Stone City Heritage Park

In 1990, Nanjing built the stone city park on the site of the stone city. The theme of the park is "reminiscence of the ancient stone city". It combines the long history of the stone city with the natural landscape, and integrates the ancient battlefield with modern national defense education. The total planning area is nearly 16.94 hectares, with the ancient city wall as the axis, reflecting the characteristics of the historical and cultural ancient capital. Qingliangshan sports school in the north, Qingliangmen in the south, ancient city wall in the West and Huju road in the East. Stone city, also known as "ghost face city", is a military fortress built by Sun Quan in the Three Kingdoms period after the battle of Chibi, who moved the capital from Jingkou (today's Zhenjiang) to moling (today's Nanjing) in A.D. 211, using the natural stone wall of Qingliang mountain. The terrain is dangerous and the momentum is magnificent. It is a physical witness of the vicissitudes of history. Standing here, we can best understand the artistic conception of Liu Yuxi's "Xisaishan nostalgia" and Wang Anshi's "guizhixiang" - Jinling nostalgic CI. "Ghost face mirror" is a famous scenic spot in history. There is an oval stone wall protruding from the wall in the middle of the city wall. From a distance, you can see the eyes, ears, mouth and nose, which looks like a ghost face. Therefore, it is called "ghost face". Now, the area of this pool "mirror" under "ghost face" is more than 1600 square meters. When the park was rebuilt, the famous yanwang river landscape was also cleared from the historical coverage, and it became a lush clear stream on both sides. Whether viewed from a distance or nearby, the weeping willows, clear water and green trees on the city wall are excellent scenery.

Stone city

synonym

Stone City Heritage Park generally refers to stone city (stone city scenic area, Gulou District, Nanjing)

Stone city is located in Gulou District of Nanjing city. It is a famous relic of the Six Dynasties. The site is located in Liangshan area of the Qing Dynasty. It is known as "the first military fortress of the eastern Wu Dynasty". Built in the seventh year of King Wei of Chu (333 BC) and the sixteenth year of Jian'an of the Eastern Han Dynasty (211 BC), Sun Quan of the state of Wu moved to moling (today's Nanjing) to build a city at the original site of Jinling town in shitoushan, named shitoucheng.

It guards the intersection of the Qinhuai River and the Yangtze River. "Because of the mountains, it is a city, because of the river, it is a pool. The terrain is dangerous and solid, especially with strange potential." it is a military important town to ensure the security of the western part of Jiankang City, the capital. It is also a place for military strategists to fight for. It is known as "the stone city of Huju".

Stone city is called stone city. In a broad sense, it is another name of Nanjing today. In a narrow sense, it refers to stone mountain stone city in the west of the old city of Nanjing.

The origin of the name

Sun Quan built a stone city in shitoushan, which was used as the capital to protect the capital of the eastern Wu Dynasty; he prepared military stones, and built beacon towers in stone bases, which were used to send alarm signals immediately in military affairs. Later, Jin General Wang Jun led the navy to attack the eastern Wu. The eastern Wu built the iron chain, and the Jin army burned the iron chain. Leading to the fall of stone city, the unpopular king of Wu SUN Hao surrendered.

Later, the Yangtze River has gradually moved westward, and the river sediment deposition in shitoucheng has become flat. Stone city is no longer so dangerous. Zhuyuan is a part of Tianfu city. Stone Mountain is cool now. This is a river in the west, a river influenced by natural stone. Building stone city, natural stone is part of the city wall.

Historical evolution

Stone city, about 3000 meters long, was built in the seventh year of King Chuwei (333 BC). In the 16th year of Jian'an (211) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Quan of the state of Wu moved to moling (now Nanjing). In the second year, he built a city at the original site of Jinling town in shitoushan, named Shitou. Guarding the Yangtze River is an important place for military strategists. It is known as Huju in Shicheng.

In the cool western foot of Nanjing, from the stone gate of longpanli, Huju pass, to the gate of Caochangmen, you can see the winding walls and towering cliffs. This is the stone city built on the mountain. Tongzhi "Shangjiang two county annals. Mountain research" contains: "since Jiangbei, the mountain has no stone, so the mountain began to have stone, so the name." "Jiankang Zhi" also said: "there is a city on the mountain, also known as Shicheng mountain." The "city" here is the stone city.

The origin of stone city can be traced back to the Warring States period more than 2000 years ago. According to historical records, in the 36th year of King Xian of Zhou Dynasty (333 BC), the state of Chu (the capital of Ying, which is now Jiangling in Hubei Province) destroyed the state of Yue. King Wei of Chu set up Jinling and built a city on Liangshan in the present Qing Dynasty. In the 24th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (223 BC), the state of Chu was destroyed and Jinling was changed into moling county. It is said that during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang sent an envoy to Soochow on the eve of the battle of Chibi to discuss with Sun Quan the great plan to destroy Cao. It is said that when Zhuge Liang passed moling County, he specially rode to shitoushan to observe the situation of mountains and rivers. He saw the mountains headed by Zhong Shan winding in the southeast like a black dragon, while the western mountains ending at Shitou Shan, like a fierce tiger, perched on the Bank of the river. So he expressed his admiration that "Zhong Shan is a dragon, Shitou is a tiger, and it's really the house of the emperor." he proposed to Sun Quan to move the capital to moling.

After the battle of Chibi, Sun Quan moved to moling (now Nanjing) and renamed moling Jianye. The next year, the famous stone city was built on the original foundation of Qingliangshan. At that time, the Yangtze River flowed under the Qingliang mountain, so the military status of stone city was very prominent, and Sun Wu always regarded it as the most important naval base. For hundreds of years after that, it became an important military town. In the civil war, the victory was often decided by the capture of stone city. Stone city is based on the natural cliffs on the cool Shanxi slope, surrounded by mountains, with a circumference of "seven Li and one hundred steps", equivalent to about six li today. The city is surrounded by mountains and rivers, with Huaihe River in the south. It has two gates in the South and one gate in the East. To the west of the south gate is the west gate.

There are stone storehouses and stone warehouses in the city to store grain and weapons. A beacon tower was built on the top of the city wall, which could send out signals to forecast the invasion of the enemy at any time. In the Southern Dynasties, the status of stone city as a military fortress to defend the capital remained unchanged. In ancient times, the Yangtze river went eastward around the foot of Qingliang mountain. Huge waves beat the mountain wall from time to time, scouring the cliff into a cliff. After Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and built Kangcheng, he set up Jiangzhou in Shitou city. In the early Tang Dynasty, he set up the governor's office of Yangzhou in Shitou city. Shitou city was the center of Nanjing in Sui Dynasty and early Tang Dynasty.

After the Tang Dynasty, the river gradually moved westward. Since the eighth year of Wude (625), the stone city began to be abandoned. Therefore, Liu Yuxi, a poet of the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem named stone city: "surrounded by mountains, the country is surrounded by tides, and the empty city is lonely. On the east side of the huaishui River, the old moon passed the women's wall at night. " The stone city described by the poet is a desolate and lonely "empty city". Five Dynasties (924). The first temple, Xingjiao temple, was built on the stone city. Since then, it has become a scenic spot with temples and academies. Up to now, it is still famous at home and abroad for its majestic posture of "Huju in stone city".

According to geological research, the strata here are the late Cretaceous Pukou formation strata about 100 million to 70 million years ago, Under the city wall between Qingliangmen and Caochangmen, there is a protruding oval stone wall, about 6 meters long and 3 meters wide. Because of years of weathering, the gravel peels off, potholes and spots, and there are purple and black rock blocks in the middle. From a distance, you can see the ears, eyes, mouth and nose, which looks like a pair of ferocious faces. It is called "ghost face city". There are many legends about ghost face city in Nanjing. It is said that this rock was as smooth as a knife. Today, there is a clear pond on the west side of the city. From the side of the water, you can see the reflection of the city. The old Nanjing people commonly call it "looking at the mirror with a ghost face".

This magical legend has attracted countless Chinese and foreign tourists. Shitoucheng site has been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province, and it has become a good place for people to go for a green outing and think about the ancient.

The stone city of Nanjing is made of natural rocks. In the middle of the stone city, there are several red gravels, which are rugged due to the erosion of ancient rivers. They are like animal faces, so they are commonly known as ghost face city. The stone city is about 3000 meters in circumference. It has two gates in the South and one in the East. Because it is close to the Yangtze River in the northwest, there is no gate. At that time, stone city was the headquarters of Sunwu Navy, and jiangpo often had thousands of ships. There are stone warehouses built in the city to store grain, weapons and other materials. At the highest point in the west of the city, there is a beacon tower of Sun Wu. It is said that once the enemy's situation is discovered, the beacon fire will spread all over the Yangtze River in half a day. The terrain of stone city is precipitous, which has been known as "stone city Huju" since ancient times. Later, due to the gradual westward movement of the Yangtze River, the military value of the stone city weakened. After Zhu Yuanzhang established his capital in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty, he built the city wall in the second year of Hongwu. Nowadays, stone city is a famous historic site at home and abroad, and also one of the important tourist attractions in Nanjing.

In the west of Nanjing stone city, the scenery is quiet, known as "City mountain forest". On Qingliang mountain, places of interest can be found everywhere, such as "zhumapo", "ancient well of Southern Tang Dynasty", "Qingliang Temple", "Chongzheng academy" and "saoyalou". The stone city is behind the cool mountain, with a total length of about 3000 meters from north to south. The remains of the city foundation are ochre red, with a large number of river light stones. They are generally 0.3-0.7 meters higher than the surface, and the highest is 17 meters. They are chiseled by natural rocks. During the reign of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (405-418), bricks were added to build the stone city. In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), the stone city was rebuilt as a part of yingtianfu city (now Nanjing).

Park Construction

In 1990, Nanjing built the stone city park on the site of the stone city. The theme of the park is "reminiscence of the ancient stone city", which organically combines the long history of the stone city with the natural landscape

Chinese PinYin : Shi Tou Cheng Yi Zhi Gong Yuan