Du Fu Cottage

Chengdu Du Fu thatched cottage museum is located at 37 Qinghua Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. It is the former residence of Du Fu, a great poet of Tang Dynasty, when he lived in Chengdu. Du Fu lived here for nearly four years and wrote more than 240 poems. Wei Zhuang, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, found the thatched cottage site and rebuilt it to preserve it. It was repaired and expanded in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Covering an area of nearly 300 mu, the thatched cottage completely retains the architectural pattern of the 13th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1500) and the 16th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1811). The buildings are simple and elegant, and the gardens are quiet and beautiful. It is a holy land in the history of Chinese literature. Dufu memorial hall was established in 1955 and renamed Chengdu Dufu thatched cottage museum in 1985.

The museum is one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, one of the first batch of national first-class museums, one of the national key ancient books protection units, and one of the national AAAA level tourist attractions. It is the largest, best preserved, most famous and most characteristic trace site of Du Fu in China, with an annual tourist volume of more than one million. On October 11, 2018, he was selected into the list of "national primary and secondary students' research and practice education base".

In Chengdu Du Fu thatched cottage museum, there are more than 30000 volumes of various materials and more than 2000 pieces of cultural relics. Including song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9D%9C%E8%AF%97 "Du Fu's poetry < / A is the most abundant and well preserved place in the collection of Du Fu's works in his life, including fine block printed edition, photocopied edition, hand copied edition, modern lead printed edition, 15 kinds of foreign translations and more than 120 kinds of Chinese block printed edition published in Korea and Japan. Du Fu's poetic paintings collected by Du Fu's thatched cottage have become a special subject in the field of Chinese painting, and are collected in many museums all over the country. Modern masters such as Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, Fu Baoshi, Pan Tianshou, Liu Haisu, Wu Zuoren, Li kuchan, Wang Xuetao, etc. have also created exquisite works with different styles based on Du's poetry.

Du Fu thatched cottage in Chengdu is famous for its poetry, which has become popular in later generations.

In 2001, Dufu thatched cottage museum in Chengdu discovered the gray Kang of Tang Dynasty and the residential sites of Tang Dynasty respectively in the west side of the main entrance of the thatched cottage and the north east side of the Gongbu temple during the construction of underground pipelines. A large number of ceramic utensils, building components, wall foundations, wells, ditches, stoves and other residential relics were unearthed. Their age is very close to the time when Du Fu lived in Chengdu. The Tang Dynasty ruins of Dufu thatched cottage is one of the most important Tang Dynasty cultural relics in Chengdu Plain. It shows the social life style of Chengdu in the Tang Dynasty, confirms Dufu's description of his living environment and living scene, and provides material evidence for the historical evolution of Dufu thatched cottage.

Du Fu Cottage

Du Fu thatched cottage is the former residence of Du Fu, a great poet of Tang Dynasty, when he lived in Chengdu. It is located at 38 Qinghua Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. Du Fu lived here for nearly four years and wrote more than 240 poems. Wei Zhuang, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, found the thatched cottage site and rebuilt it to preserve it. It was repaired and expanded in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Covering an area of nearly 300 mu, Dufu thatched cottage still retains the architectural pattern of the 13th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1500) and the 16th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1811). Zhaobi, main gate, Da'ao, Shi Shi Shi Tang, chaimen, Gong Bu CI are arranged on a central axis, with a pair of corridors and other ancillary buildings on both sides. There are more than 30000 volumes of various materials in the thatched cottage. The Du Fu memorial hall was established in 1955 and renamed Chengdu Du Fu thatched cottage museum in 1985.

On March 4, 1961, Du Fu thatched cottage was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

Historical evolution

Du Fu thatched cottage is the residence where Du Fu, a great poet of Tang Dynasty, lived in Chengdu. In the winter of the second year of Qianyuan reign of emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty (759), in order to avoid the "an Shi rebellion", Du Fu took his family from Longyou (now the south of Gansu Province) to Sichuan and came to Chengdu.

In the spring of the third year of Qianyuan reign of emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty (760), Du Fu, with the help of his friends, built a thatched house on the picturesque Bank of Huanhua River in the western suburb of Chengdu.

In the spring of the second year of Shangyuan (761) of emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty, the thatched cottage was completed, which was called "Chengdu thatched cottage". In his poem "a thatched cottage in the west of Wanli Bridge, the water of Baihuatan is Canglang" (mad man), Chengdu thatched cottage is mentioned. He has lived here for nearly four years, because he was awarded the title of "wailang, member of the school inspection department", and he was also called the Department of Du industry.

In the first year of emperor Yongtai of Tang Dynasty (765), Yan Wu died of illness. Du Fu, who lost his only support, had to leave Chengdu with his family and his family. Two years later, he was exiled to Jingxiang and other places through the Three Gorges.

After Du Fu left Chengdu, the thatched cottage was destroyed.

During the Dali Period of Tang Dynasty (from November 766 to December 779), most of the thatched cottages were occupied as private houses by the Ren clan, the concubine of Cui Ning, the then governor of Sichuan Province.

In the pre Shu period of the Five Dynasties, Wei Zhuang, a poet, found the ruins of the thatched cottage and rebuilt the thatched cottage. His intention was to "think of the man and make his place" so that it could be preserved.

In the Song Dynasty, the temple was rebuilt and painted with the statue of Du Fu between the walls.

Since then, the thatched cottage has been revived and abandoned, and the largest two renovations, the 13th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1500) and the 16th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1811), basically laid the foundation for the scale and layout of today's thatched cottage.

At the end of Ming Dynasty, Zhang Xianzhong's peasant uprising army entered Sichuan and destroyed the thatched cottage.

In Qing Dynasty, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties all rebuilt and repaired the thatched cottage in Chengdu.

In 1866, Huanhua temple was built in the middle of Huajing red wall to commemorate the wife of Ji state in Chengdu of Tang Dynasty.

In the late period of the Republic of China, local warlords scuffled and the thatched cottage became a military stable and a hospital for medical treatment of the sick and wounded. During this period, the thatched cottage of Du Fu was greatly damaged. The doors and windows of the ancestral hall, pavilions and waterside pavilions were demolished, and the hanging couplets and plaques were lost. Most of them were taken down by the officers and soldiers and burned as firewood. The statue of Du Fu in the ancestral hall of the Ministry of work was blown by the wind and rain, so the monks of the thatched cottage temple had to put on their hats .

In 1952, Dufu thatched cottage was officially opened to the public after a comprehensive renovation.

In 1955, Du Fu memorial hall was established in Du Fu thatched cottage.

On March 7, 1958, Mao Zedong visited Du Fu thatched cottage in his spare time to attend the Chengdu conference.

In 1959, Li Jieren, then vice mayor in charge of culture of Chengdu, presided over the large-scale construction of Du Fu thatched cottage.

In February 1997, the government set up a special fund to rebuild Du Fu's thatched cottage.

In 1999, the "Du Shi calligraphy woodcut Gallery" was built, displaying more than 100 pieces of Du Shi calligraphy woodcut works.

At the end of 2001, the Tang Dynasty living sites and a number of Tang Dynasty cultural relics were excavated in the thatched cottage.

In 2002, the main hall of the original Caotang temple was officially opened.

In 2005, the "ten thousand Buddha tower" was rebuilt to restore the historical and cultural city of Chengdu, with "Chongli Pavilion in the East and ten thousand Buddha tower in the west".

Architectural features

structure

The total area of Du Fu thatched cottage is nearly 300 mu. According to its functions, it is divided into cultural relics scenic spot tour area (former site of thatched cottage), garden scenic spot tour area (Plum Garden) and service area (thatched cottage Temple). In the former site of the thatched cottage, Zhaobi, main gate, DAHAO, shishishitang, chaimen and Gongbu ancestral hall are arranged on a central axis, with symmetrical corridors and other ancillary buildings on both sides. There are flowing water, small bridges and bamboo trees between them, which makes it solemn, simple, elegant, deep, quiet and beautiful. On the east side of Gongbu temple is a stele Pavilion called "Shaoling thatched cottage".

After the Gongbu ancestral hall, there is a "thatched cottage scenic area" restored and rebuilt according to Du's poetry description and Ming dynasty pattern, drawing on the characteristics of Western Sichuan folk houses, which reproduces the pastoral style of the poet's former residence and creates a strong poetic atmosphere; there is also a "thatched cottage" shadow wall with broken porcelain inlaid and elegant style, which is located between the red walls and covered by bamboo. In the bonsai garden, there is a "wood carving Gallery of Du Shi calligraphy" built in 1999, displaying more than 100 pieces of Du Shi calligraphy and wood carving works. It is selected from the collection of thousands of authentic manuscripts of Du Shi written by celebrities of past dynasties, and carved with Phoebe. It is of great ornamental value. Its poetry, calligraphy, materials and crafts are known as "four wonders". The rebuilt Wanfo tower stands in the nanmu forest in the east of the thatched cottage, restoring the historical and cultural city of Chengdu with "Chongli Pavilion in the East and Wanfo tower in the west". Located in the "Da Ya Tang" of the third main hall of the former fanan temple, there are the largest area (64 square meters) of large colored glaze inlaid and polished murals and 12 sculptures of famous poets in the past dynasties, which vividly show Du Fu's life and the development history of Chinese classical poetry, and the basic display of "eternal works of poetry" in the museum.

characteristic

Du Fu thatched cottage has been repaired and expanded in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has evolved into a famous cultural Holy Land integrating the pattern of memorial hall and the style of the poet's old residence, with simple and elegant architecture and beautiful gardens. The thatched cottage is a unique "mixed" Chinese classical garden, retaining the pattern of Jiaqing reconstruction in Qing Dynasty.

Main buildings

overview

Plaque at the main entrance of Du Fu thatched cottage in Chengdu

Chinese PinYin : Du Fu Cao Tang