor of Rao Yuefu and King Huaixin in the Tang Dynasty. And once again, he adopted the policy of making peace with Xi. On March 14, 745, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty canonized his daughter Yang as Princess Yifang and married Li Yanchong.

When the procession arrived at Xuchi post, Princess Yifang was sad. She wrote a poem on the wall of the post to express her sorrow.

For the sake of biangong, Anlushan invaded Xi and Qidan several times, which led to the rebellion of Princess Xi.

After the an Shi rebellion, Khitan was captured by Li Zaiyi in Tang Dynasty. Liu Ji defeated Xi, pursued him for more than 1000 Li, and beheaded him 20000 level at Qingdu mountain. Zhang Zhongwu broke through the northern part of Xi and Shanxi.

Textual research on tombs

Historical records: lujingling is a dangerous place. The former site is lingshang village, Hekou Township, 30 kilometers north of Lan county, Shanxi Province. Guangxu's Shanxi Tongzhi: "lujingling, 60 miles north of Lanxian County, is also the ancient Honggu pass. There is no horse in the West and jingle in the East. The cone-shaped hill not far from the ridge is known locally as "huanggufen".

Jin Peirong, from Lanxian Photography Association, twice went to lujinling in Hekou township of Lanxian County for field investigation

It is a huge ancient tomb. It faces southwest in the northeast, Lianshan in the East, and faces Valley in three directions. It is more than 70 meters in circumference at the bottom and about 6 meters in height. It stands alone at the head of lujinling. It can be imagined that since she was buried, she has always turned her back to the East and never seen the sunrise again. Instead, she can only face the westerly wind and wait for the setting sun for a long time, which shows a kind of sadness.

Chinese PinYin : Yi Fen Gong Zhu