Balicheng site

Balicheng site, commonly known as balicheng, is one of the provincial-level cultural relics protection units in Heilongjiang Province. Balicheng site is located 300 meters northwest of dongbalitun, dongbali village, Sizhan Town, Zhaodong city. It is 3.5 kilometers away from Sizhan town in the northeast and 5 kilometers away from the main stream of Songhua River in the south. The longitude and latitude coordinates are 125 ° 56 'e and 45 ° 45' n. Balicheng is nearly square with four gates in the direction of 135 ° and each gate has an urn. The north and East gates of the urn are in the middle, while the West and South gates are to the left. The measured perimeter of balicheng is 3761m, nearly 3.8km. The east wall is 922 meters long, the west wall is 943 meters long and the north wall is 911 meters long. There are 56 mound shaped battlements (horse faces) along the wall, and each corner has a turret. The distance between the horse faces is different, with the longest distance of 67 meters and the shortest distance of 44 meters. Balicheng is nearly square with four gates in the direction of 135 ° and each gate has an urn. The north and East gates of the urn are in the middle, while the West and South gates are to the left. The measured perimeter of balicheng is 3761m, nearly 3.8km. The east wall is 922 meters long, the west wall is 943 meters long and the north wall is 911 meters long. There are 56 mound shaped battlements (horse faces) along the wall, and each corner has a turret. The distance between the horse faces is different, with the longest distance of 67 meters and the shortest distance of 44 meters.

Copper, iron, porcelain and other utensils were unearthed in the city. There are many kinds of iron utensils, such as weapons, horse tools, farm tools, weapons and so on.

Balicheng site

Balicheng site, commonly known as balicheng, is located 300 meters northwest of dongbalitun, dongbalitun, Sizhan Town, Zhaodong City, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province. It is 3.5 kilometers away from Sizhan town in the northeast and 5 kilometers away from the main stream of Songhua River in the south. The site is located on a bow platform on the left bank of Songhua River, with the geographic coordinates of 125 ° 56 ′ E and 45 ° 45 ′ n. Founded in 1130, it is the largest ancient city of Jin Dynasty in the north of Songhua River. Among the ancient castles discovered in Heilongjiang Province, it is the most well preserved one, and it is also the best preserved one among the Jin Dynasty cities in China.

In 2001, balicheng site was officially announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Historical evolution

With the discovery and excavation of bronze period tombs around dongbali village in recent years, balicheng site has proved that this area has become a production and living settlement of some ethnic minorities in northern China at the latest at the turn of the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, and its productivity has reached a certain level. In the Liao Dynasty, Nvzhen lived here, which was chuhedian under the jurisdiction of the Liao regime. At the end of the Liao Dynasty, the rule of the Khitan nobles was increasingly decadent, and the racial oppression and economic exploitation of the female real people in this area were deepening, which caused the female real people's strong dissatisfaction. Under this situation, the Nuzhen tribe headed by Wanyan Aguda tribe, under the leadership of its national leader, Wanyan Aguda tribe, started the war against Liao since 1114. Wan Yan and a Gu fought in ningjiangzhou at first, and then defeated the Liao army at chuhedian on the Duck River, and won a decisive victory, which laid the foundation for the founding of the people's Republic of China.

Balicheng site was built in 1130, the eighth year of Emperor Taizong's Tianhui. In memory of Wanyan Aguda, Emperor Taizu of Jin Dynasty, the site was named Zhaozhou, which was attached to Shangjing road. This is the beginning of the construction of balicheng.

During the reign of emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty, in order to further strengthen the ruling power of Zhaozhou, in October of the first year (1138), Tianjun set up a defense envoy in Zhaozhou and attached to Huining Prefecture. In the second year of Huangtong (1142), he worshipped the clan deities as Zhaozhou defense envoys.

During the reign of Hailing king, Zhaozhou's status changed several times. For a time, hailing King took Zhaozhou as a branch of Jeju, but it soon returned to its original status. In the second year of Tiande (1150), Shaoyang army of Changchun state in Liao Dynasty was demoted to a county, and then attached to Zhaozhou (Zhaozhou also had jurisdiction over Shixing County, zhonghailing Dynasty, Shenshi, and Huwei).

In the early years of Dading reign of emperor Shizong of Jin Dynasty, it was regarded as a concentrated place for suppressing the rebellion of wou of Qidan nationality, and kuowu of Tang Dynasty was also a defense envoy of Zhaozhou. At the end of the seventh year of Dading (1167), pucha was appointed as Zhaozhou defense envoy.

During the reign of emperor Zhangzong of Jin Dynasty, Zhaozhou was even more prominent. In the third year of Cheng'an (1198), Zhangzong was promoted to Wuxing, the name of the Jiezhen army in Zhaozhou. In the fifth year of Cheng'an (1200), he set up a water transport department to promote the affairs of the state.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty, because Taizhou was dilapidated and difficult to live in, people from Northeast Road to Zhaozhou flocked to Zhaozhou, which forced Taizhou and other places to "have a hard time in recruitment". In this case, Wu Gu, the defense envoy of Zhaozhou, proposed that "Zhaozhou should be promoted as a measure of saving, and both envoys should be recruited" and "two deputy envoys should be recruited to separate Taizhou and Yichun".

In 1214, he shilide was moved to Zhaozhou as a defense envoy. In the same year, Zhaozhou was promoted to Wuxing Junjie town and set up a recruitment department. Heshi Liede was appointed governor.

At this point, Zhaozhou reached the climax of Jin Dynasty politics. Since then, with the decline of the rule of Jin Dynasty and the strength of Genghis Khan, the military situation in Eastern Liaoning, including Zhaozhou, has become weaker and weaker. Therefore, some officials are not willing to be officials in Zhaozhou. For example, the first year of Xingding (1217) was after the five Jin of pucha, the provincial governor, entered the dynasty. He left Jiangshan to guard Zhaozhou, but Jiangshan was "quite willing to leave". It shows that the status of Jin Zhaozhou is in danger.

However, Zhaozhou city in Jin Dynasty still played an important role in Liaodong, and it was an important military town in Northeast China.

After the destruction of the Jin Dynasty in Yuan Dynasty, Zhaozhou was located in the place where the kings were divided. Zhaozhou was abolished in the early Yuan Dynasty. It is only a station in the post road from Xixiang prefecture (northeast ancient city of Nong'an, Jilin Province) under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang province to chiwanhufu (near Fuhui, Heilongjiang Province). Zhiyuan 30 years (1293) and built for the state. Yuanzhen first year (1295) was established as Zhaozhou tuntian wanhufu.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the site of balicheng was under the jurisdiction of duoyanwei, the commander of Liaodong capital. After the establishment of nurgansi in 1409, nurgansi was ruled by nurgansi. As the starting point of "Haixi Xilu Road Station" (Zhaozhou Wuliang River), which is one of the four important post stations in nurgansi, nurgansi became an important city station in the Northeast transportation network of Ming Dynasty.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it was a nomadic land of Guoerluosi rear banner on the left wing of Horqin, and at the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Zhaozhou department.

In the Republic of China, the site of balicheng was under the jurisdiction of Zhaozhou.

When the enemy and the puppets were under the jurisdiction of Zhaoyuan County.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the site of balicheng site was assigned to Zhaodong.

When and why the balicheng site was abandoned have not yet been determined. It was rediscovered in the Guangxu period of the late Qing Dynasty.

architectural composition

Balicheng is nearly square with four gates in the direction of 135 ° and each gate has an urn. The north and East gates of the urn are in the middle, while the West and South gates are to the left. The measured perimeter of balicheng is 3761m, nearly 3.8km. The east wall is 922 meters long, the west wall is 943 meters long and the north wall is 911 meters long. There are 56 mound shaped battlements (horse faces) along the wall, and each corner has a turret. The distance between the horse faces is different, with the longest distance of 67 meters and the shortest distance of 44 meters. The wall of balicheng is made of rammed earth. The rammed layer is 10-15 cm. The height of the wall is 4-5 meters. The highest part is 5 meters. The width of the wall base is 12 meters. 10 meters outside the wall there is a moat around the city. The South Moat is the widest and deepest, about 7 meters deep, 23.5 meters wide at the top, about 5-6 meters wide at the bottom, and the West moat is the shallowest, about 4 meters deep. There is an earth dike outside the moat to protect the whole city, 1-1.5 meters above the ground and about 12 meters wide. At the bottom of the moat and the city (between the moat walls), trees such as willows and elms grow all over the city. On both sides of the city wall, the moat is covered with a layer of natural vegetation. Every time in summer and autumn after the early spring, balicheng city wall up and down, inside and outside the moat tobacco Mi man, tree shade, become the butterflies and flowers play, where the birds contend.

The city has been cultivated for a long time, and there is a dirt road running through the north and South gates. The walls, gates, battlements and trenches of balicheng are well preserved except for the east gate and the south gate, which were slightly damaged in the early years due to the people's soil collection. It is the most well preserved ancient castle in Heilongjiang Province.

unearthed relic

November 1958

There are many cultural relics unearthed in balicheng, and nearly 1000 pieces have been collected, which are described as follows: more than 30 pieces of stone tools, including stone axes, stone bases, stone mills, etc.; 21 pieces of bone ware, including residual spoons, antlers, etc.; more than 90 pieces of bronze ware, including residual ornaments, copper Buddha, Dading Tongbao, Zhenglong Tongbao and other copper coins of Tang, Northern Song and Jin Dynasties; more than 150 pieces of pottery, including long bricks, patterned bricks, animal faced tiles, pots, cups, etc.; porcelain There are more than 20 pieces of utensils, including black oil double series small pot, fixed porcelain bowl, fixed porcelain turtle, pig head shaped three hole flute, etc.; there are more than 700 pieces of iron utensils, including weapons such as knives and spears, torture tools such as three ring shackles, horse tools such as stirrups and holding rings, handicraft tools such as shovels, saws and axes, farm tools such as plowshares and hoes, and household tools such as kitchen knives, scissors and iron locks.

Cultural relic value

According to the architectural features of balicheng site, combined with the analysis of historical materials and unearthed cultural relics, balicheng site is the former site of Zhaozhou city in Jin Dynasty and an important military castle in Northeast China in Jin Dynasty. Heritage of balicheng

Chinese PinYin : Ba Li Cheng Yi Zhi