Liu Sanwu

Liu Sanwu

Liu Sanwu (1313-1400), whose name was Kun at the beginning, was later changed to be like a step, and was named Tanweng by himself. He is from Chaling, Hunan Province. Shi Yuan was the vice governor of Jingjiang road in Guangxi. After entering the Ming Dynasty, in 1385, he was recommended to Zuo zanshan by Ru Zong and moved to Hanlin. It also published three methods of selecting scholars, and made a preface to Dagao and hongfanzhu. During the 30-year examination, many people from central and southern China took part in the examination, and they served as garrisons. Jianwen was called back at the beginning. He died soon.

(overview picture source: Qing Dynasty < / I > < I > Gu Yuan < / I > < I > < I > collection < / I > < I > biography of ancient sages < / I > < I >, Daoguang ten years edition < / I > < I >)

brief account of the author's life

Liu Sanwu, minister in the early Ming Dynasty. It was born on the 18th of the fifth year of Yanyou (1313) and died on the 17th of August in the second year of Jianwen (1400). It is buried in the basin of datangping in Shipi of Chaling. The mausoleum is extant. Also known as Ru sun, with the word line, from the name of tantanweng, is a descendant of the Duke of Chu in Song Dynasty, Chaling (now Chaling County, Hunan Province) people.

My father, pingye, was a scholar of Hanlin, and his collection of Mr. pingye was published. Liu gengsun and Liu taosun were both officials in the Yuan Dynasty. Later, they were killed by bandits. Sanwu evaded the invaders in Guangxi, and was awarded Professor Jingjiang. Later, he moved to Jingjiang to be the vice president of Confucianism. In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), the Ming soldiers conquered Guangxi, so they went back to their hometown and devoted themselves to writing. In 1385, at the age of 73, Liu Sanwu was recommended by Ru Gong to enter the court by "applying for a job with literature". He was praised by Zuo Chunfang and later moved to Hanlin. Zhu Yuanzhang often asked him for advice on how to govern the country and the people, how to select talents, and entrusted him with the important task of establishing the rules and regulations, and how to select scholars in three occasions. During this period, Zhu Yuanzhang praised his works such as "save the soul", "save bow record", "ritual system collection", "universal general annals" and so on. At that time, the imperial court recruited a group of Yuan Dynasty officials and old scholars who were known as "people who are well-trained in current affairs" to be "consultants". Among them, Liu Sanwu, Wang Rui and Zhu Shan, who were respected as the "three elders", received the best treatment.

The biography of Liu Sanwu in the history of Ming Dynasty says that Liu Sanwu is "generous and does not set up a city government When it comes to festivals, it is impossible to seize them. Because of this, he offended many powerful people, even the emperor, and risked his life. In the 23rd year of Hongwu reign of Ming Dynasty, he was granted the imperial Scripture of Jin Dynasty, and was impeached by the Ministry of official affairs for his "dereliction of duty". At one time, he was demoted from an academician to a teaching assistant of Guozijian, and soon returned to his original position. In the 25th year of Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty, after the death of the crown prince, Zhu Yuanzhang summoned his officials to discuss the establishment of the crown prince at the gate of the East Pavilion, saying, "the king of Yan is as brave as I am. How can I establish it?" at that time, most of the royal kings had heavy troops, especially Zhu Di, the king of Yan, who "controlled the soldiers and horses along the border." He has been coveting the throne for a long time. None of the officials dare to say more about this. At this time, Liu Sanwu came forward to admonish "the emperor and grandson are rich in years, the son of the world's legitimate, the son died, and the grandson inherited, so it is appropriate to unify the ceremony.". Zhu Yuanzhang didn't answer and burst into tears. After the establishment of Prince Yi's son Yun Wen for the emperor's grandson. As a result, Liu Sanwu "disobeyed the imperial edict" and was once again demoted from Hanlin bachelor to Guozijian doctor. Later, Zhao Mian, his son-in-law, was executed for "taking bribes". He asked for his retirement on the ground of avoiding suspicion. When passing by Changsha, he wrote a poem called "to be an official in Changsha": when I arrived in Changsha today, the wind sent me back to the boat, but it didn't incline. The green hills on both sides of the Strait are like horses, and the red leaves in the forest are like clouds. It's common to buy fish and sell wine. At that time, the painting of brocade was also praiseworthy. But soon after returning home, he was called back to the imperial court and returned to his original position.

In the 30th year of Hongwu (1397), Liu Sanwu, the academician, and Ji Shanbai, the king's residence, presided over the palace examination of Ding chouke. Later, song Cong came first, which was the spring list. No one on the list came from the north. It's not seen by Li Ke. As a result, the northern Juren, who failed in the examination, jointly named Shangshu and told examiner Liu Sanwu that he was from the South and took care of his villagers. When Zhu Yuanzhang learned of this, he was very angry and ordered his servants to read Zhang Xin, Shi Shuo Dai Yi, youzanshan Wang Junhua, Si zhilang Zhang Qian, Si Jingju's proofread Yan shuzai, Zhengzi Dong Guan, Shi huangzhang, Ji Shanzhou Heng and Xiao Yi. Add northerners to the official list. Later Zhang Xin said that Liu Sanwu's judgment was correct. However, after re reading, the paper presented was not well written and had some taboos. Some people complained that Liu Sanwu, Bai Xindao and others deliberately involved in the case. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and punished the examiners severely. It was reported that Liu Sanwu secretly asked Zhang Xin and others to deliberately take part in the case. When Zhu Yuanzhang knew this, he was even more angry. He executed more than 20 people including Zhang Xin and Bai Xinwu, and ordered Liu Sanwu to guard the border. Liu Er, song Cong and others were also demobilized, and only Dai Yi and Yin Changlong were exonerated. Emperor Taizu of the later Ming Dynasty personally presided over the palace examination, and 61 of them, including Ren bo'an, were selected for Xia bang. The 61 people recorded are all from the north, so they are also called Beibang. Another 61 Jinshi were all from the north. At that time, the so-called "North South list" or "spring summer list" was used. This event set a precedent for the Ming Dynasty to choose scholars from the north and the south, and became a custom-made one after Hongxi.

In the autumn of this year, Zhu Yuanzhang personally presided over the re examination, and the 61 other Jinshi he promoted were all "Beishi". Later generations called it "Nanbei Bang", also known as "Chunqiu Bang", and called this case "Nanbei Bang muddle case".

After Zhu Yunwen, Emperor Hui of the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne, Liu Sanwu was called back to Beijing again to resume his post, majoring in the spring and autumn Dacheng. He died in 1400 in the second year of Jianwen of the Ming Dynasty and was over 90 years old when he died. His poem "self portrait" reflects his mood of being an official for more than ten years: "don't blame three I don't get up, but two will step on the world of mortals; relatives and friends don't ask each other, old and silent, lazy."

In my poems, I often write quickly and have no time to temper them. In Chenghua (1465-1487), Yu Peng of Tongjiang knew Chaling and published his works as Tan Zhai Ji. During the Wanli period (1573-1619), Jia chongkan, the governor of Chaling Prefecture, Hancheng. Yuanxiang Qi Jiu Ji contains 51 poems.

Historical records of Ming Dynasty

Liu Sanwu is from Chaling. The first name is like sun. Brother Geng sun and Tao sun were both officials of Yuan Dynasty. It's hard to kill a thief with a long spear. Tao sun, a scholar in Changzhou, was a dead bureaucrat. Three I evaded the army in Guangxi, and the provincial government was responsible for the system, and he was given the Deputy promotion of Confucianism in Jingjiang road. When Ming soldiers went to Guangxi, they returned to Chaling. In the 18th year of Hongwu, he was recommended by Ru Cong, who was 73 years old. He played a symmetrical purpose and was awarded Zuo zanshan and moved to Hanlin. At that time, the world was at the beginning of peace. Emperor determined to make, the old Confucian withered, three I night, Yue it. All the rituals and the methods of selecting scholars in three occasions were published.

I am erudite and good at writing. The emperor's Dagao and hongfanzhu were written in the preface. The compilation of the books, such as shenggonglu, shuzhuanhuixuan, huanyutongzhi and lizhijiyao, was very helpful. The emperor tasted it and said, "I have seen black Qi in kuibi. Now it's gone, and it's flourishing. You and others should write something about it, so as to call it my intention. " Imperial poetry belongs to harmony in season. Korean tortoiseshell pen. Chao Shen is appointed to be in front of the bodyguard; Yan Xiang is given to sit in the hall. Wang Rui and Zhu Shan are called "three old men." Even as San Wu grew older and less talented, he was often disobedient and less courteous. In the 23rd year of the reign of emperor Jin, Hou Yong, the Minister of the Ministry of officials, impeached him for his dereliction of duty. Dr. Jiang Guozi, looking for a job.

Sanwu is a generous man. He doesn't set up a city government. He calls himself "tantanweng". When it comes to the festival, you can't seize it. Yiwen Prince Hong, Emperor Yudong Pavilion door, called to the ministers, wailing. San Wujin said, "the emperor and the grandson inherit the rule, and the rites are the same." This is the foundation of TAISUN. Zhao Mian, the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, and his third son-in-law also died of embezzlement. San Wu retired. Xu Zhi. Not long ago, he became a bachelor again. Thirty years with Ji Shan, Bai Xindao and other examiners. Bang FA, Taihe song Cong first, the northern scholars without pre. So Zhusheng said that we, the southerners, were private in our hometown. When the emperor was angry, he ordered his servant to read Zhang's letter again. Or words and so on, so as to crude volume presented, three we really belong to it. Emperor Yi Nu, letter dance, etc. on death, three of my old garrison, Cong also garrison. The emperor's personal advice, more promoted 61 people, are North scholars. At that time, it was called "North South list", also known as "spring summer list". At the beginning of Jianwen, Sanwu was called back. After a long time, he died.

Selected Poems

Feeling of climbing the city

Huabiao is sad to hear the crane's voice, and the female wall shines on the bright moon.

In the Qin Dynasty, when it came to the middle danger, it scattered Chu like an army.

There are only bones in the mountains and rivers of Baizhan, whose city is the barrier for thousands of years.

Xinglai did not dare to visit the pavilion at leisure, for fear that the new pavilion would be filled with emotion.

[and the early state judgment]

Left body fistula Bi ear is still deaf, near the knife injury more timid wind.

There are also generals who have pity on Du Fu.

It is difficult to strengthen the sick man by binding silk.

If you want to get involved in the Xiangjiang River, you will find that the beauty is far away from the dusk clouds.

[brother kuibao put me in the official position. In the day of Geng Wu, the Jinshi Department of Gaocheng gate said, "I will share the joys and sorrows with the corporal and swear to live and die together with Gaocheng. "】

The loyalty of an inch, the flow of ancient people, the wind and frost on temples are the worries of the country.

Huang jiati, a former Jinshi, died in ancient Xuanzhou.

Gaocheng had Changhong's blood, so his old friend should travel with him.

The weak brother felt ashamed and powerless, so he could not apply for the debt of Dachen.

[Kucong brother Yiwu's instruction]

After many years of administration, the mourning sound began to be heard recently.

Because of the long-term war in the cochlear horn, there was a division between life and death.

I'm afraid that there will be no empress in the end. Who remembers Zhonglang's works.

I want to see the scattered flowers on the island. I still feel sad today.

[chase and pull]

Haiqing

Chen quanzi and Ren liangshangshu

After fighting for a long time under the stage, Yu Gu's wall was broken.

The north gate was in charge of the Qizi square, and the Han family had drawn the Zhao army flag.

When he died, the sage knew.

Want to see Jiangdong Bridge on the road, still blood dripping.

To Deng zuocheng (two poems). Lingling loyal minister)

Who will defend Xiaoxiang alone?

Zuo Chengqin awarded the third sergeant, and all the generals won the prize.

Gaomi letter is the first, Kong Mingru died in Guoning.

Upstream edge of this no fan cover, only the hero letter sentimental.

Once upon a time, Sun Yat Sen was loyal to the emperor,

Chinese PinYin : Liu San Wu